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Media focus
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Publication Years
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Methods applied
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487
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62
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27
14
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Journals
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71
"Big changes start small": Geschichten von Menschen, die etwas bewegen. Ein Wirkungsbericht
Bonn: Deutsche Welle DW Akademie (2020), 97 pp.
"Die DW Akademie sammelt und dokumentiert die Wirkungen ihrer Projekte auf verschiedenen Ebenen, mit verschiedenen Methoden. Dazu zählen zunächst drei Wege, die heute Standard in der Entwicklungszusammenarbeit sind: erstens angewandte Studien, die neues Wissen über Wirkungen ermöglichen, zweiten
...
s das sogenannte wirkungsorientierte Monitoring, das im Verlauf der Projektarbeit mit den Partnerorganisationen vor Ort durchgeführt wird, und drittens Evaluationen, die von externen Gutachterinnen und Gutachtern erstellt werden. Der vorliegende Band konzentriert sich auf zusätzliche Methoden, um Wirkungen darzustellen: auf Reportagen aus 13 verschiedenen Ländern und auf quantitative Daten, die sogenannten aggregierten Wirkungsdaten, die regelmäßig gesammelt und gebündelt werden. Die aggregierten Wirkungszahlen geben einen numerischen Überblick der Menschen, die durch die Arbeit der DW Akademie erreicht wurden. Hierzu fragt die DW Akademie jedes Jahr bei ihren Partnerorganisationen vor Ort nach. So wurden beispielsweise im Jahr 2018 mit Unterstützung der DW Akademie 9,6 Mio. Menschen in ländlichen Gebieten mit für sie relevanten Informationen versorgt. 26,6 Mio. Menschen haben von den Umstrukturierungen ihrer Staatssender profitiert und erhalten eine vielfältigere und attraktivere Berichterstattung. In dieser Publikation lernen Sie einige Menschen kennen, die hinter den Zahlen der aggregierten Wirkungen stecken. Ihre Geschichten sind nicht repräsentativ für die Gesamtheit der unterstützten Zielgruppen. Sie zeigen aber, welche Ansätze und Lösungswege für einzelne Menschen funktioniert haben und warum." (Einleitung)
more
So, Who is Responsible? A Framing Analysis of Newspaper Coverage of Electoral Violence in Zimbabwe
Journal of African Media Studies, volume 12, issue 1 (2020), pp. 61-74
"This study examines how the 2008 election violence was framed in three mainstream Zimbabwean weekly newspapers – The Sunday Mail, The Independent and The Zimbabwean. It was noted that four frames – the victim, justice and human rights, trivialization and attribution of responsibility frames dom
...
inated the coverage of electoral violence in these three newspapers. The dominance of the trivializing frame in The Sunday Mail privileged the ruling party’s (Zimbabwe African National Union Patriotic Front; ZANU PF) interpretation of electoral violence as inconsequential to the electoral process. Simultaneously, the prevalence of the victim, justice and human rights frames in The Independent and The Zimbabwean newspapers signifies the private media’s obsession with ZANU PF’s alleged electoral malpractices and situates these alleged transgressions within a broad global social justice and human rights trajectory to cultivate the West’s sympathy with the ‘victimised’ opposition." (Abstract)
more
"L’éventail des actions que les partenaires sociaux et les autres acteurs du secteur peuvent mettre en oeuvre pour promouvoir l’égalité des sexes et la diversité est vaste. Il couvre aussi bien des stratégies coordonnées et à long terme que des actions à plus petite échelle qui ont un i
...
