"Why and how can records serve as evidence of human rights violations, in particular crimes against humanity, and help the fight against impunity? Archives and Human Rights shows the close relationship between archives and human rights and discusses the emergence, at the international level, of the
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principles of the right to truth, justice and reparation. Through a historical overview and topical case studies from different regions of the world the book discusses how records can concretely support these principles. The current examples also demonstrate how the perception of the role of the archivist has undergone a metamorphosis in recent decades, towards the idea that archivists can and must play an active role in defending basic human rights, first and foremost by enabling access to documentation on human rights violations. Confronting painful memories of the past is a way to make the ghosts disappear and begin building a brighter, more serene future. The establishment of international justice mechanisms and the creation of truth commissions are important elements of this process. The healing begins with the acknowledgment that painful chapters are essential parts of history; archives then play a crucial role by providing evidence. This book is both a tool and an inspiration to use archives in defence of human rights." (Publisher description)
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"Este libro es un homenaje a la historia de millones de colombianos y colombianas que se niegan a convivir con la violencia y que han encontrado en el perdón, y en el encuentro honesto con los responsables del daño y el dolor, el camino hacia la reconstrucción de las relaciones rotas por la guerr
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a; un camino para sanar. La escucha de todas estas experiencias y el reconocimiento de estos dolores y luchas como propios nos devuelven la grandeza de ser seres humanos y nos sacan de la crisis ética en la que nos sumió esta guerra entre hermanos. En este libro encontrarán historias narradas por sus protagonistas, cuidadosamente tratadas por nuestro equipo territorial. Estas narraciones fueron escuchadas a lo largo y ancho del territorio nacional y son parte de la vida de hombres y mujeres del campo colombiano, muchos campesinos, otros indígenas o afrodescendientes, uno de ellos homosexual, y otra de ellas mujer transgénero: toda, población vulnerable por la desprotección del Estado cuando el campo, las veredas y los corregimientos se volvieron territorios de guerra, en los cuales la inmensa mayoría de los muertos fueron civiles. Esta es 'La fuerza de esta voz': la historia de vida de las personas que habitan los territorios recorridos por la Comisión de la Verdad con la intención de comprender el conflicto armado colombiano. Es la fuerza de su dolor, sus luchas y sus sueños. Compartir con el país lo que hemos escuchado es una forma de agradecer a quienes con generosidad nos brindaron su testimonio. Escucharnos, como país, es el primer paso para reconocernos, y reconocer a las víctimas, su dolor y su resistencia, y asumir juntos el compromiso de la no repetición de la guerra del conflicto armado interno: el compromiso de la paz grande." (Prólogo de Francisco de Roux, página 4-5)
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"In an effort to help prevent violent extremism in Central Asia, the Research Centre for Religious Studies of Kyrgyzstan conducted an analysis of values, narratives, and online messages created and distributed by banned extremist groups in five countries: Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmeni
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stan, and Uzbekistan. The study included over 1.6 million messages containing religious rhetoric and provides insight into the meanings of the messages and the channels for dissemination, as well as the impact of the messages on the target audience. This was followed by a field study of 4,005 respondents in the 18-35 age range. In addition, the survey also sought to identify the media preferences of young people in the region. Using the findings, the Centre developed communication strategies for each country that recommended how media, NGOs, state authorities, and religious leaders could, with a focus on young people, contribute to promoting peace. Although less than 1% of the analyzed messages containing religious rhetoric had what would be considered dangerous content, those particular messages often resonated with users’ values and interests, especially young people. The messages promoting violence used specific, complex terms that were geared to people who were already followers of radical ideas rather than the average user. The intent of the messages was to deepen the commitment of followers rather than recruit new followers. Administrators of violent extremist channels have developed multi-channel access strategies for potential recipients (through various platforms, chat rooms, personal messages, and reposts), thwarting the blocking measures used by Central Asian governments. The messaging by extremist groups promotes: purity of faith, mutual support to fellow believers, fighting against infidels and apostates, rejection of secular power and its decisions, ambition to create a caliphate, and anti-Semitism. The main target audience of distributors of extremist content is young people aged 18-30 who are dissatisfied with the current political environment and who share a strong sense of injustice. Those aged 18-21 showing the strongest support for the influence of religion on politics. Level of education is also a risk factor: young people with less education tend to engage more with the content." (Publisher description)
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"Recent reports indicate that over 20,000 Arab fighters traveled to join ISIS in Iraq and Syria and another 5-15 percent of millennials across seven Arab countries consider some violent extremist groups to be on the right path. In response, Arab countries have experimented with entertainment-educati
