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Legislación y políticas públicas en Argentina, Chile, Uruguay, Perú, Colombia, México y Brasil, para la protección de niños, niñas y adolescentes en los servicios de comunicación audiovisual

María Capurro Robles, María José Guembe

Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung (FES) (2022), 40 pp.

"1. En términos generales los derechos de los niños, niñas y adolescentes se encuentran adecuadamente consagrados en los marcos regulatorios, sin embargo, faltan medidas concretas para hacerlos efectivos. En muchos países los derechos se reconocen en la legislación, pero luego se desvirtúan a ... more

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Mapping the nexus between media reporting of violence against girls: The normalization of violence, and the perpetuation of harmful gender norms and stereotypes. Evidence review

Lorena Fuentes, Abha Shri Saxena, Jennifer Bitterly

UNICEF; UN Women (2022), 66 pp.

"It finds broad consensus across the literature that mainstream news media outlets tend to make use of harmful tropes and stereotypes when reporting on cases of gender-based violence, and that this contributes to the normalization of violence and perpetuation of discriminatory gender norms and stere ... otypes. The key modalities considered in the scholarly literature relate to the visual and textual features of news stories, and the sourcing practices used by journalists. Studies highlight a tendency for mainstream news reporting to mirror and reinforce the dynamics that contribute to gender-based violence in the first place, such as victim blaming, decentring the responsibility of perpetrators, and deploying stigmatizing or sensationalizing language that draws upon harmful gender norms and stereotypes about women’s and girls’ ‘appropriate roles’. Overall, the effect of these reporting modalities is to direct the public’s attention towards the behaviour and actions of victims and to suggest that the transgression is in the violation of a gender norm, rather than in the exercise of violence. Evidence from the scholarly literature also highlights that incidents of gender-based violence are largely reported as episodic events or independent incidents of crime, that such reports deploy language that blames the victim by suggesting that she violated established or expected gender norms and rules, and that the level of sensationalism or ‘shock value’ in the case determines its ‘newsworthiness’. Evidence also suggests that reporters still largely neglect to include inputs from gender-based violence, women’s rights or child protection experts. Subsequent sections dig deeper into the evidence of the nexus between news media reporting of violence against girls and the normalization of that violence. This involves analysing some of the more common tropes and stereotypes that circulate in relation to victims and perpetrators, and providing illustrative examples of how these shape interpretations of gender-based violence and its victims. These tropes and stereotypes are also shaped by vectors of intersectional discrimination across regional contexts, and evidence highlights that media reports play a crucial role in reinforcing hierarchies by differentiating between ‘types’ of victims (where some victims matter, or matter more than others). Significantly, from the age analysis perspective, evidence from media reports also indicates that there is often an ‘expiration date’ after which girl victims may not ‘count’ as children. Specifically, sexualization in news media coverage of cases of gender-based violence can function as a mechanism to portray adolescent girls as adult women, and thus to obscure not only the gender dimension but also age-based rights violations at play. Notably, while this review identifies a burgeoning literature analysing the dynamics of media reporting on gender-based violence against women and how these relate to the perpetuation of discriminatory gender norms and stereotypes, there is a concerning gap in similar scholarly literature analysing these dynamics in relation to girls. Specifically, while there is a rich body of literature that includes gender and intersectional analyses of media reporting of gender-based violence, research that centres the age-related lens and analysis alongside the gender lens is relatively thin or nascent. The final section spotlights the range of existing frameworks and guidelines for promoting more gender- and age-sensitive as well as victim-/survivor-centred reporting. It notes that, while there is a relatively clear path forward in terms of what needs to be done to drive positive change, a pressing gap remains in how to incentivize and ensure uptake and implementation of these frameworks and strategies for more responsible reporting of GBV within and across media organizations and among media practitioners. This section leverages insights from stakeholders, as well as the literature, to flag additional ‘enablers’ that may be key to unlocking the potential within these existing frameworks. These include dynamics that may have more or less impact at scale, including the values and commitments of individual journalists, networks of feminist journalists and gender editors, the presence of strong feminist and women’s movements that mobilize civil society in response to cases of violence and push for greater accountability from the state and media organizations, and advocacy and engagement with local news organizations and media practitioners by international organizations. Reflecting on the evidence, the review concludes by suggesting that achieving the kinds of changes needed to enable more gender- and age-sensitive reporting will require a combination of formal and informal mechanisms, strategies, and long-term efforts and investments. These need to acknowledge that, even though gender norms and stereotypes are ‘sticky’ and take time to change, the vast sphere of influence of news reporting, and of the media more broadly, means that it presents a tremendous opportunity and entry point for catalysing positive changes in how gender-based violence against girls is represented, and thus how we as a society interpret and respond to it." (Overview, pages 7-8) more