mpact direct sur l’organisation du travail. Les bonnes pratiques présentées dans cette publication ont prouvé leur efficacité. Les enseignements tirés de leur mise en oeuvre peuvent servir d’inspiration, voire de référence, dans d’autres contextes nationaux. La production régulière de statistiques et d’analyses qualitatives sur les niveaux de représentation des femmes et d’autres groupes sous-représentés à l’écran et dans les effectifs de l’audiovisuel est des plus importantes. Elle est particulièrement nécessaire afin de suivre les évolutions et d’évaluer l’impact des actions entreprises. Les partenaires sociaux et les autres acteurs du secteur, avec le soutien des institutions publiques, ont un intérêt commun à travailler ensemble à une approche plus systématique de la collecte de données sur le genre dans le secteur audiovisuel au niveau européen. Des outils et des fonds spécifiques doivent également être mis à la disposition des acteurs de l’audiovisuel pour les aider à mettre en oeuvre des initiatives concrètes qui favorisent l’égalité et la diversité sur les lieux de travail, sur les plateaux et dans les studios, et en relations avec le public. Promouvoir l’égalité des chances entre les femmes et les hommes et soutenir une plus large inclusion de profils divers dans les effectifs de l’audiovisuel et sur les écrans sont des actions primordiales aux valeurs européennes. Il y a un intérêt créatif, sociétal et économique à ce que le secteur audiovisuel reflète mieux les réalités de sociétés diverses et changeantes." (Conclusions et perspectives)
more
Internationalizing the Communication Curriculum in an Age of Globalization
London; New York: Routledge (2020), 316 pp.
"This book provides exemplars of how the Communication discipline and curriculum are responding to the demands of globalization and contributing to the internationalization of higher education. Communication as a discipline provides a strong theoretical and methodological framework for exploring the
...
benefits, challenges and meanings of globalization. The goal of this book, therefore, is to facilitate internationalization of the communication discipline in an era of globalization. Section one discusses the theoretical perspectives of globalism, internationalization, and the current state of the Communication discipline and curriculum. Section two offers a comprehensive understanding of the role, ways, and impact of internationalizing teaching, learning, and research in diverse areas of study in Communication, including travel programs and initiatives to bring internationalization to the classroom. The pieces in this section will include research-based articles, case studies, analytical reviews that exam key questions about the field, and themed pieces for dialogue/debate on current and future teaching and learning issues related to internationalizing the Communication discipline/curriculum. Section three provides an extensive sampling of materials and resources for immediate use in internationalization in communication studies; sample syllabi, activities, examples, and readings will be included. In sum, our book is designed to enable communication curriculum and communication courses in other disciplines to be internationalized and to offer different approaches to enable faculty, students, and administrators to incorporate and experience an internationalized curriculum regardless of time and financial limitations." (Publisher description)
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Analysis of Ethiopia’s Hate Speech and Disinformation Prevention and Suppression Proclamation No.1185/2020
Kampala: CIPESA (2020), 4 pp.
"Although the Proclamation has good intentions of curbing hate speech in Ethiopia, it fundamentally restricts freedom of expression online and the right to information. Further, the proclamation has a chilling effect on online and offline rights, which could lead to self-censorship. For instance, jo
...
urnalist Yayesew Shimelis was on April 21, 2020 arrested for allegedly attempting to incite violence by spreading false information contrary to article 5 of the Proclamation and charged by the high court Lideta branch. The government should accordingly repeal or amend the law to ensure that it promotes an online and offline environment that progressively facilitates the enjoyment of free speech and access to information in line with international and regional human rights instruments." (Page 4)
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Combatting COVID-19 disinformation on online platforms
Paris: OECD (2020), 7 pp.
"Disinformation and misinformation about COVID-19 is quickly and widely disseminated across the Internet, reaching and potentially influencing many people. This policy brief derives four key actions that governments and platforms can take to counter COVID-19 disinformation on platforms, namely: 1) s
...
upporting a multiplicity of independent fact-checking organisations; 2) ensuring human moderators are in place to complement technological solutions; 3) voluntarily issuing transparency reports about COVID-19 disinformation; and 4) improving users’ media, digital and health literacy skills." (Page 1)
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Safety of Female Journalists Online: A #SOFJO Resource Guide
Key Guides
Vienna: OSCE Representative on Freedom of the Media (2020), 231 pp.
