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159
Key Guidance
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Top Insights
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Topics
Authoritarian Regimes: Government Communication Strategies
69
Authoritarian Regimes: Media Systems & Landscapes
61
Independent & Oppositional Media in Authoritarian Regimes
47
Digital Media Censorship, Control & Filtering, Internet & Social Media Censorship
33
Media Freedom, Press Freedom
22
Surveillance, Surveillance Technologies, Spyware
18
Media / Communication Control
14
Authoritarian Regimes, Dictatorships
13
Press Freedom & Communication Rights Violations
12
Exile Journalism, Exile Media
11
Censorship
11
Digital Activism, Cyber Advocacy
10
Russia-Ukraine War <2014-
10
China: Transnational Information Operations, International Broadcasting, Public Diplomacy
10
Media Landscapes, Media Systems, Media Situation in General
9
Clandestine Radios
8
Government Propaganda
8
Foreign Disinformation, Foreign Information Manipulation Operations, Foreign Propaganda
8
Democracy / Democratization and Media
8
Political Communication
8
Propaganda
8
Media Assistance: Authoritarian Countries
7
Democratization & Digital Media / Social Media
7
Disinformation, Misinformation, Fake News
7
Russia: Foreign Information Operations, International Broadcasting, Public Diplomacy
7
Protests, Protest Movements, Protest Reporting & Media Representation
7
Politics and Media
7
Political Transition and Media
7
Samizdat
6
Freedom of Expression Online, Internet Freedom
6
Taliban
6
Civic Engagement, Citizen Participation, Civil Society & Media
5
Media Use, Media Consumption
5
Internet Censorship Circumvention Tools & Strategies
5
Self-Censorship
5
Social Media
5
Journalism
5
Socialist Media Systems
5
Human Rights Violations
5
Authoritarian Regimes: Transnational Repression
4
War Propaganda, Propaganda in Conflicts
4
Telegram
4
Twitter & Microblogs
4
YouTube
4
COVID-19 Communication
4
Foreign Correspondents
4
Journalism Education & Training
4
Exiled Journalists
4
Media & Communication Policies
4
Shrinking Spaces for Civil Society & Political Actors
4
Media Capture, Vested Political & Other Interests in the Media
4
Public & State Press
4
Public Media, State Media
4
Civic Engagement, Citizen Participation, Civil Society & Digital Communication
3
Media & ICT Use in Authoritarian Regimes / Dictatorships
3
Killings of Journalists & Media Personnel
3
Government Communication Strategies
3
Alternative Communication & Media
3
Alternative Press
3
Extremist & Terrorist Digital / Social Media Presence
3
Big Digital Platforms, Big Tech Companies
3
Digital Media Landscapes
3
Internet Shutdowns
3
Digital Journalism, Online Journalism
3
Social Media in Political Communication
3
Content Moderation & Regulation: Social Media
3
Facebook
3
VK (Russian Social Network)
3
Digital Economies & Markets
3
Female Journalists & Media Workers
3
History of Media & Communication
3
Nazism
3
Journalists
3
Safety of Journalists, Safety Risks of Media Workers
3
Post-Socialist Media Systems & Landscapes
3
Financing Media, Financial Media Management
3
Communism, Marxism
3
Political Resistance
3
National Identity & Media, Nationalism & Communication
3
Civil Society
3
China Global Television Network, CGTN (formerly China Central Television, CCTV)
3
Access to Media & Information
2
Access to Internet & Digital Communications
2
Posters
2
Media Advocacy, Media Activism
2
News Consumption & Information Sources of Media Users
2
Media Law & Regulation: Authoritarian Regimes
2
Election Campaigns
2
Documentaries, Television Documentaries, Web Documentaries
2
Freedom of Expression
2
Censorship Circumvention Tools & Strategies
2
Harassment & Intimidation of Journalists
2
State Influence on the Media
2
Public Diplomacy, Cultural Diplomacy
2
Civil Wars
2
Information Warfare, Psychological Warfare
2
Media Assistance in Conflict Regions & Fragile Countries
2
Literature
2
Popular Cultures
2
Digital Communication, Digital Media
2
Data Governance, Data Justice, Data Sovereignty
2
Financing Digital / Online Media
2
Bots
2
Weibo (Microblogging Website, China)
2
Countering Hate Speech, Disinformation & Propaganda
2
Media Viability & Financial Sustainability
2
Political Economy of Media
2