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TIC Kids Online Brasil: Pesquisa sobre o Uso da Internet por Crianças e Adolescentes no Brasil 2021;ICT Kids Online Brazil: Survey on Internet Use by Children in Brazil

Núcleo de Informação e Coordenação do Ponto BR

São Paulo: Comitê Gestor da Internet no Brasil (2022), 245 pp.

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Frau Lehrerin, das, was du sagst, ist rassistisch! Wie Pädagogik und Medien Alltagsrassismus begegnen können

Maya Götz, Manda Mlapa (eds.)

München: Internationales Zentralinstitut für das Jugend- und Bildungsfernsehen (IZI) (2022), 305 pp.

"Deutschland ist insbesondere bei den Kindern und Jugendlichen ein Land mit einer Vielfalt an natio-ethno-kulturell-religiösen Hintergründen. Vier von zehn unter 18-Jährigen (39%) haben einen Migrationshintergrund und, insbesondere wenn sie einen dunklen Hautton haben, erfahren Alltagsrassismus. ... more

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Media Literacy for Young Children: Teaching Beyond the Screen Time Debates

Faith Rogow

Washington, DC: National Association for the Education of Young Children (2022), xi, 159 pp.

"This book is a first-of-its-kind guide for pre-service and currently practicing teachers and child care professionals looking for pedagogically sound and developmentally appropriate ways to help today’s children navigate their media-rich world with confidence, curiosity, and critical thinking. De ... more

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Lessons from France on the Regulation of Internet Pornography: How Displacement Effects, Circumvention, and Legislative Scope May Limit the Efficacy of Article 23

Neil Thurman, Asmik Nalmpatian, Fabian Obster

Policy & Internet, issue 1 (2022), pp. 1-21

"In 2020, the French Parliament passed an amendment that put the country at the forefront of attempts by democratic states to restrict young people's access to legal online pornography. This study examines the necessity for and potential efficacy of the amendment, Article 23, through a comparative a ... more

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Child online protection in sports

Geneva: ITU (2022), 5 pp.

"The intention of this Brief is to support sports organizations – clubs and associations at both the grassroots and professional levels – to better protect children online. It aims to help: – Develop a dedicated child online protection strategy and policy, which can be integrated into existin ... more

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Still invisible and still not heard: An analysis of 2021 media coverage of children

Musa Oswald Rikhotso

Media Monitoring Africa (2022), 22 pp.

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Parenting Generation Screen: Guiding Your Kids to Be Wise in a Digital World

Jonathan McKee

Colorado Springs (CO): Focus on the Family Publishing (2021), 196 pp.

"Prioritizing connection over correction, 'Parenting Generation Screen' is a guide for parents that will equip you with key questions and conversations to help you process screen limits with and for your kids. You’ll learn how to dialogue in meaningful ways about social media, entertainment, and s ... more

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Refuge and Risk: Life Online for Vulnerable Young People

Adrienne Katz, Aiman El Asam

London: Youthworks; Internet Matters (2021), 38 pp.

"Young people’s behaviour online is influenced less by rules about online safety than about how they feel. It is influenced by emotional needs, pre-existing vulnerabilities and the support around them. Implications for professionals 1. These messages from young people can help those working in ser ... more

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Buchmarkt China 2020

Buchinformationszentrum (BIZ) Peking (2021), 58 pp.

