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Rethinking Open Source in the Age of Foundational AI Models
Deep Insights

Greg Maly

ICTworks, July 29 (2025)

"As the global artificial intelligence community wrestles with the tension between scale and accessibility, recent work by researchers at Lelapa AI offers a compelling example of what inclusive, efficient AI can look like. Around the world, the push to shrink massive language models into deployable, ... more

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Thinking with AI: Machine Learning the Humanities

Hannes Bajohr (ed.)

London: Open Humanities Press (2025), 269 pp.

External Link (103)

Key Questions for AI in Public Institutions: Prompts and Resources to Spark Critical Conversation
Key Guides

Tanja Dreher, Georgia van Toorn

Sydney: University of New South Wales (UNSW), UARC Centre of Excellence for Automated Decision-Making and Society. (2025), 30 pp.

""In this think piece we sketch the impacts and implications of corporate AI for institutions with a public interest orientation. We focus on public universities and social services as vital public institutions that have been widely understood as essential to democracy and social justice. Through a ... more

Developing an Artificial Intelligence Maturity Assessment Framework for South Africa. First Annual AI Maturity Assessment 2025

Bonn; Eschborn: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ); FAIR Forward – Artificial Intelligence for All; University of the Western Cape (UWC) (2025), 107 pp.

"The South African AI MAF serves as a foundational tool for guiding the country’s progress towards AI maturity and is tailored to the country’s unique socioeconomic, cultural, and technological realities. It furthermore aligns with broader continental ambitions (i.e. African Union’s 2024 Conti ... nental AI Strategy), which reflects a strong commitment to leveraging AI for sustainable development. This implies the ethical and inclusive development and implementation of AI in ways that address local challenges. In South Africa, GIZ, through the FAIR Forward project, has collaborated closely with the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), the South African Institute of Chartered Accountants (SAICA) and researchers from the University of the Western Cape (UWC) to develop the AI Maturity Assessment Framework (AI MAF) for South Africa. A design-science methodology was applied to develop the AI MAF for South Africa. The approach involved a structured literature review process, co-design workshops with cross-sectoral stakeholders, expert interviews, validation workshops and external expert review. This first version of the AI MAF consists of eight domains: Domain 1: International and Continental Profile as AI Leader Domain 2: An Enabling Regulatory Environment Domain 3: Citizen Engagement With and Empowerment Through AI Domain 4: Education and Workforce Enablement Domain 5: Innovation and Research Domain 6: Growth of the AI Ecosystem Domain 7: Data and Digital Infrastructure Domain 8: Security and Privacy Each domain includes sub-domains with specific indicators. A total of 68 indicators are included in this 2025 instrument, aimed at reflecting the country’s unique socioeconomic, cultural, and technological realities. An assessment instrument (rubric) to measure the level of maturity of these eight domains was adapted from the maturity measurement scale set out in ISO 37004 (Governance Maturity Model – Guidance). It reflects the structured progression of the ISO standards, employing a maturity scale that ranges from Level 0 (No evidence) to Level 5 (Continual optimisation or improvement). It is grounded in the principle of evidence-based assessment, evaluating maturity through the lens of activities and inputs (Levels 1–2) that lead to measurable outcomes and impact (Levels 3–5). The application of this instrument in the first iteration of assessing AI maturity in South Africa indicated that the country is in the early stages of AI maturity, with seven of the eight domains assessed at Levels 1–2 on the maturity scale, and only one domain reaching Level 3. This suggests that all domains demonstrate some level of foundational ‘input activities’, signalling a positive intent and growing awareness of the importance and relevance of AI, with some initial movement towards demonstrating positive outcomes. Overall, the generally low maturity scores indicate that progress across the domains is fragmented. This could be attributed to still limited strategic ecosystem coordination, targeted investment and capability building. The evidence-based approach enables a reflection of the South African landscape and supports strategic alignment across government, industry, and academia. The framework and interactive dashboard – developed through this project to enable accessible visualisation of the data – serve as foundational reference points for supporting South Africa’s evolving AI ecosystem. An AI agent developed as part of the initiative facilitates regular updates, helping ensure that the AI MAF remains a relevant strategic tool." (Executive summary, pages 8-10) more

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Künstliche Intelligenz im medialen Diskurs: Wird soziale Gerechtigkeit ausgeblendet?

Elke Grittmann, Lina Brink, Peter Kann

Frankfurt am Main: Otto Brenner Stiftung (2025), 84 pp.

[.] Auf Basis von über 2.000 Artikeln aus neun reichweitenstarken Print- und Onlinemedien untersuchen die Autor*innen, welche Themen in der Berichterstattung über KI gesetzt, wie Bezüge zu Fragen sozialer Gerechtigkeit hergestellt werden, welche narrativen Muster sich zeigen und welche Akteur*inn ... more

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Antiqua et Nova: Note on the Relationship Between Artificial Intelligence and Human Intelligence

Dicastery for the Doctrine of the Faith, Dicastery for Culture and Education

Vatican City: Dicastery for the Doctrine of the Faith; Dicastery for Culture and Education (2025)

"[...] it is crucial to know how to evaluate individual applications of AI in particular contexts to determine whether its use promotes human dignity, the vocation of the human person, and the common good. As with many technologies, the effects of the various uses of AI may not always be predictabl ... more

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From Crisis to Renewal: Addressing AI’s Impact on Our Information Ecosystem

Lena Maria Böswald, Roa Powell, Tyreese Calnan

Berlin: Interface – Tech Analysis and Policy Ideas for Europe (2025), 18 pp.

