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87
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48
Key Guidance
1
Top Insights
7
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Safety of Journalists, Safety Risks of Media Workers
56
Media Freedom, Press Freedom
15
Media Assistance: Freedom of Expression & Safety of Journalists
8
Harassment & Intimidation of Journalists
8
Killings of Journalists & Media Personnel
8
Violence Against Journalists & Media Personnel
7
Press Freedom & Communication Rights Violations
5
Self-Censorship
5
Working Conditions of Journalists & Media Personnel
5
Journalists Dealing with Risks & Threats, Resilience & Wellbeing of Media Workers
4
Freedom of Expression
3
Impunity for Crimes Against Journalists & Media Personnel
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War Reporting
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Female Journalists & Media Workers
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Journalism
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Cybersecurity, Digital Safety, Privacy, Right to Privacy
2
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Exile Journalism, Exile Media
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Conflict Reporting, Armed Conflict Reporting
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Media Law & Regulation: International Standards & Practices
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Journalism Concepts & Cultures
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Journalists: Professional Identity & Values
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Safety of Journalists: Law & Public Policies
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Human Rights Protection
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Police
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Access to Media & Information: Migrants, Refugees, Diasporas
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Access to Public Information, Freedom of Information, Right to Information
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Editorial Independence: Influence of Advertisers
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Civic Engagement, Citizen Participation, Civil Society & Media
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Trust in the Media, Credibility of Media
1
Authoritarian Regimes: Media Systems & Landscapes
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Political Cartoons & Comics
1
Film Actors, Directors & Producers, Filmmakers
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Chilling Effects (Discouragement of Legitimate Exercise of Legal Rights)
1
Freedom of Expression Principles
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Censorship
1
Internet Censorship Circumvention Tools & Strategies
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Surveillance, Surveillance Technologies, Spyware
1
United Nations Plan of Action on the Safety of Journalists and the Issue of Impunity
1
Community Radios
1
Perpetrators
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Conflict Areas: Media Systems, Media Landscapes, Role of Media
1
Crime & Violence Reporting
1
Human Rights Protection & Violations: Media Representation & Reporting
1
Financing Nonprofit Organizations
1
Digital Journalism, Online Journalism
1
Diaspora Media
1
Racism
1
Media Commercialisation
1
Media Concentration
1
Media Viability & Financial Sustainability
1
Public Goods, Commons
1
Sports Reporting
1
Climate Change Communication, Climate Journalism
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Environmental Journalism
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Accountability & Transparency of the Media
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Defamation, Libel, Slander
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Good Practice Examples
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International Media Associations / Organizations
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European Union (EU)
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Reporters Sans Frontièrs
1
Journalism Studies & Research
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Exiled Journalists
1
Freelance Journalists & Media Workers
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Journalists: Trust in Public Institutions
1
Stringers & Fixers (Journalism)
1
News Agencies
1
Photojournalism
1
Election Reporting
1
Media Reporting, Reporting on Journalism & Communication Issues
1
Media Assistance: Implementing Organizations
1
Media Development Indicators
1
Media & Information Literacy
1
Media Landscapes, Media Systems, Media Situation in General
1
Confidential Sources, Whistleblowing, Protection of Journalists' Sources
1
Law, Legislation, Judiciary (General)
1
Law Enforcement, Litigations, Legal Practice, Case Law, Jurisdiction
1
Photographers
1
Populism
1
Research in Media & Communication
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User-Generated Contents
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Language
Document type
Countries / Regions
Authors & Publishers
Media focus
Publication Years
Methods applied
Journals
Output Type
Can Journalists Be Safe in a Violent World?
Journalism Practice, volume 16, issue 9 (2022), pp. 1948-1954
"The safety of journalists is one of the most formidable challenges for press freedom and democracy around the world. The problem is the result of the juxtaposition of various forms of violence that break journalists’ sense of security and autonomy – the ability to control and decide the paramet
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What Will it Take for Newsroom Leaders to Support and Defend Journalists?
Journalism & Communication Monographs, volume 24, issue 3 (2022), pp. 229–232
Understanding Journalist Killings
Journal of Politics, volume 83, issue 4 (2021), pp. 1216–1228
"Why do state authorities murder journalists? We show that the majority of journalists are killed in democracies and present an argument that focuses on institutional differences between democratic states. In democracies, journalists will most likely be targeted by local state authorities that have
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Is There a Global Norm for the Protection of Journalists’ Sources?
In: Regardless of Frontiers: Global Freedom of Expression in a Troubled World
New York: Colombia University Press (2021), pp. 116-142
"People frequently provide journalists with information to report to the public. Some don't want their identity revealed. This chapter is about the rules that protect journalists from being compelled to reveal the identities of such people. It examines wether there is a global norm that journalists'
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Journalist Safety and Self-Censorship
Top Insights
London; New York: Routledge (2021), viii, 210 pp.
