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Media Control, Colonialism and the Making of an Authoritarian Postcolonial African State: The Case of Botswana

Sethunya Tshepho Mosime

African Journalism Studies, volume 36, issue 2 (2015), pp. 45-58

"Observing the emergence of public service broadcasting on the eve of colonialism in Botswana (early 60s to early 2000s), the central thesis of the article is that the roots of control of the media in contemporary Botswana can be traced to British anxieties about the possibility of a nationalist rev ... more

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Media, Revolution and Politics in Egypt: The Story of an Uprising

Abdalla F. Hassan

London: Tauris;Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism (2015), 276 pp.

"The Story of an Uprising examines the political and media dynamic in pre-and post-revolution Egypt and what it could mean for the country's democratic transition. We follow events through the period leading up to the 2011 revolution, eighteen days of uprising, military rule, an elected president's ... more

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Clandestine and Other Target Broadcasts

In: World Radio TV Handbook: The Directory of Global Broadcasting 2016

Oxford: WRTH Publications (2015), pp. 508-515

"Clandestine broadcasts are politically-motivated broadcasts produced by groups opposed to the government of the target country. Other target broadcasts can be produced by either governmental or non-governmental organisations and are targetted at zones of regional or local conflict." (Page 508)

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Analysing the Scope and Influence of China’s International Media in Sub-Saharan Africa

Elisabet Helander

[author] (2014), 31 pp.

"In a pilot field study, conducted in February 2014 in Kenya and Uganda, news journalists reflected on the use of and interest in the Chinese international media offered in East Africa at the moment. An earlier survey, done in 2009, showed that Kenyan journalists emphasized several factors that play ... a role for their independence, such as their collective professional status and media owners’ financial and political interests. What foregrounds in this context, is the media organizations’ manipulation of news in favour or disfavour of various interests. The field study found that a pluralist media in itself does not guarantee a coherent debate based on factual information (Helander, 2010). Building on this analysis of the media in East Africa, my current research seeks to investigate the role of China’s international media in the local media system. China Central Television and China Radio International have their regional base in Nairobi, and work in close cooperation with the government led Kenya Broadcasting Corporation. The study has found that politically sensitive issues, which can have negative economic repercussions for China and the host country, are barely covered by Xinhua News. The correspondents at CCTV, CRI and China Daily Africa apply a cautious approach to the reporting of some important stories (Interview in Nairobi 14-02-10). Because China’s initiative in media is state-led and thereby less independent, these communication channels have yet to gain credibility among the media practitioners. However, the field study conducted in Nairobi and Kampala in February 2014, points to anther other question regarding the current efficacy, or popularity, of the Chinese news sources. The interviews gave cause to doubt the importance of perceived credibility of the content, to rather stress the question of whether Chinese international media is interesting. Both the framing, and the choice of news stories, were deemed by interviewees using the words boring, uninteresting or lacking political news value. After further interviews with media practitioners were conducted in Johannesburg and Nairobi in December 2014, a more varied view of Chinese news sources transpired. The opinions within the population of journalists in South Africa and Kenya ranged from trust and interest to very poor trust and complete disinterest, in reports from Chinese news sources." (Pages 1-3) more

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Supporting Internet Freedom: The Case of Iran

Sherry Ricchiardi

Washington, DC: Center for International Media Assistance (CIMA) (2014), 24 pp.

"The aim of this report is not to question the value of supporting Internet freedom in closed societies such as Iran. Rather, the intent is to provide a picture of how difficult it is to achieve progress in such countries. In times of tightening budgets for media development work, it is worth consid ... more

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The “politicization” of Turkish Television Dramas

Kumru Berfin Emre Cetin

International Journal of Communication, volume 8 (2014), pp. 2462-2483

"Turkish television has undergone a distinctive transformation since the early 2000s in which new regulations, rapid market growth, and political pressures have interacted with and transformed each other. As Turkey set new records in 2013 for the highest number of journalists arrested worldwide, tel ... more

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Microblogs in China: Bringing the State Back In

Nele Noesselt

Hamburg: GIGA German Institute of Global and Area Studies (2013), 26 pp.

"This paper reflects the adaptation and transformation of the Chinese party-state's government strategy in the digital era. Through a discourse analysis of the current Chinese debate on the role of microblogs in China, it argues that China's political elites have revised their social management stra ... more

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A Quiet Opening: North Koreans in a Changing Media Environment

Nat Kretchun, Jane Kim

Washington, DC: Intermedia (2012), 88 pp.

"For more than half a century, North Korea’s leaders have relied on a domestic media monopoly to control what information North Koreans can access and how narratives around that information are presented. But the situation on the ground is changing, thanks in large part to North Koreans’ expandi ... more

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National Web Studies: Mapping Iran Online

Richard Rogers, Esther Weltevrede, Sabine Niederer, Erik Borra

Philadelphia: Annenberg School for Communication, Center for Global Communication Studies (CGCS) (2012), 25 pp.

"Instead of defining a priori the types of websites to be included in a national web, the approach put forward here makes use of web devices (platforms and engines) that purport to provide (ranked) lists of URLs relevant to a particular country. Once gathered in such a manner, the websites are studi ... more

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Country Case Study: Syria. Support to Media Where Media Freedoms and Rights Are Constrained

Maha Taki

London: BBC Media Action (2012), 20 pp.