Vaccination Campaigns & Vaccine Hesitancy
2
China: Foreign Policy, Foreign Investments, Development Assistance
2
Investigative Journalism
2
Media Assistance: Journalism Education & Training
2
Journalists Dealing with Risks & Threats, Resilience & Wellbeing of Media Workers
2
Journalists: Professional Identity & Values
2
Working Conditions of Journalists & Media Personnel
2
European Union: Media Assistance
2
Media Assistance: Financial Sustainability & Management
2
Informal Communication Channels, Networks & Structures
2
Television Landscapes
2
Transition Countries: Media Systems & Media Landscapes
2
Media Law & Regulation
2
Human Rights Protection
2
Internet Governance, Internet Policies
2
Media Law & Regulation: Transitional Countries
2
Diasporas
2
Popular Music
2
Guerillas, Insurgent Groups, Revolutionary Movements
2
Political Parties
2
Political Parties: Communication Strategies
2
Public Opinion
2
Ideologies
2
Islamist Communications & Media
2
Apartheid
2
Youth & Digital Media
2
Advocacy & Empowerment: Chronically ill People
1
Advocacy & Empowerment: Experiences
1
Advocacy & Empowerment: Planning & Implementation
1
Advocacy & Political Films
1
Film & Video Advocacy / Activism
1
Audiences & Users
1
Book Reading Habits, Book Readers, Book Consumption
1
Digital & Social Media Use, Internet Use
1
Internet & Social Media Use: Women
1
Digital & Social Media Use: Youth
1
Media Use: Foreign / International Media
1
Media Use: Political Information
1
Media Use: Public Service & State Media
1
Media Use: Women, Female Media Audiences
1
Media Use: Youth
1
Mobile Phone Use
1
Radio Consumption, Radio Use, Radio Audiences
1
Television Consumption, Televison Use, Television Audiences
1
Trust in the Media, Credibility of Media
1
Authoritarian Discourse
1
Cinema in Authoritarian Regimes
1
Book Markets & Industries
1
Book Policies (National & International)
1
Book Publishing Houses
1
Gender and Book Publishing
1
Textbooks, Textbook Development, Publishing & Research
1
Animated Cartoons, Animated Films
1
Political Cartoons & Comics
1
Celebrities, Idols, Stars
1
Female Film Actors, Directors & Producers
1
Science Fiction Films
1
Film Markets
1
Public Film Policies, Film Legislation, Public Film Funding
1
Communication Rights
1
Indirect Censorship, Soft Censorship
1
Countering Press Freedom Violations by Legal Actions
1
Impunity for Crimes Against Journalists & Media Personnel
1
Secret Services, Intelligence Services
1
Foreign Government Communication Interventions
1
Government / State Advertising: Allocation Policies & Regulation
1
Citizen Journalism, Community Journalism
1
Community Telecommunication Networks
1
Graffiti, Wall Paintings, Street Art
1
Conflict Areas: Media Systems, Media Landscapes, Role of Media
1
Cyberwarfare, Cyber Operations: Attacking Enemy Computers, Software, and Control Systems
1
Foreign Conflict Reporting, International War Reporting
1
Hate Speech, Hate Speech in Social Media
1
Human Rights Protection & Violations: Media Representation & Reporting
1
War Reporting
1
Culture and Communication, Culture and Media
1
Alternative Cultures, Protest Cultures
1
Musicals & Operas
1
Theatre
1
Cultural Resistance
1
Fans, Fandom, Fan Cultures
1
Democracy Assistance
1
United States Agency for International Development (USAID)
1
Nonprofit Organizations, NGOs
1
ICT / Internet Projects (Development Aid)
1
Development Theories
1
Algorithms & Big Data
1
Media Convergence
1
Digital Platforms & Intermediaries
1
Digital Research Methods
1
Google
1
Internet / Social Media Law & Regulation
1
Online Communication
1
Political Blogging
1
Search Engines
1
Blogging, Blogs
1
Journalistic Social Media Use
1
Digital Industrial Policies
1
ICT Industries & Markets
1
ICT Enterprises
1
LGBT & Communication / Media
1
Minorities & Disadvantaged Groups: Reporting & Media Representation
1
Uyghurs, Uighurs
1
Earthquakes, Floods, Tsunamis, Natural Disasters
1
Government-Sponsored Disinformation
1
Health Disinformation & Misinformation
1
Documenting Human Rights Violations
1
Libraries
1
Economics of Media
1
Media Markets
1
Television Markets
1
Education (General)
1
Primary Education
1
Universidad Nacional de La Plata (La Plata, Argentina)
1
Gaming, Video Games
1
Humour, Parody, Satire
1
Political Parody and Satire
1