"Online harassment and abuse against women journalists has become a major hazard to the profession. One that threatens women journalists’ ability to do their jobs. It violates their right to freedom of expression as much as it hampers free and open access to information for all members of society.
...
This #SOFJO Resource Guide formulates an answer to that threat. It aims to assist States and non-State actors across the OSCE region in taking real actions to improve the safety of female journalists online. The practices presented are all examples of ways in which international standards and commitments can be realized. This #SOFJO Resource Guide provides the key actors with a brief selection of the most relevant and achievable steps. Taken together, these steps form an interrelated structure in which women journalists can continue their profession online in a safer manner." (Back cover)
more
Canned Adaptations and International Success of Turkish TV
VIEW Journal of European Television History and Culture, volume 9, issue 17 (2020), 11 pp.
"This article examines Turkish TV series’ recent success as canned programming primarily in newly developed and developing countries in Eastern Europe, the Balkans, the Middle East, South Asia, and South America through close textual analysis of a particularly popular Turkish adaptation, Bizim Hik
...
aye (Our Story) (2017-2019) in comparison with its original, Shameless (2011-). I argue that Turkish series’ emphasis on nostalgic and melancholic narrative frames make them particularly appealing in these regions, as they deal with relatable circumstances of swift and traumatic changes under neoliberalism. However, female protagonists are allowed only a limited range of roles because of the reliance on nostalgia, thus, ultimately serving to re-legitimize patriarchal relations of domination." (Abstract)
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You need a thick skin in this game: Journalists’ attitudes to resilience training as a strategy for combatting online violence
Australian Journalism Review, volume 42, issue 1 (2020), pp. 93-11.
"In recent years, resilience training has been recommended as a way to protect news workers from the impact of reporting on traumatic events. However, do journalists see it as a useful tool in dealing with online abuse and harassment? This article explores Australian journalists’ conceptions of re
...
silience training, via a thematic analysis of interviews, and their concerns about its effectiveness in addressing digital violence. The study adopts an ethics of care framework for understanding the uses of resilience training in journalism education for increasing dialogic interaction with audiences. It finds that while some journalists understand resilience training’s relationship to positive mental health, the majority are not clear about its potential and how it might be taught. Our analysis also reveals normative beliefs about journalists’ need to develop ‘a thick skin’ against interpersonal and coordinated violence online. Overall, the article raises questions about how journalists might be better oriented to not only self-care but also collective care." (Abstract)
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Tackling Disinformation and Infodemics Demands Media Policy Changes
Digital Journalism, volume 8, issue 6 (2020), pp. 855-863
"Disinformation and infodemics have been central for the media policy agenda in most countries and in particular in Europe. Yet, the European Commission has had a soft law approach centralizing obligations to handling information disorder on a content level. This commentary argues that by focusing p
...
rimarily on the content level we miss the bigger picture where disinformation and infodemics are only symptoms of something more important on a media infrastructure level. The commentary suggests that we need to reconsider regulation on the infrastructure level instead that supports the democratic need for better access to verified content by looking at how the current legal structure across regulatory silos is benefitting the exact opposite. Furthermore, the commentary suggests to specifically address influencers (defined by number of followers) in the context of moderation, and lastly suggests that user data is ideally stored and governed outside privately owned companies in Europe in order to benefit users and society at large." (Abstract)
more
"This handbook brings together principles of conflict sensitive journalism with practical strategies for election reporting to explore how media workers can play a role in protecting and promoting free and fair elections. It aims to provide some guidelines that both editors and their journalists can
...
follow as they strategize around ways of reporting on the build-up to elections, what to do on Election Day and how to cover the post-election period." (Purpose of this handbook, page 3)
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Reforming Journalism Education on a Tertiary Level in Afghanistan: Recommendations for a Dual Education Model
Global Media Journal - German Edition, volume 10, issue 2 (2020), 20 pp.
