"The traditional disaster-response system employed by relief actors in Haiti concentrated on enabling information-sharing among teams of responders from the international community. This system lacked the ability to aggregate and prioritize data that came from outside sources, making it difficult to
...
benefit from valuable information coming from the Haitian community. Ushahidi, an open-source crisis-mapping software first developed and used in Kenya, provided a way to capture, organize, and share critical information coming directly from Haitians. Information was gathered through social media (e.g., blogs, Twitter, and Facebook) and text messages sent via mobile phones. Reports about trapped persons, medical emergencies, and specific needs, such as food, water, and shelter, were received and plotted on maps that were updated in real time by an international group of volunteers. These reports, and associated geographic information, were available to anyone with an Internet connection. Responders on the ground soon began to use them in determining how, when, and where to direct resources. The most significant challenges arose in verifying and triaging the large volume of reports received. Ad hoc but sufficient solutions were found that involved the manual monitoring and sorting of information. The Ushahidi-Haiti Project demonstrated the potential of crowdsourced maps for targeted disaster response, providing a useful foundational model for the international community to leverage and improve upon in advance of future emergencies." (Summary)
more
"Poverty, violence and underdevelopment are the prevailing images of Africa in German history and geography textbooks. Pre-colonial African history, African culture and philosophy are not covered by Eurocentric curricula. Classic and modern western literature is interspersed with stereotypes about A
...
frican people; these stereotypes often pass uncommented by the teachers. As one of the results, students of African descent and their parents commonly experience racism in schools expressed by the fellow students and teachers. The students of African descent are labelled naturally “lazy”, “wild” and “needy”; they are rather expected to excel in sports and music than in science and philosophy, and are undervalued accordingly. In a longitudinal case study, the main project investigates the relationship between the portrayal of Africa in educational context and these racial prejudices. The project anticipates to revise textbooks and curriculum in this regard, to create new un-biased teaching materials on Africa and to test them in real school lessons. The current paper presents the results of an empirical pilot study in a school in Hamburg. A survey conducted with 12-17 year old students in a Hamburg school on their image of Africa showed that they see Africa predominantly as an “exotic” and/or hopeless and violent place; this view is consistent with the one presented in their textbooks. Alongside with these racial stereotypes, students’ answers contained names of their classmates of African descent." (Abstract)
more
"This review from the BBC World Service Trust examines why and how the role of communication can be mainstreamed into programme-based approaches (PBAs), one of the main methods now used by bilateral donors to disburse funding to developing countries. The review, which has been developed in associati
...
on with (but is published independently of) the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida), is intended for three types of audience: communication and media practitioners who work in support of development objectives, or who have a link with the development and aid sectors; donors and developing country policymakers concerned with increasing public understanding and engagement within developing countries with the development system; and country-based organisations that provide technical support and conduct advocacy to prioritise communication and media issues among donors and governments." (Executive summary)
more
"Many Ghanaians do not understand the science of climate change, although they have noticed changes in the weather and seasons. They tell of rising temperatures, extended periods of drought and increasing variability in seasonal rainfall. Most people, however, do not connect these with global climat
...
e change. Changes in climate are not noticed by Ghanaians in isolation from broader environmental changes. People in Ghana are keenly aware of environmental degradation and natural resource depletion. They make little distinction between environmental degradation and climate change. Drought and crop failure are causing frustration and despair. Farmers and pastoralists do not have a sense of how they would cope if the problems became worse. other issues that people are worried about include bush burning, deforestation, flooding, pollution and poor sanitation. opinion leaders are particularly concerned for rural communities and the urban poor. There is a strong tendency for Ghanaians to hold themselves individually and collectively responsible for local changes in the weather. They believe that their own activities, such as cutting down trees and burning the bush, have directly brought about these changes. There is little awareness that climatic problems – now or in the future – are likely to have causes that extend beyond Ghana." (Executive summary)
more
"The Information Economy Report 2010 focuses on the nexus of ICTs, enterprises and poverty alleviation. Whereas the knowledge base needs to grow considerably, the evidence presented in this Report suggests that more attention should be given by policymakers and other stakeholders to this new set of
...