Television Dramas
1
Codes of Journalistic Ethics
1
Journalistic (In)Dependence
1
Fact-Checking & Verification of Sources
1
Gender and Media, Gender and Communication
1
Feminism & Communication
1
Gender Norms & Roles
1
Men, Male Identity, Masculinity
1
Innovations
1
Colonial Legacies
1
History (General)
1
History of Journalism
1
History of the Press
1
Foreign ICT & Telecommunication Investments & Ownership
1
Foreign News, International News
1
Globalisation of Media
1
Transnational Broadcasting, International Broadcasting
1
International Radio Broadcasting, Foreign Radio Broadcasting
1
Satellite Television
1
Transnational Television Co-Productions, International Television Co-Productions
1
Associations & Networks of Journalists
1
Mobile Journalism, Video Journalism
1
News Agencies
1
Agencia Noticiosa Fides (ANF) (News Agency, Bolivia)
1
Xinhua (News Agency, China)
1
Radio Journalism
1
Media Assistance: Dependency of Recipients
1
Media Assistance: Exile Media
1
Media Assistance: Law & Regulation, Media Policy Consultancies
1
Television Policies
1
Press Landscapes
1
Confidential Sources, Whistleblowing, Protection of Journalists' Sources
1
Law, Legislation, Judiciary (General)
1
Law Enforcement, Litigations, Legal Practice, Case Law, Jurisdiction
1
Nationalisation of Media
1
Change & Process Management
1
Migration & Refugees Reporting & (Social) Media Representation
1
Folk Songs
1
Khashoggi, Jamal (1958-2018)
1
Walsh, Rodolfo
1
Politics
1
Arab Spring (2010-2012)
1
Coup d'Etat
1
Military
1
Polarization, Political Polarization
1
Fascism
1
Hindu Nationalism
1
Socialism
1
Totalitarianism
1
Semi-Authoritarian Regimes & Defective Democracies
1
Democratization
1
Independent & Oppositional Media
1
Influence of Media on Politics
1
Opinion Leaders, Politicians, Decision Makers, Elites
1
Political Role & Influence of Radio, Radio & Democratization
1
Public Opinion Manipulation
1
Public Spheres
1
The Daily News (Newspaper, Zimbabwe)
1
Public & State Radios
1
Public & State Television
1
Radio
1
Radio Stations
1
B92 (Radio Station, Belgrade)
1
Emotions in Communication & Media
1
Persuasive Communication
1
Manipulation
1
Islamism
1
Muslim Media
1
Judaism and Communication
1
Religion and Politics
1
Religious Populism
1
Religious Press
1
Comparative Approaches & Methods in Communication Research
1
Political Indicators
1
COVID-19 Pandemic: Economic, Political and Social Effects
1
Revolutions
1
Mobile & Wireless Communications Technologies
1
Mobile Phones, Smartphones
1
State Influence on ICT & Telecommunication Markets
1
Telecommunication Infrastructure
1
RT (Russian International Broadcaster, formerly Russia Today)
1
TeleSur (Television Channel)
1
Reality Television Programmes & Daily Talks
1
Non-Western Communication Approaches
1
Youth Cultures, Youth Milieus, Youth Identities
1
Language
Document type
Countries / Regions
Authors & Publishers
Media focus
Publication Years
Methods applied
Journals
Output Type
The Press in a One-Party State: Kenya since Independence
Journalism Quarterly, volume 42, issue 2 (1965), pp. 262-266
"The strongly liberal elements of the government of Kenya mean that the regime combines the characteristics of a ‘democracy’ and a ‘dictatorship’. The case of Kenya is an interesting one as regards the development of the communication media: Kenya has communication media but no public to use
...
The Press of Albania, Europe's Least Known Land
Journalism Quarterly, volume 42, issue 4 (1965), pp. 639-645
"General survey of Albania — The Albanian press — Development — Present trends — The Albanian press still has very close ties with the government — TotaI rigidity and complete support of the regime." (Jean-Marie Van Bol, Abdelfattah Fakhfakh: The use of mass media in the developing countri
...
Dans un Etat à parti unique la presse ne peut être que la complice du pouvoir
Cahiers de l'I.I.P. (Zürich), volume 14, issue 3-4 (1965), pp. 19-20
"L'impuissance de la presse d'Etat à parti unique — Le cas de pays africains à parti unique — Dans un Etat à parti unique, la presse constitue une arme dangereuse détenue par la clique restreinte qui constitue le moyen du parti." (Jean-Marie Van Bol, Abdelfattah Fakhfakh: The use of mass med
...
Mass Persuasion in Communist China
New York: Praeger (1964), 186 pp.
