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48
Key Guidance
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Top Insights
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Safety of Journalists, Safety Risks of Media Workers
56
Media Freedom, Press Freedom
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Media Assistance: Freedom of Expression & Safety of Journalists
8
Harassment & Intimidation of Journalists
8
Killings of Journalists & Media Personnel
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Violence Against Journalists & Media Personnel
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Press Freedom & Communication Rights Violations
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Self-Censorship
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Working Conditions of Journalists & Media Personnel
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Journalists Dealing with Risks & Threats, Resilience & Wellbeing of Media Workers
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Freedom of Expression
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Impunity for Crimes Against Journalists & Media Personnel
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War Reporting
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Female Journalists & Media Workers
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Journalism
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Cybersecurity, Digital Safety, Privacy, Right to Privacy
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Editorial Independence
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Exile Journalism, Exile Media
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Conflict Reporting, Armed Conflict Reporting
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Foreign Correspondents
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Media Law & Regulation: International Standards & Practices
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Journalism Concepts & Cultures
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Journalists: Professional Identity & Values
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Safety of Journalists: Law & Public Policies
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Diversity & Pluralism in Media / Communication
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Human Rights Protection
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Right-Wing Extremism
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Police
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Access to Media & Information: Migrants, Refugees, Diasporas
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Access to Public Information, Freedom of Information, Right to Information
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Editorial Independence: Influence of Advertisers
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Civic Engagement, Citizen Participation, Civil Society & Media
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Trust in the Media, Credibility of Media
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Authoritarian Regimes: Media Systems & Landscapes
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Political Cartoons & Comics
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Film Actors, Directors & Producers, Filmmakers
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Chilling Effects (Discouragement of Legitimate Exercise of Legal Rights)
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Freedom of Expression Principles
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Censorship
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Internet Censorship Circumvention Tools & Strategies
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Surveillance, Surveillance Technologies, Spyware
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United Nations Plan of Action on the Safety of Journalists and the Issue of Impunity
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Community Radios
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Perpetrators
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Conflict Areas: Media Systems, Media Landscapes, Role of Media
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Crime & Violence Reporting
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Human Rights Protection & Violations: Media Representation & Reporting
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Financing Nonprofit Organizations
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Digital Journalism, Online Journalism
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Diaspora Media
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Racism
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Media Commercialisation
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Media Concentration
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Media Viability & Financial Sustainability
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Public Goods, Commons
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Sports Reporting
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Climate Change Communication, Climate Journalism
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Environmental Journalism
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Accountability & Transparency of the Media
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Defamation, Libel, Slander
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Good Practice Examples
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International Media Associations / Organizations
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European Union (EU)
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Reporters Sans Frontièrs
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Journalism Studies & Research
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Exiled Journalists
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Freelance Journalists & Media Workers
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Journalists: Trust in Public Institutions
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Stringers & Fixers (Journalism)
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News Agencies
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Photojournalism
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Election Reporting
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Media Reporting, Reporting on Journalism & Communication Issues
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Media Assistance: Implementing Organizations
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Media Development Indicators
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Media & Information Literacy
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Media Landscapes, Media Systems, Media Situation in General
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Confidential Sources, Whistleblowing, Protection of Journalists' Sources
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Law, Legislation, Judiciary (General)
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Law Enforcement, Litigations, Legal Practice, Case Law, Jurisdiction
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Photographers
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Populism
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Research in Media & Communication
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User-Generated Contents
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Language
Document type
Countries / Regions
Authors & Publishers
Media focus
Publication Years
Methods applied
Journals
Output Type
A Mission to Inform: Journalists at Risk Speak Out
Strasbourg: Council of Europe (2020), 149 pp.
"The present study brings together a unique collection of open testimonies from 20 journalists working in different member states of the Council of Europe. Each of these journalists spoke about the risks and pressures they perceived and experienced in exercising their profession, as well as their st
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Threats To Journalism Profession: Negotiations For Efficiency And Safe Practice
Journal of Communication and Media Studies, volume 1, issue 2 (2020), pp. 1-12
"Despite a plethora of threats such as funding, violence, ownership etc., challenging Journalism profession; amateurs who engage in the practice, seem to continually pose more threats. Amateurs arguably exacerbate the spread of fake and misleading information, disinformation, misinterpretation of is
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In the crosshairs: The perils of environmental journalism
Journal of Human Rights, volume 19, issue 3 (2020), pp. 275-290
"Journalists covering environmental issues around the globe are at heightened risk of murder, arrest, assault, threats, self-exile, lawsuits, and harassment because environmental controversies often involve influential business and economic interests, political power battles, criminal activities, an
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Putting lives in danger? Tinker, tailor, journalist, spy: The use of journalistic cover
Journalism, volume 21, issue 10 (2020), pp. 1539-1555
"The Anglo-American intelligence agencies' use of journalists as spies or propagandists and the practice of providing intelligence agents in the field with journalistic cover have been a source of controversy for many decades. This article examines the extent to which these covert practices have tak
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Safety of Journalists Covering Conflict & Sensitive Issues
Conflict & Communication Online, volume 18, issue 1 (2019), 103 pp.
