"This is intended to be a "practical" book. It is filled with examples and case studies that illustrate ways that carefully planned and implemented communication interventions have produced positive results. It is also filled with ideas from people who have experienced the challenges of communicatin
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g effectively in development programs. We are indebted to them and I am pleased to provide their ideas - frequentyl in their own words - to th readers of this book, and provide web links to their works. In spinning all of these valuable resources together I have added my own insights based on almost four decades of communication and development experience in countries ranging from Guatemala to Western Samoa, with many other stops in Asia, Africa and Latin America." (Foreword)
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"Participatory Video can contribute to changing the balance of power both within a group and between the group and wider society; it can give space for groups to generate their own knowledge and to facilitate communication with other groups and institutions. To achieve this potential, facilitators a
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nd other project workers need to consider how this transfer of power is managed, and how their own power in the situation can affect the process so that inclusion of socially excluded participants is truly transformative, rather than superficial. All stakeholders need to think about how a project can be rnanipulated to support vested interests and agendas that control rather than empower, as well as about the approach that is needed if they are genuinely cornmitted to hearing frorn socially excluded groups." (Conclusion, page 190)
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"This paper discussed the possibility to improve public communication campaign theory, by making use of data obtained through mass media health communication campaign evaluations. The idea of an ‘engineering’ approach to campaign design, where theory and scientific findings are systematically us
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ed and adopted for practical problems, plays an important role in the discussion [...] In the third part, a sample of 33 evaluation reports for mass media health communication campaigns was analyzed. 32 of these reports have not been published in an scientific journal. The evaluations were conducted in 22 different countries. The analysis of the reports focused on the campaign goals, evaluation outcome measures, research design and methods, and on questions of validity. The findings suggest that theory is not widely and consequently used to inform health mass communication campaigns or their evaluations – with notable exceptions. While there is a large number of outcomes measured, they seem to be taken out of theoretical context. Neither the campaign goals nor the evaluation measures reflect the large number of possible communication strategies that the various communication or behavior-change models and theories imply. Unintended campaign effects were mostly ignored. In very few cases the campaign designers or evaluators make use of an effects model or program logic model. This is one of the areas where I see the possibility of an important improvement. The methodology of campaign evaluation is relatively homogenous across the 33 cases in regards to data collection method. Standardized questionnaires are the dominating data collection instrument. Non-reactive observation or tracking methods are very rare. A surprising two thirds of the evaluations did not use multivariate analysis, and the reliance on self-reports raises questions of reliability." (Summary, page 120-121)
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"This discussion has critically appraised the two training models that universities have employed in their communication for development programmes. These are the development communication and social change approaches. While the former is rooted in sustainable livelihood approaches, the latter is fo
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rmulated on the springboard of public philosophy and social change theories. The discussion has observed that the DevCom approach was specifically designed to deal with developing world problems of underdevelopment, poverty and inequality resulting largely from colonial experiences. On the other hand, the social change model has adapted the DevCom model so as to engineer communication processes that deal with developed societies as well as embrace new media and new social challenges like governance, conflict and human rights." (Page 59)
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"In the UN system, conflicts and contradictions seldom concern the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) as such, but rather the means of achieving them. These differences of opinion about priorities, and about how much and to whom development aid or assistance should be directed, could be explained b
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y analysing the ontological, epistemological and methodological assumptions underpinning the general perspectives in the communication for development (C4D) field. Theoretical changes in the perspective on development communication (modernization, dependency, multiplicity) have also reached the level of policy-makers. As a result, different methodologies and terminologies have evolved, which often make it difficult for agencies, even though they share a common commitment to the overall goals of development communication, to identify common ground, arrive at a full understanding of each other’s objectives, or to cooperate effectively in operational projects. Consequently, it is difficult for development organizations in general and UN agencies in particular to reach a common approach and strategy." (Abstract)
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"[...] this book provides students with an introduction to the theory and practice of Theatre for Development (TfD). Since the 1970s, TfD has established itself as a process through which communities can address issues within their own self-development through participation in theatre practice. From