"The author speaks of policy and theory, the organizational and operational pattern, and then he devotes a chapter to each of the major media — He puts particular emphasis upon the Chinese variations and departure and devotes a long chapter to "tatzepao", handmade posters manufactured in fantastic
...
South Korean Press
Freedom of Information Center Publication (Ibadan), issue 119 (1964), p. 8
"Development of the South Korean press and especially of relations between the press and the government — Policy and legislation regarding the press under Syngman Rhee and the military junta." (Jean-Marie Van Bol, Abdelfattah Fakhfakh: The use of mass media in the developing countries. Brussels: C
...
Mass Media Growth: A comparison of Communist and other Countries
Journalism Quarterly, volume 41, issue 4 (1964), pp. 563-567
"The author examines the development of radio and the increase in newspaper circulation — He discovers that the growth figures are higher in the communist countries of East Europe than in the non-communist regions of East Europe or in the highly developed communist regions." (Jean-Marie Van Bol, A
...
Aufbau eines staatlichen Pressenwesens in Burma
Neue Deutsche Presse (Verband der Journalisten der DDR), issue 1 (1964), pp. 31-32
"Seit Oktober 1963 verbreitet das offizielle Presseorgan „The working people's daily“ Propaganda über den „Weg“ zum Sozialismus." (Jean-Marie Van Bol, Abdelfattah Fakhfakh: The use of mass media in the developing countries. Brussels: CIDESA, 1971 Nr. 673, topic code 110.2)
Panorama de la presse chinoise continentale et documents officiels
Notes et Études Documentaires (Paris), issue 3052 (1964), pp. 1-32
"Numéro spécial consacré à la presse en Chine communiste, répartissant son attention entre les « questions intérieures » (agriculture, industrie, éducation, sociologie) et les « questions extérieures » (armes nucléaires, rapports avec différents pays d'Asie, d'Europe, d'Amérique et d'
...
Extrait du discours du Dr. Osvaldo Dortico's Torrado, Président de la République Cubaine
Le Journaliste Démocratique (Prague), volume 10, issue 2 (1962), pp. 30-31
"La presse cubaine et la voie dans laquelle elle s'engage depuis la Révolution — La situation qui régnait avant la Révolution — Les apports de la Révolution cubaine." (Jean-Marie Van Bol, Abdelfattah Fakhfakh: The use of mass media in the developing countries. Brussels: CIDESA, 1971 Nr. 783,
...
Compromis ou capitulation : Une grave question de conscience pour les journalistes
Cahiers de l'I.I.P. (Zürich), volume 9, issue 11 (1961), pp. 3-6
"Le Directeur du plus grand journal de Djakarta a signé en 1960, une déclaration de loyauté en 19 points, mais a dû arrêter sa publication en 1961 — Il analyse les raisons de sa signature et donne comme argument principal que dans les pays en voie de développement la presse doit accepter des
...
« Revolución »: Órgano del movimiento 26 de Julio (Cuba)
Le Journaliste Démocratique (Prague), volume 9, issue 4 (1961), pp. 77-78
"Entre los premios internacionales de periodismo, se concedió uno a «Revolución», órgano de la Revolución cubana, movimiento 26 de julio - Prensa cubana - Premios y obligaciones." (Jean-Marie Van Bol, Abdelfattah Fakhfakh: The use of mass media in the developing countries. Brussels: CIDESA, 19
...
La nationalisation de la presse égyptienne
Cahiers de l'I.I.P. (Zürich), volume 9, issue 5 (1960), p. 13
"Un écho sur la nationalisation de la presse en Egypte — Les journalistes ont bien accueilli la mesure car ils ont vu qu'un changement de propriétaire et non un renforcement de la censure — De plus, la suppression du profit protège, à leur avis, la presse contre les groupes d'intérêts —
...
The Press in Authoritarian Countries
Zürich: International Press Institute (1959), 201 pp.
"Overall view of the situation of the press in the non-democratic countries. In addition, the development of the press in the Near East, Korea, Nationalist China and Vietnam." (Jean-Marie Van Bol, Abdelfattah Fakhfakh: The use of mass media in the developing countries. Brussels: CIDESA, 1971 Nr. 178
...
Radio Broadcasting and Propaganda in Communist China
Journalism Quarterly, volume 34, issue 3 (1957), pp. 366-377
"Since September 1945, when a broadcasting station was set up in Yuman, the Communists have made constant use of the radio service." (Jean-Marie Van Bol, Abdelfattah Fakhfakh: The use of mass media in the developing countries. Brussels: CIDESA, 1971 Nr. 1063, topic code 09, 210.311)