"Dieser Bericht besteht aus drei Teilen. Im ersten Teil finden sich Informationen über den chinesischen Bucheinzelhandel im Jahr 2020, auf Basis einer im Januar 2021 veröffentlichten Marktanalyse von Open Book. Der zweite Teil enthält Branchenstatistiken der chinesischen Regierungsbehörden, die ... more

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Deviance from the Ethical Standard of Reporting Child Sexual Abuse in Daily Newspapers of Bangladesh

Asibul Islam Anik, Muhammad Ibrahim Ibne Towhid, Syed Shariful Islam, Md. Takit Mallik, Shabnam Azim, Md. Golam Rahman, M. Atiqul Haque

Humanities & Social Sciences Communications, issue 8: 200 (2021), 11 pp.

"This study revealed that more than 40% of news stories on child sexual abuse (CSA) cases did not follow the ethical standard of reporting. Episodic CSA cases were more unethically reported in newspapers, compared to the thematic stories (42.8% vs. 11.6%). Approximately 37% of news stories disclosed ... more

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Informe ejecutivo del estudio Infancia y medios audiovisuales: Apropiación, usos y actitudes

Bogotá: Comisión de Regulación de Comunicaciones (CRCOM) (2021), 71 pp.

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Policy guidance on AI for children

Virginia Dignum, Klara Pigmans, Steven Vosloo, Melanie Penagos

New York: UNICEF (2021), 59 pp.

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Giga: Empowering communities in Asia and the Pacific through school connectivity

Geneva: ITU (2021), ix, 92 pp.

"Giga, a joint collaboration between ITU and UNICEF, is an initiative to connect every young person in the world to information, opportunity and choice. Devised before the onslaught on COVID-19, the project addresses the underlying inequities in access to the Internet. However, it is also a platform ... for creating the infrastructure necessary to provide digital connectivity to an entire country, for every community and for every citizen. With schools as a focal point, Giga seeks to build robust digital ecosystems, so communities everywhere can cope with shocks such as COVID-19 and ensure that no one is left behind. To achieve this goal, Giga builds on four pillars: map, finance, connect, empower. Map. Mapping of schools helps identify the connectivity problems and gauge the magnitude of the challenge in each country. Top-down and bottom-up approaches to mapping school connectivity support this endeavour [...] Connect. There are various infrastructure and technology solutions available that could bring affordable connectivity to the unconnected schools identified by the mapping exercise, including established technologies such as Wi-Fi, satellite, and fibre [...] Finance. The selection of appropriate financing mechanisms depends on the magnitude of the challenge. The costing analysis can only take place after mapping connectivity gaps and determining fit-for-purpose connectivity solutions. Government budgets or universal service funds (USFs) could address small- to medium-sized connectivity gaps [...] Empower. Bringing connectivity to schools will have a limited impact if e-learning solutions are not in place and if educators do not have the digital skills to empower learners. There are many case studies from Asia and the Pacific of initiatives that aim to empower digital learning [...] Giga has made significant progress since its launch. It is already active in 17 countries in three regions. Countries in Asia and the Pacific are next to join the Giga initiative. Several countries have expressed interest, including Bhutan, Pakistan, Mongolia, Bangladesh, Papua New Guinea, Vanuatu and Fiji. Each country has its own opportunities and challenges in terms of extending connectivity. The review of policies, regulatory environment, school connectivity initiatives and availability of connectivity data in potential Giga countries and the assessment of use cases strongly indicate that there is significant promise for the expansion of Giga in the region." (Executive summary, pages vi-vii) more

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Can media campaigns change attitudes and spark actions to reduce early child marriage? Impact evaluation of breakthrough’s early marriage campaign in Jharkhand and Bihar states of India

Raghunathan N., Leena Sushant, Siddhi Mankad

New Delhi: International Initiative for Impact Evaluation (3ie) (2021), vi, 45 pp.