"The importance of journalism’s role in society is beyond debate. Particularly in so-called fragile states, the social responsibility of media and journalism cannot be denied. Journalism education must account for the high level of skills required by journalists, and the ‘mediation’ function o
...
f journalists in fragile states should be conceptualised. Responding to dynamic developments in the Afghan media landscape and the resulting need for high-quality journalism education, this article proposes a reform model for journalism education on a tertiary level in Afghanistan. Based on research as well as a needs and feasibility assessment following the participatory action research (PAR) approach, target models and an implementation plan for educational reform were developed. This provides a potential blueprint for reforms in journalism education in fragile states, which considers social and cultural values and interests in the local context while drawing on the perspective of the outsider. This article presents the results of a project entitled 'Professionalisation of Journalism Education on a Tertiary Level in Afghanistan', which resulted in a manual." (Abstract)
more
Digital Activism, Community Media, and Sustainable Communication in Latin America
Cham: Palgrave Macmillan (2020), xxiii, 358 pp.
"This book brings together academic and activist work on community media, feminist, decolonial, and indigenous perspectives to digital activism, including Free and Open Communication in Latin America. The essays in this collection speak to major changes over the past decade that are reshaping digita
...
l media uses and practices. The case studies presented here question many commonly held assumptions around global media ownership, sustainability, and access relevant to countries beyond Latin American contexts." (Publisher description)
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COVID-19 and the Impact on Freedom of Expression, Access to Information and Freedom of the Media
International Media Support (IMS) (2020), 8 pp.
"This paper is intended to provide IMS departments and colleagues with an overview of the trends and challenges to freedom of expression, freedom of the media and access to information stemming from national governments’ responses to the Coronavirus pandemic. First, the paper look into the general
...
rules established under international human rights law which define requirements for legitimate rights limitations or derogations from the human rights instruments. Then follows a consideration of the most pressing issues pertaining to media such as, inter alia: procedural shortfalls, disinformation, hate speech, troubles in accessing information, and impediments to journalistic freedom. Finally, a conclusion with a listing of likely future trends and suggestions of possible areas of involvement and response strategies for IMS and its local partners." (Introduction)
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Behind Closed Curtains: Disinformation on Messenger Services
Potsdam: Friedrich Naumann Foundation (2020), 30 pp.
"Several studies analysed in this paper show that messenger services facilitate and exacerbate the spread of disinformation. Any solution must make allowances for the complexity with which information spreads. The case studies show that a lack of trust in government is a key factor in the proliferat
...
ion of disinformation, as is an increase in nationalism and its epiphenomena, including racism, sexism and anti-semitism. Additionally, a general loss of trust in journalism poses a problem. The infodemic surrounding the novel coronavirus highlights the urgency of the topic. A nuanced and comprehensive discourse on disinformation is crucial, and it is no longer adequate to discuss disinformation as a problem predominantly concerning social media platforms and politics. Addressing the issue can only be achieved by a society as a whole: we need broad social discourse and cannot outsource the solution to social media companies alone. This paper includes six recommendations designed to provide guidelines for political decisions and as a basis for further discourse." (Executive summary, page 4)
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Lügen, Hass und Desinformation: Lateinamerika in postfaktischen Zeiten
Perspectivas (Heinrich-Böll-Stiftung), issue 6 (2020), 36 pp.
"In Lateinamerika haben Politiker wie Bolsonaro in Brasilien oder Bukele in El Salvador die Präsidentschaftswahlen nicht zuletzt durch ihre Abgrenzung vom politischen Establishment gewonnen, ungeachtet dessen, dass auch sie schon lange zu diesem von ihnen so diskreditierten Politikbetrieb gehören.
...
