Country and Region-Specific Safety Issues

Sexism and Gender Discrimination in Pakistan's Mainstream News Media

Erum Hafeez, Luavut Zahid

In: Handbook of Research on Discrimination, Gender Disparity, and Safety Risks in Journalism

Sadia Jamil; Baris Çoban; Bora Ataman; Gifty Appiah-Adjei (eds.)

Hershey, PA: IGI Global (2021), pp. 60-89

"This research aims to examine how sexism and gender discrimination impacts women journalists in Pakistan. The International Federation of Journalists (2018-19) ranks Pakistan as the fourth most dangerous country for journalists. The Coalition for Women in Journalism declares Pakistan as the sixth-w ... more

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Burning out and turning off: Journalists’ disconnection strategies on social media

Diana Bossio, Avery E. Holton

Journalism, volume 22, issue 10 (2021), pp. 2475-2492

"This study explores forms of social media fatigue described by professional journalists, including frustration with the perception of their increased affective labor, dissatisfaction with communication environments on particular social media platforms, and increased anxiety about the possible impac ... more

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Mexican Journalism Under Siege. The Impact of Anti-press Violence on Reporters, Newsrooms, and Society

Ruben Arnoldo Gonzalez

Journalism Practice, volume 15, issue 3 (2021), pp. 308-328

"As a consequence of the endemic anti-press violence, Mexican journalists work under dangerous conditions. The constant assaults have eroded the practice of free journalism and thus, the people's right to know. Drawing on a set of semi-structured interviews with news workers from the most violent st ... more

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Newsroom Representation and Discrimination Against Female Journalists in Ghana

Rainbow Sackey, Abraham Atobrah Asiamah, Lisa Agyinor Forson Aboagye

In: Handbook of Research on Discrimination, Gender Disparity, and Safety Risks in Journalism

Sadia Jamil; Baris Çoban; Bora Ataman; Gifty Appiah-Adjei (eds.)

Hershey, PA: IGI Global (2021), pp. 297-318

"In journalism, there are still growing concerns about the ratio of men to women, even though women's presence in the newsroom have increased progressively. The issues of gender stereotyping and discrimination against women have emerged over time and still remain an issue of great concern. In view o ... more

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Journalism beyond the Coup: Emerging Forms of Digital Journalism Practices in Post-Coup Zimbabwe

Allen Munoriyarwa, Albert Chibuwe

Digital Journalism, volume 10, issue 7 (2021), pp. 1198-1218

"Utilizing a constellation of conceptual tenets drawn from critical digital technology theory, field theory and concepts of digital democracy, this article argues that the post-coup period in Zimbabwe has solidified digital journalism practices in three main ways. These are: (i) the consolidation of ... more

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Gender Mainstreaming in the Media: The Issue of Professional and Workplace Safety of Women Journalists in Nepal

Laxman Datt Pant

In: Handbook of Research on Discrimination, Gender Disparity, and Safety Risks in Journalism

Sadia Jamil; Baris Çoban; Bora Ataman; Gifty Appiah-Adjei (eds.)

Hershey, PA: IGI Global (2021), pp. 194-210

"Media sector, in Nepal, has been vibrant and it is flourishing across all media outlets with about 1,000 newspapers, 600 radio stations, about five dozen television channels and more than 2,200 online news portals currently in operation across the country. Despite such an impressive figure, the rel ... more

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The Monitored Watchdogs: Journalists’ Surveillance and its Repercussions for their Professional and Personal Lives in Pakistan

Sadia Jamil

Journalism Studies, volume 22, issue 7 (2021), pp. 878-895

"Journalists, across the world, are ever more at risk of surveillance from state and non-state antagonists. However, to work safely in a monitored environment is a substantial challenge for journalists. In such regimes, journalists and media organizations are often prone to attacks by the state auth ... more

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The Voice of Women and Challenges of Gender Equality in Georgian Media

Mariam Gersamia, Maia Toradze, Liana Markariani

In: Handbook of Research on Discrimination, Gender Disparity, and Safety Risks in Journalism

Sadia Jamil; Baris Çoban; Bora Ataman; Gifty Appiah-Adjei (eds.)

Hershey, PA: IGI Global (2021), pp. 232-250

"This research analyzes the media landscape in Georgia from a gender equality perspective to identify the existing stereotypes dominant in Georgian media organizations. Georgia (country) faces the challenges related to femicide, domestic violence, employment of women, early or forced marriages, sexu ... more

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Medium-Specific Threats for Journalists: Examples from Philippines, Afghanistan and Venezuela

Saumava Mitra, Marte Høiby, Mariateresa Garrido

Journalism Practice, volume 5, issue 1 (2021), pp. 80-98

"Between 2012 and 2016, UNESCO registered 530 deaths of journalists. They also published a statistic showing that television journalists were the most killed, followed by print media, radio and online journalists. Hinted in this statistics is the need to understand the relationship between the mediu ... more

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Patterns of violent attacks targeting journalists in Lagos, Nigeria

Ikem Godspower Ujene, Usman Ojedokun

Journal of Aggression, Conflict and Peace Research, volume 13, issue 1 (2021), pp. 50-60

"Despite the fact that Nigeria's transition from military rule to democracy is over two decades, violence targeting journalists still remains a recurring issue. On this basis, this paper aims to examine patterns of violent attacks targeting journalists in Lagos, Nigeria. Design/methodology/approach: ... more

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Threats and Attacks on Women Journalists in the Philippines

Ramon R. Tuazon, Therese Patricia S. Torres

In: Handbook of Research on Discrimination, Gender Disparity, and Safety Risks in Journalism

Sadia Jamil; Baris Çoban; Bora Ataman; Gifty Appiah-Adjei (eds.)