Examining the media of one of the world’s most censored societies, this report finds that the Syrian media is under increasing threat but identifies growing use of new media to circumvent old restrictions.

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Responding to an Activist Public: Hangzhou Press Office Rethinks its Role

Hugo de Burgh, Zengole Rong, Mi Miao

Media, Culture & Society, volume 34, issue 8 (2012), pp. 1013-1027

"In China as elsewhere, netizens have made new demands upon government and challenged conventional media to respond to popular concerns. Established approaches to controlling the media may be otiose; Party leaders are stressing the value of cooperation rather than confrontation and calling for a new ... more

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Support to Media Where Media Freedoms and Rights Are Constrained: What Works and Why? Global Synthesis Report

Mary Myers

London: BBC Media Action (2012), 32 pp.

"This report addresses the challenges of supporting independent media in countries where media freedoms are restricted, based on country case studies in Bangladesh, Cambodia, South Sudan, Syria and Uganda. According to Myers, the dilemmas of foreign support include short-term donor strategies, the l ... more

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Media Policy Paradigm Shift in Turkey: Rethinking Neo-Authoritarian Media Systems in the Age of Neo Liberalism

Serhat Ahmet Kaymas

Acta Universitatis Danubius. Communicatio, volume 5, issue 1 (2011), pp. 40-69

"This article has aimed to open a discussion on the rethinking a neo authoritarian media system in the age of neo liberalism as a case of Turkey’s media experiences. In this context, this study deals with the media policy paradigm shift in the Republic of Turkey since 1980s. According to a recent ... report of the European Journalism Centre (2010:4); although in the wake of a recent democratization wave in the country, there have been some positive elements in the media such as sporadic emergence of some critical perspectives even in some notoriously biased media outlets, which may change this bleak picture, the structural factors which shape the media practices (ownership concentration, working conditions of the journalist, etc) are too rigid and therefore it is too early to become optimistic. In this context, some aspects of these democratization processes are taken from the candidacy of European Union. Despite these positive developments in the doorstep of the European Union, Turkey’s media experience is heavily based on ownership structure and journalistic routines are far away from the democratic media system. Therefore, Turkey’s media experiences are characterised as a sample of neo authoritarian media system with ongoing media policy transformations, for instance privatization of media companies as much as possible, breaking monopolies and the fundamental change of the public broadcasting service is in the context of media policy. This observable change depends on the two overlapping development in Turkey’s democracy. On the one hand, the landscape of national media spaces has been affected by the political and economical conditions; especially after the two financial crashes (in 2000 and 2001) Turkey’s media has followed a re-structure by means of ownership and control. On the other hand, Turkey’s media experiences have been affected by governmental changes. Before the economic crises Turkey’s democracy was governed by a coalition and after the economic crises Turkey’s government changed by the national elections in 2002. Thus this article seeks to answer two interrelated questions: Where does press freedom stand in Turkey decades after the Justice and Development Party’s policies began? And what does Turkey’s media transformation tell us about our understanding of mass political media systems? In this study by using comparative analysis, and incorporating political science literature that offers typologies of non democratic systems of governance, this article demonstrates that contemporary Turkey’s media find much in common with authoritarian regimes across the world and are not sui generis as some have argued." (Abstract) more

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Contesting Mainstream Media Power: Mediating the Zimbabwe Crisis Through Clandestine Radio

Dumisani Moyo

In: Radio in Africa: Publics, Cultures, Communities

Liz Gunner; Dina Ligaga; Dumisani Moyo (eds.)

Johannesburg: Wits University Press (2011), pp. 49-62

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Una cartografía de la blogósfera cubana: Entre «oficialistas» y «mercenarios»

Ted Henken

Nueva Sociedad, issue 235 (2011), pp. 90-109

"Pese al clima –por momentos agobiante– de polarización, en Cuba ha emergido una variedad de blogs y de blogueros que buscan sobreponerse a las dificultades políticas y materiales. Más allá de los adjetivos con que cada «bando» busca descalificar a los otros, en los últimos años la exten ... more

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How to Make Twitter Available in North Korea

Devabhaktuni Srikrishna, Rajeev Krishnamoorthy

Federation of American Scientists (2011), 8 pp.

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The Globalization of Chinese Television: The Role of the Party-State

Hong Zhang

International Communication Gazette, volume 73, issue 7 (2011), pp. 573-594

"China’s television sector has undergone rapid transformation since the country’s reform and opening-up in the late 1970s. This article presents the main results of a recently completed PhD project, aiming to understand the role of the Chinese party-state in this transformation. The project supp ... more

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Buch und Lesen in der DDR: Ein literatursoziologischer Rückblick

Dietrich Löffler

Bonn: Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung (bpb) (2011), 440 pp.

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Central and Eastern European Media Under Dictatorial Rule and in the Early Cold War

Olaf Mertelsmann (ed.)

Frankfurt am Main et al.: Peter Lang (2011), 233 pp.

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Reincarnating Clandestine Radio in Post-Independent Zimbabwe

Dumisani Moyo

Radio Journal: International Studies in Broadcast & Audio Media, volume 8, issue 1 (2010), pp. 23-36

"This article analyses the re-emergence of clandestine radio in post-independence Zimbabwe, and how it has become an important tool for disseminating alternative viewpoints in an environment where democratic communicative space is restricted. The article focuses specifically on SW Radio Africa, one ... more