Einmal im Amt, kämpfen sie mit allen Mitteln darum, ihr Anti-Establishment-Image aufrechtzuerhalten. Dazu gehören auch gezielte Desinformationskampagnen. Mit Verschwörungserzählungen, Fake News, Propaganda, Hasskampagnen oder auch Zensur schaffen sie Feindbilder und schweißen durch Abgrenzung und Ausgrenzung «der anderen» die eigene Basis zusammen. Sie polarisieren und spalten die Gesellschaft, erschüttern das Vertrauen in die staatlichen Institutionen und sichern sich so ihre Macht. Aber nicht nur die Politik weiß sich solcher Desinformationsstrategien zu bedienen. Auch andere Interessengruppen, z.B. aus dem fundamentalistischen religiösen Spektrum, Klimaleugner/innen und Menschen mit sexistischen, homophoben und rassistischen Ansichten, nutzen diese Mechanismen. Auch Schweigen kann ein Mittel der Desinformation sein, trägt es doch zur gesellschaftlichen Normalisierung von Unrecht bei, wie z.B. beim Thema Gewalt gegen Frauen. Unsere lateinamerikanischen Autorinnen – diesmal ausschließlich Frauen – analysieren in der sechsten Ausgabe von Perspectivas, wie solche Mechanismen in Lateinamerika funktionieren und zeigen Gegenmaßnahmen auf. Aus verschiedenen Blickwinkeln berichten sie über Desinformation, fehlende Transparenz, bewusst vorenthaltene Information und Wissenschaftsleugnung." (Vorwort, Seite 2)
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Migration Coverage in Europe’s Media: A Comparative Analysis of Coverage in 17 Countries
Frankfurt am Main: Otto Brenner Stiftung (2020), 56 pp.
"Our analysis shows that the mediated debates about migration in Western and Eastern Europe are more differentiated, and less stereotypical, as often assumed. Indeed, coverage in media outlets in Western Europe feature more positive aspects and speakers compared to the outlets in Central and Eastern
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Europe. However, even in Hungary and Poland – two countries marked by very problematic developments in media policy – the outlets involved in the study offer a complex picture. The migration-critical stance of outlets closely related to the government is contrasted by the complex coverage of independent outlets. The case of Magyar Hírlap may serve as an illustrative example how outlets close to the government – in this case the massive anti-migration campaign of Prime Minister Orbán – ignore professional norms. Indeed, Magyar Hírlap did not include a single migrant or refugee in the total of 301 articles it has published in the study period. The study identifies professional challenges for outlets in other countries. Similar to previous studies, this study shows that migrants and refugees are mostly covered as a large, anonymous group. Rarely are they identified as individuals, and rarely do they speak for themselves. But our study also shows that the majority of articles only vaguely at best indicate context and origin countries of migrants. Neither do they make a clear distinction between refugees with protected status and migrants. Certainly, this remains a challenge, given editorial constraints and incomplete information in everyday practice. However, journalists should strive to make use of the correct definitions especially in countries where governments deliberately use incorrect labels. Taking the very low share of background articles into account as well, media users across Europe may find it hard to come to their own informed conclusions on migrants and refugees." (Discussion, page 48)
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Subversion im Cyberraum: Sicherheit, Freiheit und Resilienz gegen Angriffe im Netz
Stuttgart: Institut für Auslandsbeziehungen (ifa) (2020), 59 pp.
"Die technischen Möglichkeiten der Cyberwelt haben gänzlich neue Potenziale zur Beeinflussung von politischen Präferenzen in anderen Staaten eröffnet. Die Meinungsbildung in offenen Gesellschaften wird zunehmend durch subversive Maßnahmen autoritärer Regime im Internet beeinflusst, wodurch der
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öffentliche Raum Internet stark eingeschränkt wird. In dieser Studie wird untersucht, wie die Resilienz von offenen Gesellschaften gegen Subversion aus dem Cyberraum gestärkt werden kann, ohne dabei die eigenen Grundsätze preiszugeben. Zunächst wird ein Überblick zu den Diskursen über Cyberbedrohungen gegeben, um sich dann auf die Frage nach der gesellschaftlichen Resilienz zu konzentrieren." (Zusammenfassung)
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