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Evaluation findings report: A norms and behaviour change campaign targeting employers of child domestic workers in Ethiopia

Eric Vaughan, Catharine Russell

Altai Consulting; Freedom Fund (2023), 39 pp.

"Child domestic workers (CDWs) in Ethiopia tend to face challenging working conditions with limited access to education. Child domestic work refers to live-in or live-out work done in a household where the child’s biological parents do not reside and which often but does not always include some fo ... rm of remuneration. Child domestic work is common in Addis Ababa as it serves as an entry point into the labour market for girls migrating from rural to urban areas in Ethiopia (Erulkar et al., 2017). Indeed, a recent study estimated the prevalence of domestic work among girls aged 12–17 in Addis Ababa to be 37% (Erulkar et al., 2022). Though domestic work is not necessarily a harmful form of child labour, CDWs in Ethiopia often face mistreatment and abuse from their employers (Population Council and Freedom Fund, 2021). This mistreatment is linked to broader social norms which place CDWs as inferior and less worthy than other members of the household. In an effort to change norms and behaviours towards the treatment of CDWs, the Freedom Fund implemented a norms and behavioural change campaign (NBCC) in 2022. The NBCC targeted employers of CDWs in Addis Ababa. It was funded through the Program to End Modern Slavery, an initiative of the United States Department of State’s Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons and was part of the Freedom Fund’s broader ‘Reducing the Prevalence of Child Domestic Servitude in Ethiopia’ programme. Based on the findings of formative research, the main objectives of the NBCC were to shift norms and behaviours relating to CDWs’ working conditions and access to education. [...] The NBCC reached 57% of employers interviewed during the baseline. Television was by far the main medium through which respondents were exposed to the campaign (95%) followed by online media (13%), physical posters (13%), and community discussions (6%). Using data on recall of campaign materials and participation in campaign activities, respondents were classified into three categories based on level of exposure: no exposure (43%), low exposure (17%), and high exposure (40%). The NBCC’s reach appears to have been uneven as younger respondents, women, and those with more education tended to have a higher level of exposure. Survey findings emphasised the differences in working conditions and access to school between CDWs who are related to their employer and those who are not. Whereas some CDWs are recruited as domestic workers, others are relatives of their employer (for example, a niece) and have been sent by their family to live in Addis Ababa. Those in the first category tend to work longer hours, as reported by their employer (35 per week compared to 24 for those related to their employer) and are less likely to be enrolled in school (25% compared to 75%)." (Executive summary) more

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Sesame Street: A Transnational History

Helle Strandgaard Jensen

New York: Oxford University Press (2023), xii, 274 pp.

"Sesame Street tells the history of how the American show became a global brand. The book argues that because domestic production was not financially viable from the beginning, Sesame Street became a commodity forcefully marketed all over the world. It is based on archival research in seven countrie ... more

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Espacios para leer, crear y crecer: Orientaciones para la puesta en marcha de salas de lectura y expresión artística para la primera infancia

Yolanda Reyes

Bogotá: Centro Regional para el Fomento del Libro en América Latina y el Caribe (CERLALC) (2023), 52 pp.

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Real or fake? Teenagers managing life on screens. The cybersurvey 2023

Adrienne Katz, Aiman El Asam

Youthworks (2023), 43 pp.

"Teens remain enthusiastic about life online: 87% go digital to manage or calm emotions. They relax, chat with friends, listen to music, or find out what they want to know. Most importantly for them, they connect with friends. They also use it to fend off boredom (which ‘can let in anxiety’). Ov ... er 2/3 say, it is ‘my main entertainment’. Around half go online to ‘escape my issues’. 47% feel more accepted when online, while three quarters feel more confident when on a screen. Digital access: 85% have their own phone with wi-fi access. 68% of 11yr olds, 89% of 13 olds and 97% of 15 year olds have their own phone with wi-fi access. The impacts of life on screens: While this is hotly debated amongst adults, here teenagers talk about how time on screens makes them feel. Responses are grouped into four parts: A) Benefits include: ‘feeling closer to my friends through social media 81%, or via gaming, 69%. Three quarters or 75% feel more confident when on a screen. They value creativity, the privacy and autonomy of finding out whatever they want, and the ability to ‘escape my issues’ or access entertainment and relaxation. B) ‘Electronic mood management’ explores how large numbers of teens use technology to manage their emotions. Contrary to popular myths, 80% hardly ever/never feel anxious after spending time on social media. 6% often feel anxious. C) 'Body mage and perception of others’ play a large role in online life: Almost 1 in 4 always or often believe that ‘Other people have a better life than me,’ Almost 1 in 5 say ‘Because of what I see online I’ve often tried to change my body shape’. D) Acceptance: Some feel it is easier to be accepted online or to ‘find people like me’. This is particularly true for young people who are unsure where they fit in, or those with a disability. Accessibility tools are widely used. Identifying who is most at risk: The survey also explores those who are more likely to describe negative impacts such as teens with an eating disorder, or a mental health difficulty; those who worry about life at home, and those with vision or hearing loss, speech difficulties, young carers, children in care and those with other challenges. The findings in this survey remain consistent with our published research. This minority are less safe online then their peers, they are more likely to become anxious or depressed after time online (or offline) and need help to manage their online lives. Alongside experiencing problems and harms online, they tend to be living with offline difficulties, and emotional health concerns. Some report multiple vulnerabilities. For those living with challenges, and dealing with powerful emotions, or without the means to go out for entertainment, the internet plays a different role. It can represent both a refuge and a risk. Being deprived of it can cause deep distress. Belonging and trust, or feeling left out: Boys are more likely to feel a sense of belonging and trust at school, whereas only 1/3 of girls say ‘school is a place where I feel I belong’ and ‘there is an adult I trust at school’. Teens need to feel they can turn to parents or trusted adults if they need to, and that they belong to and are valued in a community and also among friends. Compared to teens who never feel left out, those who do, described more anxiety, were less able to recover when things went wrong online, and were more likely to add unknown people as friends." (Executive summary, pages 4-6) more