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on (E-E) by using anti-extremism narratives in popular culture to address radicalization at the societal level. This study explores whether those narratives can elicit viewers’ parasocial interaction (PSI)—pseudo friendships with or animosity toward mediated personas that can catalyze persuasion—with fictional characters. Using qualitative and quantitative content analyses of more than 8,600 YouTube comments, this study explores Arab viewers’ responses to a recent E-E project, al-Siham al-Marika (The Piercing Arrows) drama series, that portrays life under ISIS’s control. The findings identify recurrent themes in the pool of comments, such as show debates, religious contestations, political disputes, empathy for victims, and engagement with plotline/characters. More importantly, they reveal at least one out of six comments (n=1477) exhibits PSI with fictional characters, addressing them as part of their social milieu. The study further traces the variations in the nature of PSI in relation to mediated positive role models, negative role models, and transitional characters in the narrative. It concludes with a discussion of E-E’s potentials as an anti-extremism messaging strategy and PSI’s role as a useful metric in assessing such narratives." (Abstract)
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"This policy brief examines the work of civil society activists struggling for peace by using social media around the world. Drawing from extensive field research, as well as the social media actions of activists and civil society members of India, Pakistan and beyond, this brief explains how the so
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cial media strategies of civil society activists can ease the risk of war and violence and improve the prospect for long-term peaceful relations between both countries. The South Asia region, including Afghanistan, India and Pakistan, has been known for intractable regional conflict. The conflict between India and Pakistan over Kashmir led to four wars (1948, 1965, 1971, and 1999) between these countries. Although peace efforts on the part of civil society activists have existed for many years, civil society’s use of social media for peace between both the countries is a new trend. This policy brief endeavours to add new insights on civil society’s use of social media to support peace. The brief also looks at how the civil society members deploy innovative strategies of communication—mixing social media and other methods—to plan, coordinate and practice actions, such as protests, talks, and marches. This policy brief attempts to enhance existing dimensions to the ques-tion of how to respond to the rising conflicts between nuclear countries India and Pakistan – an issue that can no longer remain unnoticed by members of civil society and the interna-tional community." (Summary)
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"In the years since his death in 1993, Colombian drug lord Pablo Escobar has become a globally recognized symbol of crime, wealth, power, and masculinity. In this long-overdue exploration of Escobars impact on popular culture, Aldona Bialowas Pobutsky shows how his legacy inspired the development of
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narcocultura— television, music, literature, and fashion representing the drug-trafficking lifestyle in Colombia and around the world. Pobutsky looks at the ways the “Escobar brand” surfaces in bars, restaurants, and clothing lines; in Colombia’s tourist industry; and in telenovelas, documentaries, and narco memoirs about his life, which in turn have generated popular interest in other drug traffickers such as Griselda Blanco and Miami’s “cocaine cowboys.” Pobutsky illustrates how the Colombian state strives to erase his memory while Escobar’s notoriety only continues to increase in popular culture through the transnational media. She argues that the image of Escobar is inextricably linked to Colombia’s internal tensions in the areas of cocaine politics, gender relations, class divisions, and political corruption and that his “brand” perpetuates the country’s reputation as a center of organized crime, to the dismay of the Colombian people." (Back cover)
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"This study proposes a classification framework for conflict journalism with respect to its potential for conflict escalation and de-escalation in Pakistan—a country marred by a number of deadly conflicts. While building on the existing literature, the study proposes the varying levels of intensit
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y of a conflict and the resulting escalatory and de-escalatory coverage as important factors in the process. Through content analysis and focus group discussion, it was found that de-escalatory coverage is inversely proportional to the intensity of a conflict in terms of its perceived threats to national security. Secondly it was found that the coverage was spread across a range of thematic frames though certain perspectives got more prominence as compared to others. Noting the variations in the presence of peace journalism, the study concludes that critical pragmatic approach to peace journalism is better suited to address queries relating to its theory and practice than other approaches because it accommodates the retention of peace as a value and at the same is pragmatic and hence honors the requirements of journalistic profession." (Abstract)
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"The study revealed the lack of sufficient knowledge on the part of journalists on violent extremism and terrorism. Furthermore, alongside a lack of expertise on violent extremism, journalists in Albania also display a poor level of knowledge about religions, which makes it even harder for reporters