opportunities. The Report is organized into fi ve chapters. Chapter I introduces a c onceptual framework for the analysis that follows. Chapter II reviews recent connectivity and affordability trends to gauge the degree of access and uptake of different ICTs among the poor. Chapter III turns to the role of the poor in the production of ICT goods and services (the ICT sector). In chapter IV, the focus shifts to the use of ICT by enterprises, with emphasis on those that matter most for poor people, namely small and micro-enterprises in urban and rural areas. Finally, chapter V presents the main policy implications from the analysis." (Executive summary, page X)
more
"Dans le cadre africain dit « francophone », les langues locales sont le parent pauvre de la réflexion sur la communication. Pourtant, une majorité d’Africains de ces pays ne maîtrisent pas le français. Les promoteurs (nationaux ou internationaux) de campagnes d’information et de conseil o
...
nt bien été obligés de le constater sur le terrain. Ils font donc doubler leurs discours en français par des traductions improvisées ou non contrôlées en langues africaines. Avec une telle procédure, les concepts un peu délicats sont évacués et les phrases non comprises sont sautées, ou on leur substitue un remplissage quelconque. Le présent ouvrage rend compte d’une recherche menée au Cameroun septentrional avec le soutien de l’Agence nationale de recherche sur le sida et les hépatites virales. On y trouvera aussi bien les résultats d’enquêtes sur la conception et la perception du sida et du préservatif que des études sur les divers discours que tiennent les intervenants du domaine (personnels de santé, hommes d’Église, personnalités islamiques, agences spécialisées). Une attention particulière a été accordée à l’étude d’affiches, de dépliants et de films éducatifs. A titre de contribution pratique, l’ouvrage offre également un guide de communication sur le sida, le texte d’une chanson en langue peule, destinée à populariser un nom du VIH, ainsi qu’une proposition de normalisation du fulfulde véhiculaire du Cameroun." (Dos de couverture)
more
"The Gender, Agriculture and Rural Development in the Information Society (GenARDIS) small grants fund was initiated in 2002 to support work on gender-related issues in information and communications technologies for the African, Caribbean and Pacific regions. GenARDIS recognises the constraints and
...
challenges encountered by rural women, and has disbursed small grants to diverse and innovative projects in order to counter these barriers, to document the process and results, and to contribute to more gender-aware ICT policy advocacy. GenARDIS has supported projects which are as diverse as the countries where they are located. Over the years, GenARDIS has learned from and documented projects such as women’s community radio drama groups, pest control through information access, and using technology to promote women’s inheritance and land rights. Grantees have supported deaf women in Ethiopia to generate their own income through digital photography, and enabled rural mothers to earn additional income for their families because they can market to buyers from outside their community. In some areas, women small farmers are no longer being taken advantage of by the middleman as they now get a fair price for their crops by sending a simple SMS." (Pages 5-6)
more
"The purpose of this document is to highlight cases in which Advocacy, Communication and Social Mobilization (ACSM) interventions have contributed to a positive outcome of tuberculosis (TB) control activities directed to a range of audiences and settings. It is intended for on-the-ground stakeholder
...
s who are interested in successfully integrating ACSM strategies and activities into TB control programming, as well as for decision-makers who can provide greater political and financial support for ACSM activities at the national, sub-national and international level. ACSM is a relatively new technical component within the Stop TB Strategy, but its application is increasing quickly. In recent years, many partners and countries have adopted ACSM models – notably including the engagement of communities and patients in TB care and prevention – with the purpose of expanding the reach of TB programmes in innovative and effective ways. A significant differentiator of ACSM strategies is their focus on patient and community empowerment. This element promotes the integration of community-based programming into the otherwise medical and vertical health service delivery model that has traditionally been employed by TB control programmes." (Introduction)
more
"InterMedia conducted in-depth interviews with senior Kenyan government officials and policy influencers outside government (collectively referred to in this report as policy actors), to find out how they gather, assess, share and disseminate information critical to development policy work. The aim
...
was to understand how external stakeholders, particularly members of the international development community, can most effectively engage and assist these policy actors. The 15 interviewees described several measures that development organizations can take to improve the policy information environment. They also mentioned several challenges in communicating with the public about development issues but also suggested some creative solutions." (Summary)
more
"This chapter explores the relationship between theatre and neoliberal policies in Tanzania. It analyses the consequences of neoliberalism for the Tanzanian theatre and exposes the challenges it faces as a simulacrum of people’s culture. I also present evidence on why it is important, when analyzi
...