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Families and New Media: Comparative Perspectives on Digital Transformations in Law and Society

Nina Dethloff, Katharina Kaesling, Louisa Specht-Riemenschneider (eds.)

Wiesbaden: Springer (2023), xv, 272 pp.

"The open access edited volume addresses children's rights and their ability to act in the digital world. The focus is on the position of children as subjects with their own rights and developing capacities. Their consideration by parents, courts and legislators is critically examined. Aspects of di ... more

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La alfabetización mediática y digital en el curriculum: Propuestas didácticas transformadoras

Rosa García-Ruiz (ed.)

Madrid: Dykinson (2023), 185 pp.

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When Children Draw Gods: A Multicultural and Interdisciplinary Approach to Children's Representations of Supernatural Agents

Pierre-Yves Brandt, Zhargalma Dandarova-Robert, Christelle Cocco, Dominique Vinck, Frédéric Darbellay (eds.)

Cham: Springer (2023), viii, 569 pp.

"This open access book explores how children draw God. It looks at children's drawings collected in a large variety of cultural and religious traditions. Coverage demonstrates the richness of drawing as a method for studying representations of the divine. In the process, it also contributes to our u ... more

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Child Abusing News: Episodic and Thematic Media Framing Adapting the Children Act and UNICEF’s Principles in Bangladesh

Nusrat Jahan, Mehedy Hassan Razib

Athens Journal of Mass Media and Communications, volume 9, issue 2 (2023), pp. 113-130

"The present study is designed to assess the trend of episodic and thematic media framing on child-abusing news and its relation with the adaptation of The Children Act along with UNICEF's reporting principles. With media framing theory this paper executed a quantitative study through content analys ... more

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Histories of Children's Television Around the World
Deep Insights

Yuval Gozansky (ed.)

New York et al.: Peter Lang (2023), viii, 288 pp.

"This edited book based on a collective effort of researchers and professionals dedicated to compile the stories of children's television around the world. With 12 national chapters, the book includes historical accounts of children's television from the following countries: Australia, Brazil, Canad ... more

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Mediensucht in Zeiten der Pandemie. DAK-Längsschnittstudie: Wie nutzen Kinder und Jugendliche Gaming, Social Media und Streaming?

Rüdiger Scharf (ed.)

Hamburg: DAK (2023), 65 pp.

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Juegos, videojuegos y juegos online

Huelva: Grupo Comunicar; Junta de Andalucía, Consejería de Inclusión Social, Juventud, Familias e Igualdad (2023), 31 pp.

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Justiça e primeira infância: Guia de referência para a cobertura jornalística

Rede Nacional Primeira Infância (RNPI); ANDI Comunicação e Direitos (2023), 83 pp.

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Basic Data Children and Media 2023: Current Surveys and Research on Media Use Among Children in Germany

Munich: International Central Institute for Youth and Educational Television (IZI) (2023), 74 pp.

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Medien in der Familie: Tipps für Eltern

Barbara Buchegger et al.

Wien: Bundeskanzleramt; Saferinternet.at (2023), 62 pp.

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State of children in South African media: An analysis of media’s coverage of children in 2022

Musa Oswald Rikhotso

Media Monitoring Africa (2023), 21 pp.

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Digital Transformation in the East Asia and Pacific Region

UNICEF East Asia and Pacific Region (2023), 35 pp.

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Amplifying Children & Young People's Voices Digitally

World Vision; NetHope; Accenture (2023), 57 slides

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Child Protection in Digital Education: Technical Note

Catherine Rutgers (ed.)

UNICEF (2023), 19 pp.

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Professional Practice in Child Protection and the Child's Right to Participate

Asgeir Falch-Eriksen, Karmen Toros (eds.)

London; New York: Routledge (2023), xi, 118 pp.

"This book explains and discusses how a child's right to freedom of expression is upheld through practice and decision-making in Child Protection Services (CPS). Using the right to expression as stipulated in Article 12.2 of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) as a point o ... more

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A guide for community librarians: Reading comprehension and social-emotional skills

Reading Comprehension Interest Group (2023), 49 pp.

"The objective of this guide is to help teachers, volunteer teachers and librarians, and community leaders set up libraries where there are none and promote the use of community libraries that already exist. This guide helps community librarians set up libraries while engaging the full community in ... more

Histories of Children's Television Around the World Deep Insights

Histories of Children's Television Around the World
Deep Insights