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to do their jobs, especially when it comes to cover events related to religious extremism. Journalists in traditional and online media outlets suffer from a shortage of training courses and other similar forms of continuing education. The findings of the study showed that nearly 60 percent of journalists in the Albanian media have never received any training on covering and reporting on these topics. Lack of training is evident even amongst media spokespersons and communication officials in public institutions. The study also revealed that journalists are aware of their lack of skills in covering violent extremism and terrorism, but they appear eager to participate in training programs on such topics. This indicates that media professionals are willing to get a better grasp on the phenomenon and improve the level of their knowledge." (Conclusions, page 29)
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"This document presents a vision for a grand, civil societal response to online manipulation: developing the capability to detect it; the coalitions to confront it, the strategies to prevent it, and the structures of cooperation and funding that are needed to do both across all the causes and issues
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that it now threatens to undermine. It is a response that must combine the specialisation and sophistication that comes with scale with those particular strengths that civil society always has: its diversity, transparency, capacity to connect with marginalised voices, and its bedrock of humane and humanising values." (Vision, page 1)
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"This publication is the outcome of the “East Africa Regional Peace Journalism Training Workshop” for journalists covering conflict and peacebuilding in East Africa. Organized by Rongo University’s Center for Media, Democracy, Peace, and Security (CMDPS) in partnership with the African Peacebu
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ilding Network (APN) of the Social Science Research Council (SSRC), the two-day event brought together journalists from five East African countries—Kenya, Rwanda, South Sudan, Tanzania, and Uganda—to develop their capacity for reporting on conflict-related issues in an objective manner based on the tenets of the theory and practice of peace journalism." (Introduction)
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"This report ties together young Pakistani people’s experiences of hate and extremism – with contextual research and questions put to young people in Pakistan, centred around their views on identity, media consumption patterns and perceptions of the state and national news media. This research h
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as resulted in a series of ten lessons for creating more effective counter-narrative campaigns that will help practitioners better understand the perceptions, media habits and experiences of Pakistani youth in relation to hate speech and extremism. The lessons have been modelled according to the methodology for creating counter-narratives, as developed by ISD’s YouthCAN project in 2016." (Page 7)
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"The media can play a positive role in peacebuilding/conflict prevention. Recognition of this has led to increasing programmes on media/communications and peacebuilding, with common interventions including training of journalists, and development of pro-peace programme content. However, there are si
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gnificant challenges in designing and implementing such programmes, and even more in evaluation. While some interventions have generated positive results (e.g. reduced election-related violence), evidence is limited and it is hard to make causal links between interventions and impact. This highlights the need for more research." (Summary, page 2)
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"In 2019, Fondation Hirondelle defined a new strategy for the years to come, following discussions with its employees, management, Board and partners. This strategy focuses on strengthening collaboration with our local partners, particularly for the co-production of content; on our ability to respon
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d rapidly to humanitarian or health emergencies; and on developing our capacity to deal with global issues (environment, human rights, education, etc.)." (Foreword)
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"1944 entstanden im Vernichtungslager Auschwitz-Birkenau eine Vielzahl von Fotografien, die zumeist den SS-Fotografen Bernhard Walter und Ernst Hoffmann zuzuordnen sind. Erhalten blieben die Bilder in Form eines Albums im Besitz der Holocaust-Überlebenden Lili Jacob, die es auf Vermittlung Serge Kl
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arsfelds 1980 der Gedenkstätte Yad Vashem übergab. Viele der in ihrer offenen oder subtilen Brutalität unerträglichen Aufnahmen zeigen aus der Distanz die Ankunft größerer Gruppen im Lager, andere bilden das Unbegreifliche aus nächster Nähe ab. Auf einigen Fotos sind Selektionen oder „Lagerarbeiten“ zu sehen, manche zeigen die Transportzüge sowie Koffer und Kleidung Verschleppter und Ermordeter, andere die Vernichtungsanlagen. Tal Bruttmann, Stefan Hördler und Christoph Kreutzmüller haben in akribischer Forschungsarbeit die Herkunft der abgebildeten Menschen, die Entstehung und den ideologischen Kontext des Albums analysiert und ordnen die Bilder in diese Zusammenhänge ein. Bewusst setzen sich die Autoren mit der Diskrepanz und den Deutungsebenen auseinander, die der Fotografie als (miss)interpretierbarer, (schein)objektiver Visualisierung eigen sind. Sie durchbrechen so zugleich die Intention des Albums – die Inszenierung des durchgeplanten und in Auschwitz und anderswo vollzogenen Menschheitsverbrechens der Nationalsozialisten als einen rationalen Akt." (Klappentext)
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