ng theatre in Tanzania just before and after independence in 1961, one should take into consideration the influence of internal and international political economies. Using the case of Theatre for Development (TfD), the chapter also deals with the assumption that neoliberal policies have pushed theatre to the periphery and created greater donor dependence." (Page 191)
more
"In describing their understanding of trauma, disaster, and conflict photography, photojournalists in this qualitative study conceptualized abstract experiences using specific types of metaphors. Their metaphors focused on concepts such as violence, bewilderment, and health/affliction. The unique as
...
pect of these metaphors was how they were reflective of aspects of journalism culture and the work of trauma photography. Through a metaphorical analysis of these figurative expressions, I show how metaphors construct a conceptual system of understanding the work of trauma photography and occupational identity, as well as influence the formation of the culture of journalism itself. Understanding this metaphorical picture may add to our knowledge about how traumatic stress injuries are recognized, managed, and aided in newsrooms." (Abstract)
more
"This article analyzes the strategies and the impact of two ‘media movements’ in Latin America — the experiences of civic coalitions working on media policy reform in Uruguay, and advocacy journalism about tobacco control in Argentina — through interviewing the principle actors involved in t
...
hese movements and reviewing the literature relevant to them. Media movements refer to a broad set of civic initiatives to transform media structures, practices, and content. The analysis aims to discuss the goals and tactics of civic actions to promote media democracy. The cases show a critical yet pragmatic sensitivity among progressive actors who use advocacy and legislative mechanisms to catalyze changes in media systems. The article has three implications for the study of global media democracy. First, to assess the impact of media movements, it is necessary to understand the press as a field that ‘refracts’ the influence of external forces. The successes and setbacks of media movements suggest the need to understand the conditions that make the media susceptible to civic efforts. Second, the findings bolster the case for conceptualizing the role of the state as an arena for competing interests struggling to influence media systems. Third, the state remains a crucial actor for media democracy in a globalized world. Key decisions affecting media structures and news content remain closely linked to the state." (Abstract)
more
"Nachhaltigkeit hat Hochkonjunktur – und doch ist das dahinter stehende Konzept längst nicht allen bekannt. In diesem Zusammenhang ist es von Interesse, wie (ausgewählte) Medien das Nachhaltigkeitsleitbild kommunizieren, zur Aufklärung beitragen und Verhaltensänderungen von Konsumenten unterst
...
ützen. Zur Analyse des Ist-Zustands medialer Nachhaltigkeitskommunikation in Deutschland führte Caroline Glathe eine qualitative Untersuchung durch. Sie wertete 34 Fernsehsendungen aus dem Jahr 2009 und 18 Weblogs aus, um die gegenwärtig angewandten Methoden und Formen der Vermittlung aufzudecken." (Verlagsbeschreibung)
more
"The book was written mainly to inform rural development professionals, practitioners and decision-makers in a variety of organisations – from NGOs and farmer associations to government departments and research and educational institutions – about the diverse uses of video in development. Specif
...
ically, it seeks to give decision-makers greater insight into the subject in order to support decisions on the strategic use of video in development. As such, it draws extensively on practical experiences to illustrate the potential of this powerful communication tool for development." (Introduction, page 1)
more
"Deference and dissent strike a delicate balance in any polity. Insufficient deference to authority may incapacitate government, whereas too much may allow leaders to orchestrate mass violence. Although cross-national and cross-temporal variation in deference to authority and willingness to express
...
dissent has long been studied in political science, rarely have scholars studied programs designed to change these aspects of political culture. This study, situated in post-genocide Rwanda, reports a qualitative and quantitative assessment of one such attempt, a radio program aimed at discouraging blind obedience and reliance on direction from authorities and promoting independent thought and collective action in problem solving. Over the course of one year, this radio program or a comparable program dealing with HIV was randomly presented to pairs of communities, including communities of genocide survivors, Twa people, and imprisoned génocidaires. Changes in individual attitudes, perceived community norms, and deliberative behaviors were assessed using closed-ended interviews, focus group discussions, role-play exercises, and unobtrusive measures of collective decision making. Although the radio program had little effect on many kinds of beliefs and attitudes, it had a substantial impact on listeners’ willingness to express dissent and the ways they resolved communal problems." (Abstract)
more