Hershey, PA: IGI Global (2021), pp. 43-59

"Due to continuing threats and attacks on the media, journalist safety has been the subject of increasing scholarly research in the Philippines. A gap in the literature, however, is research on safety issues affecting Filipino women journalists in particular, despite reports on specific challenges t ... more

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“In their own words”: Journalistic mediation of electoral conflict in polarized Zimbabwe

Admire Mare, Stanley Tsarwe

In: Media, Conflict and Peacebuilding in Africa

Jacinta Maweu; Admire Mare (eds.)

London; New York: Routledge (2021), 18 pp.

"This chapter examines Zimbabwean print journalists’ everyday newsmaking experiences during the 2008 disputed harmonized elections. The article is sequel to our article (Tsarwe and Mare 2019), which exclusively relied on qualitative content analysis of a state-owned weekly (The Sunday Mail) and tw ... more

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Threats to Media Freedom and Journalist’s Security as a Challenge to Implementation of Constitutional Principle of Freedom of Speech in the Council of Europe’s Member States

Alicja Jaskiernia

Przeglad Prawa Konstytucyjneo, issue 6 (2021), pp. 303-316

"Free speech and freedom of the media are essential to the functioning of democratic systems. However, recent decades have brought phenomena that pose a threat to media freedom. The author analyzed threats to media freedom and journalist’s security regarding resolution 2317 (2020) of the Parliamen ... more

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Nigeria: Democratic press, authoritarian government?

Chinyere Stella Okunna, Ngozi Marion Emmanuel, Henry Chigozie Duru

In: The Global Handbook of Media Accountability

Susanne Fengler; Tobias Eberwein; Matthias Karmasin (eds.)

London; New York: Routledge (2021), pp. 324-334

"The Nigerian media scene is notably vibrant, which can be perceived as a democratization of communication and liberalization of the press where anyone with the means to own a media establishment can do so. Thus, the challenge with the Nigerian media is no longer the issue of access but, rather, tha ... more

Media Environment Before and After 2021 Elections: Threats and Supportive Instruments

Mariam Gersamia, Maia Toradze

Tbilisi: Media and Communication Educational and Research Center (MCERC) (2021), 65 pp.

"The study revealed the macro and micro media threats that come to light in the digital and physical media environments prior to and following elections. The media environment observed during the 2021 self-government elections was representative of the reality seen through the eyes of media workers, ... more

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Safety of journalists in Germany

Bernd Holznagel, Jan Christopher Kalbhenn

In: Safety of journalists in Europe: Threats and best practices to tackle them

Mária Žuffová; Roberta Carlini (eds.)

San Domenico di Fiesole: European University Institute (2021), pp. 43-52

"The physical and digital safety of journalists is an important parameter to assess basic conditions for a plural media environment. If one examines the situation in Germany based on the given categories, it becomes clear that there are problems in various areas. At the same time, however, ideas alr ... more

Ecuadorian Journalists Mental Health Influence on Changing Job Desire: A Cross Sectional Study

Byron Fernando Bustamante-Granda, Claudia Rodríguez-Hidalgo, María Aranzazu Cisneros-Vidal, Diana Rivera-Rogel, Claudia Torres-Montesinos

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, volume 18, issue 10139 (2021), 13 pp.

"Journalist's mental health could predict their job change. This study aims at determining the prevalence of mental health issues and their association with perception of aptitude for covering emergencies and difficulty in seeing a corpse, and also to determine the mental health factors associated w ... more

Safety of journalists in Europe: Threats and best practices to tackle them

Mária Žuffová, Roberta Carlini (eds.)

San Domenico di Fiesole: European University Institute (2021), 53 pp.

"Journalists around the world face immense threats for doing their job. Although compared to other regions, the situation in Europe is considerably better; many challenges need to be addressed here as well to ensure conducive conditions for the conduct of journalistic work. The present working paper ... more

Safety of Journalists in France

Jedediah Sklower, Franck Rebillard

In: Safety of journalists in Europe: Threats and best practices to tackle them

Mária Žuffová; Roberta Carlini (eds.)

San Domenico di Fiesole: European University Institute (2021), pp. 31-42

"The 2020 law for “global security” and the National law enforcement plan (Schéma national du maintien de l’ordre), presented by the Minister of the Interior, meant to address, among other questions, the issue of the safety of journalists during demonstrations. Considering growing defiance an ... more