"A clustered randomized trial in two states of India examines alternate strategies to reduce child marriage, increase girls' education and change gender attitudes. GPs were randomized into four treatment and one control group in a 1:1:1:2:2 ratio. The GP level intervention from November 2012 deliver ... ed to treatment groups i) A Full Package, comprising mass-media, training and community mobilization programs; ii) a Training Package comprising a combination of mass media and a training program at the block level; iii) a Community Mobilization Package comprising a combination of mass-media and a community mobilization program; iv) and an only Mass Media program. Data from 2,542 households seven years after the start of the program shows that the intervention made significant improvements in impact indicators on girls' education and incidence and age at marriage. As compared to the control GPs, the Full Package intervention increased the age at marriage for girls aged 13-25 on an average by 6.5 months and their education by 9 months. The Full Package also increased the percentage of girls enrolled in school by an additional 9% over the level that control group achieved (92% in Full Package vs 83% in Control Group). The program impacts were similar after controlling for stratification and other household and GP level characteristics. We found that the intervention made an outcome indicator - gender attitudes - more progressive; GP with Full Package had a 0.407 standard deviation (equivalent to approximately 16%) higher gender attitude index than control GPs (p < 0.01). The measure of attitudes is an index of aggregated indices on gender equality, education, marriage, mobility and knowledge. Attitude change was larger for education and mobility indices. For example, the households in the Full Package had 0.26 and 0.33 standard deviations more positive attitude towards girls’ education and mobility than control GPs. We did not find any significant effect on attitudes pertaining to marriage and girl’s work and responsibility. There is little change in norms related to gender roles within the home and education has mostly been perceived as a vehicle for better management of the home, rather than for empowering women to work and be independent." (Summary) more

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Guía de prevención con perspectiva de género sobre los usos problemáticos de las TIC en niños, niñas y adolescentes

Silvina Monteros Obelar (dir.)

Centro de Igualdad de la Zubia (2021), 131 pp.

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Trabalho Infantil: Guia para a Cobertura Jornalística

Brasília: Organização Internacional do Trabalho (OIT); Ministério Público do Trabalho (MPT); ANDI Comunicação e Direitos (2021), 70 pp.

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Mobile Training Center: Closing the Digital Divide for Marginalized Youth. Skills to Succeed Bangladesh

Save the Children (2021), 2 pp.

"The opportunity for further growth in the ICT sector by leveraging the sizeable youth workforce, including females, is immense. The Skills to Succeed program in Bangladesh helps vulnerable youth (ages 15-24), living in slum communities, develop employability, ICT technical and entrepreneurship skil ... ls, and provides job linkage services to prepare them to obtain decent work in the ICT & Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) value chain, from which marginalized youth have traditionally been excluded. Since 2017, 10,800 youth have received employability skills training (41% female). Additionally, 6,810 youth have received vocational training in ICT and 2,730 entrepreneurship training. Of these, 3,117 youth have been placed in jobs and 504 in self-employment. One of the key learnings from the S2S program in Bangladesh is that, in order for youth to be more likely to advance in the ICT sector, where technology leaps forward at a fast pace, they need to become lifelong learners and, ideally, develop technology skills at an earlier age. This is why the S2S program is expanding to reach marginalized in-school and out-of-school very young adolescents (ages 10 to 14) to build their life skills, growth mindset and digital skills so they are able to continuously learn, adapt and be prepared to take advantage of the jobs of the future. An innovative approach for providing access to the internet and build the digital skills of to the most marginalized adolescents and youth in Bangladesh, particularly girls, is the use of a Mobile Training Center (MTC). The MTC moves around Chattogram to provide skills training to adolescent girls and boys at their doorsteps. The MTC has one technical instructor and two life skills trainers. These instructors facilitate a 24-hour training on life skills and growth mindset, and a 24-hour training on digital literacy and citizenship. The MTC is set up in a large bus, it is equipped with 15 laptop computers, internet connection, and furniture to facilitate trainings. Internet access is provided through 3G/4G portable Router Access Points. Service is procured from high quality mobile network service providers in Bangladesh, such as Grameen Phone or Robi, with whom the program has corporate agreements. By meeting adolescents close to their homes and communities, the MTC will overcome common participation barriers for marginalized and vulnerable adolescents, such as personal safety and the time and cost of traveling to training centers. These barriers frequently prevent girls from pursuing or completing trainings." (Pages 1-2) more

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Practicing critical media literacy education with/for young migrants: Lessons learned from a participatory action research project

Hemmo Bruinenberg, Sanne Sprenger, Sanne Omerovic, Koen Leurs

International Communication Gazette, volume 83, issue 1 (2021), pp. 26-47

"To what extent can critical media literacy education acknowledge and strengthen young migrants’ resilience? In this article, we evaluate the Netherlands-based participatory action research project Critical media literacy through making media. Gathered empirical data include participant observatio ... more