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its beginnings in sub-Saharan Africa, the Indian sub-continent and Latin America, TfD has now spread across the globe as an effective development strategy. The author examines TfD within the context of evolving development theories and practices, including participatory approaches that encourage individuals and communities to transform themselves from the objects into the subjects of their own development. The book is illustrated with case studies taken from around the world, and from many different development sectors, including health, literacy and voter education." (Publisher description)
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"As part of its initiatives to make Information and Communication Technology (ICT) work for the poor, the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) in collaboration with four countries in east Africa initiated and carried out a joint project on Pro-Poor ICT. The said countries are Kenya, Rwanda, T
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anzania and Uganda. Primarily, the project aims at designing a community-owned network that will empower the poor people especially in rural areas by providing them with reliable and adequate access to ICT resources and facilities. Furthermore, such resources and facilities will be shared among the people in the area to bring down the operational costs hence ensure affordability to the majority without compromising the quality. In the process consultants from each of the four countries were engaged. Each of the consultants were given nearly the same terms of reference (ToR) to see to it that they all deliver uniform research outcomes that are, of course, tailored to the specificities of a given country. In Tanzania, consultants were from the University of Dar es Salaam (UDSM) and the Commission for Science and Technology (COSTECH). A case study for Tanzania was completed in Bugabo Division of Bukoba District in Kagera Region. The area is in the lake zone along Lake Victoria. The population in Bugabo is about 40,000 people (2002 Census). It is proposed to implement a non-line of sight wireless technology network such as Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) to cover the division. The major proposed services to be offered by such a local wireless network are Voice and Data. Since the area does not have adequate coverage of GSM Network services, Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) facility was proposed. Initial investment cost for the entire project was estimated to US$ 84,040 details of which can be viewed in the report. The annual current cost for the first year was estimated to US$ 93,008 and the annual income for the first year of operation was estimated to US$ 258,000. Section four of the report clearly outlines details of the estimates for initial investment cost, current annual cost, income and expenditure." (Executive summary)
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"Drawing on the work of scholars and practitioners such as Augusto Boal, Gloria Anzaldua, and Trinh Minh-ha, these essays advocate oral history and oral history-based performance as means to challenge and expand upon traditional ways of transmitting historical knowledge. The contributors' central co
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ncerns are performative aspects of oral history itself and the theatrical or classroom "re-performance" of oral history. The essays detail classroom and public pedagogies, community-based interventions, processes of developing interview-based performances, and the ethical and political implications of oral history as an embodied form of representation." (Publisher description)
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"As part of a broader analysis of corruption in emergencies, the U4 Anti-Corruption Resource Centre initiated a dialogue on the role(s) of the media. On 30 May 2006, a working meeting held at NORAD offices in Oslo brought together donors, NGOs and journalists, including media practitioners from Sri
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Lanka, Liberia and Nepal. The purpose was to draw on actual case studies to suggest ways in which humanitarian agencies and the media can mutually support responsible coverage of corruption in emergency aid. Recommendations to donors, humanitarian agencies, and both local and international media are presented at the end of this report." (Back cover)
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"The objective of OCHA’s new field information management strategy is to increase support to humanitarian actors by improving the capacity for decision making and analysis through strengthened collection, processing, and dissemination of information. This objective will be met by increasing OCHA
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s IM capacity in Field Offices to strengthen the internal flow and management of information and to provide improved external IM services to its many humanitarian partners. Within the parameters of this strategy, for example: Internal changes include: Mapping and standardizing information flow within OCHA to address the current perception of ‘black holes’ throughout the Office, from which nothing emerges; Standardizing file structures and descriptions so all data can be effectively searched; Introducing a system to regularly and securely back up all field data. External services include: Promoting enhanced information sharing, and providing mechanisms to do so, to improve coordination and analysis; Establishing a minimum standard of products to enhance humanitarian coordination, such as Who Does What Where (W3) databases; Working with partners to standardize, to the extent possible within Agency specific requirements, the collection of data, focusing on geo-referencing and metadata; • Providing database and mapping services to those actors lacking their own capacity." (Page IV)
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"Highlights the relevance of radio in poor communities, its broad applicability to a range of sectoral activities such as health, rights, education, livelihoods, and conflict prevention, and identifies the need to deepen the capacity of radio broadcasters at all levels to conduct effective monitorin
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g and evaluation, so as to begin the process of developing a rigorous information and communication for development evidence base which highlights radio's - and other communications mediums - strategic contribution to the realisation of the Millennium Development Goals." (Executive summary)
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