"This book explores the relationship between the safety of journalists and self-censorship practices around the world, including local case studies and regional and international perspectives. Bringing together scholars and practitioners from around the globe, Journalist Safety and Self-Censorship p
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Freedom of Expression and the Safety of Foreign Correspondents: Trends, Challenges and Responses
Paris: UNESCO (2021), 16 pp.
"There is a worldwide increase in hostility against journalists who report for external audiences, which especially impedes reporting from conflict areas and on important social and political matters. Some political leaders have sought to discredit and delegitimize both journalists from abroad and l
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Journalism's sharp end: Fatal materiality and the algorithms of profit and political extremism
Observatorio (OBS*) Journal, volume 15, issue 2 (2021), pp. 139-156
"This conceptual paper focusses on two fronts forming a broad assault on journalism, extending from more autocratic settings to include liberal democracies, and leading to what is now widely perceived as a crisis in news. We analyze these two attacks by presenting a framework integrating their sourc
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Safe. Strong. Viable. The Symbiosis Between Media Safety and Media Viability
Bonn: Deutsche Welle DW Akademie (2021), 41 pp.
"The interviews and the analyses by the experts show that: –– Quality content increases safety. The editors interviewed for this publication confirm that fair and balanced journalism, which clearly distinguishes between facts and opinion and treats the people at the center of the story with resp
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The Press-safety Paradox of Democracies: Regime-type Duration and Journalist Killings
Foreign Policy Analysis, volume 17, issue 1, oraa007 (2021), [no pag.]
"Previous research finds that journalist killings are more likely to occur in democracies rather than non-democracies. While these results provide an important first step in exploring regime type's effect on journalist's safety, they assume no variation in how long countries have remained a regime t
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Handbook of Research on Discrimination, Gender Disparity, and Safety Risks in Journalism
Hershey, PA: IGI Global (2021), xxiv, 459 pp.
"Today, a variety of gender-based threats and discrimination continue to characterize journalism. Both male and female journalists are prone to online and offline threats, casual stereotypes in their routine work, and discrimination (especially in terms of job opportunities, promotion, and pay-scale
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Medium-Specific Threats for Journalists: Examples from Philippines, Afghanistan and Venezuela
Journalism Practice, volume 5, issue 1 (2021), pp. 80-98
"Between 2012 and 2016, UNESCO registered 530 deaths of journalists. They also published a statistic showing that television journalists were the most killed, followed by print media, radio and online journalists. Hinted in this statistics is the need to understand the relationship between the mediu
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Media Control and Post-Truth Communication
"The erosion of media freedom is a growing phenomenon. Worldwide, journalists face obstruction, hostility, and violence as powerful political and private actors exercise a repressive influence on the media system. Citing historical and contemporary cases from different geographic regions, this chapt
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Public violence against journalists and media
Sur le Journalisme, About Journalism, Sobre Jornalismo, volume 10, issue 1 (2021), pp. 14-17
"Violence against journalists is nothing new. It has been around in various iterations for decades: harsh criticism of the profession, media headquarters ransacked and destroyed, journalists considered bargaining chips or a means to apply pressure during periods of conflict, or during political, eco
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In the crosshairs: The perils of environmental journalism
Journal of Human Rights, volume 19, issue 3 (2020), pp. 275-290
"Journalists covering environmental issues around the globe are at heightened risk of murder, arrest, assault, threats, self-exile, lawsuits, and harassment because environmental controversies often involve influential business and economic interests, political power battles, criminal activities, an
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Putting lives in danger? Tinker, tailor, journalist, spy: The use of journalistic cover
Journalism, volume 21, issue 10 (2020), pp. 1539-1555
"The Anglo-American intelligence agencies' use of journalists as spies or propagandists and the practice of providing intelligence agents in the field with journalistic cover have been a source of controversy for many decades. This article examines the extent to which these covert practices have tak
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A Mission to Inform: Journalists at Risk Speak Out
Strasbourg: Council of Europe (2020), 149 pp.
"The present study brings together a unique collection of open testimonies from 20 journalists working in different member states of the Council of Europe. Each of these journalists spoke about the risks and pressures they perceived and experienced in exercising their profession, as well as their st
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Shared Responsibility: Safeguarding Press Freedom in Perilous Times. Lessons Learned and New Approaches to Media Safety
Top Insights
Copenhagen: International Media Support (IMS) (2020), 91 pp.
"This report identifies five major challenges for developing national plans for safety of journalists and how stakeholders are tackling them. The points addressed concern gaining engagement around safety of journalists by state actors, uniting and focusing efforts of disparate stakeholders into a du
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Protecting the Safety of Journalists, Protecting Freedom of Expression: A Handbook for EU Delegations
Key Guidance
Brussels: Media4Democracy (2020), 102 pp.
"This Handbook, which provides non-compulsory technical guidance to EU Delegations, aims to provide tools and hands-on examples to support them in implementing the the 2014 'EU Human Rights Guidelines on Freedom of Expression Online and Offline' and in taking actions to support the safety and securi
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