The staging trap: Right-wing politics as a challenge for journalism
Journalism, volume 20, issue 1 (2019), pp. 24-26
Handbook of Research on Combating Threats to Media Freedom and Journalist Safety
Hershey, PA: IGI Global (2019), xxx, 408 pp.
"The Handbook of Research on Combating Threats to Media Freedom and Journalist Safety is an essential reference source that evaluates how diverse threats impact on journalists wellbeing, their right to freedom of expression, and overall media freedoms in various contexts and assesses inadequacies in
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Violence against Journalists
"This entry introduces the concept of violence against journalists and the press. It synthesizes multiple approaches to the phenomenon to create a comprehensive definition, reviews dimensions of violence and the occupational and individual domains in which they create harm, identifies key findings a
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Worlds of Journalism: Journalistic Cultures Around the Globe
Top Insights
New York: Columbia University Press (2019), xi, 434 pp.
"How do journalists around the world view their own function and role in society? Based on a landmark study that has collected data from more than 25,000 journalists in 66 countries between 2012 and 2015, Worlds of Journalism examines the different ways journalists conceive of their responsibilities
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Strengthening Police and Media Relations for the Safety of Journalists and Peaceful, Free and Fair Elections in West Africa
Accra; Copenhagen: Media Foundation for West Africa (MFWA); International Media Support (IMS) (2018), 42 pp.
"The relationship between the media and security agencies, including those in the law enforcement and intelligence services, has always been a delicate one. In the West African context, this relationship is often characterized by frequent clashes, arising from a somewhat startling inability of eithe
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How Journalism Responds to Right-wing Populist Criticism
In: Trust in Media and Journalism: Empirical Perspectives on Ethics, Norms, Impacts and Populism in Europe
Wiesbaden: Springer VS (2018), pp. 137-154
"Right-wing populists often criticise the established media for being untruthful or censoring what critics consider to be important information—for instance, the ethnic background of perpetrators—and for being biased against right-wing populist actors. That hostility towards journalism can be un
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Why there is no culture of journalists’ safety
Australian Journalism Review, volume 40, issue 2 (2018), pp. 9-13
"As I am writing this, the United Nations has counted 68 journalists killed in the line of duty around the world in 2018 (UNESCO, 2018a). That is nothing unusual. From 2012 to 2016, 530 journalists died on the job - an average of two per week. Very few of these are accidental deaths. Some are killed
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Assaults against Journalists: We see the tip of the iceberg
In: The Assault on Journalism. Building Knowledge to Protect Freedom of Expression
Göteborg: Nordicom (2017), pp. 119-128
"The summarised reports in this chapter show that the scope of safety and sacrifice is far greater than each actor alone or their sum can account for. Although the discussion did not offer an investigation into the USA and other mature democracies, it is clear from the survey in the European territo
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World Trends in Freedom of Expression and Media Development: Global Report 2017/2018
Top Insights
Paris: UNESCO (2017), 200 pp.
"We have noted profound transformations in the field of media freedom, which is making progress in certain areas, but losing ground in others. Media freedom is limited in particular by many legal restrictions on the right to impart information and ideas, although progress is being made with regard t
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Freedom of Expression and Violence Against Journalists
Lex ET Scientia International Journal (LESIJ), volume 2 (2017), pp. 118-135
"This study will contain an analysis on the international and regional standards in the field of freedom of expression, as stipulated in the United Nations conventions and in the European Convention of Human Rights. Further we will establish a link between the breach of the freedom of expression whe
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Violence against journalists: Suppressing media freedom
"Freedom of expression is a basic human right that is crucial for respectable governance, human dignity and the application of the rule of law. However, due to the circumstances we are currently facing that include the increase in the rate of violence and crimes, it is seriously essential to provide
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Expanding Influences Research to Insecure Democracies: How Violence, Public Insecurity, Economic Inequality and Uneven Democratic Performance Shape Journalists’ Perceived Work Environments
Journalism Studies, volume 18, issue 5 (2017), pp. 645-665
"Democracies with sharp violence and public insecurity have proliferated in recent decades, with many also featuring extreme economic inequality. These conditions have not been explicitly considered in comparative research on journalists’ work environments, an omission that may obscure important r
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Comparing Journalistic Cultures Across Nations
Journalism Studies, volume 18, issue 5 (2017), pp. 525-535
"Comparative studies of journalism have become immensely popular in recent times, yet a range of methodological and logistical challenges persist in existing work. This introduction to the special issue on “Comparing Journalistic Cultures” provides a brief overview of these challenges, before pr
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Shooting the messengers
British Journalism Review, volume 28, issue 1 (2017), pp. 57-62
"More and more countries are deciding the answer to a bad press is to imprison journalists who dare to report anything that is critical." (Abstract)
The Dangers of Sports Journalism
In: The Assault on Journalism. Building Knowledge to Protect Freedom of Expression
Göteborg: Nordicom (2017), pp. 205-220
"According to The Committee to Protect Journalists, 2 per cent of all journalists killed since 1992 worked on the sports beat. At present, however, we have limited knowledge of the specific dangers faced by sports journalists. This chapter presents findings from exploratory research on 78 reports of
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