"AI-driven search-summary features, with Google's AI Overviews (AIOs) being the most promiment example, are rapidly transforming how people access news, with profound implications for our information ecosystem. While AI holds potential to improve access to information, its current deployment risks u ... ndermining the sustainability, diversity, and reliability of news. As AI summaries summarise information directly within search results, they can significantly reduce traffic to news publishers. Evidence suggests users are less likely to click through to original sources when AIOs are present on Google, threatening the financial viability of journalism. These impacts from AI summaries and AIOs in particular are unlikely to be evenly distributed and will play out in different ways across the news sector across Europe, with smaller and ad-funded outlets particularly vulnerable, raising concerns about declining media plurality. At the same time, AI-generated summaries often fail to provide accurate and diverse information. Research shows that AI tools disproportionately rely on a narrow set of sources, marginalising smaller publishers. In addition, persistent issues with accuracy – including misleading or incorrect outputs – risk distorting public understanding and weakening trust in information systems. Current regulatory frameworks in both the EU and UK are struggling to address these challenges effectively. While multiple legal instruments are relevant and already in place – including competition law, platform regulation, copyright, and AI governance – none are fully equipped to respond quickly and comprehensively to the harms of monopolisation and the lack of remuneration for media outlets posed by AI summaries. We argue that competition policy offers the most effective and immediate route to intervention, with digital regulation serving as a secondary lever. The UK’s approach, based on flexible, case-specific competition rules, enables faster action through tailored conduct requirements for dominant firms like Google. In contrast, the EU’s framework is broader but slower, relying more heavily on traditional, time-intensive antitrust investigations and ongoing debates around copyright and remuneration for publishers. Both systems offer complementary strengths, and policymakers should learn from each other’s approaches. We therefore recommend a “competition-first” policy package to ensure fairer outcomes. Key measures include enforcing fair ranking and attribution practices, preventing unauthorised use of publisher content, and potentially requiring platforms to compensate news organisations. However, competition policy alone is not the key. We therefore propose additional long-term interventions, including greater transparency through “nutrition labels” for AI-generated content and increased public or democratic funding for journalism. These measures aim to strengthen the resilience and independence of the news sector, ensuring that trustworthy information remains accessible in an information ecosystem shaped by AI." (Executive summary) more

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Just Hiring! How to counter discrimination in AI-assisted recruiting at the governance level. A toolkit for policymakers

M. Daviet, A. Mueller, N. Baranowska, G. Meijers, C. Castillo, J. Saldivar, A. Gatzioura

FINDHR Fairness and Intersectional Non-Discrimination in Human Recommendation (2025), 67 pp.

"In this Toolkit, we offer introductory information and concrete recommendations on how to mitigate the risk of discrimination in algorithmic hiring systems on a governance level. This Toolkit addresses policymakers and people working in regulatory bodies, as well as civil society organisations inte ... more

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Die intelligente Täuschung: Über die Fähigkeiten Künstlicher Intelligenz

Frank Jäkel

Bielefeld: transcript Verlag (2025), 246 pp.

"Der Einzug von Künstlicher Intelligenz (KI) in unser Leben wird gleichermaßen von Heils- und Unheilserwartungen begleitet: Die einen erhoffen sich Produktivitätssteigerungen, die anderen befürchten, dass Europa den Wettlauf mit den USA und China längst verloren hat. Autohersteller setzen auf a ... more

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AI-Generated Disinformation in Europe and Africa: Use Cases, Solutions and Transnational Learning

Karen Allen, Christopher Nehring

Johannesburg: Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung (KAS), Media Programme Sub-Sahara Africa (2025), xii, 158 pp.

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The State of Large Language Models for African Languages: Progress and Challenges

Kedir Yassin Hussen, Walelign Tewabe Sewunetie, Abinew Ali Ayele, Sukairaj Hafiz Imam, Eyob Nigussie Alemu, Shamsuddeen Hassan Muhammad, Seid Muhie Yimam

arXiv.org (2025), 25 pp.

"Large Language Models (LLMs) are transforming Natural Language Processing (NLP), but their benefits are largely absent for Africa’s 2,000 low-resource languages. This paper comparatively analyzes African language coverage across six LLMs, eight Small Language Models (SLMs), and six Specialized SL ... more

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Fake friend: How ChatGPT betrays vulnerable teens by encouraging dangerous behaviour

Center for Countering Digital Hate (2025), 54 pp.

"ChatGPT is easily accessed by children without age restrictions or parental controls: ChatGPT says users must be at least 13 to sign up and have parental consent if aged under 18. However, ChatGPT does not verify users’ ages or record parental consent. ChatGPT generates harmful content within mi ... more

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Democratising AI through Culture: Making Generative AI Participatory and Intersectional Through an AI of the Commons

Seoyoung Choi, Miro Leon Bucher

Stuttgart: Institut für Auslandsbeziehungen (ifa) (2025), 72 pp.

"This research proposes a participatory, decolonial and feminist approach to AI through the concept of “AI as commons”, offering a practical approach for cultural practitioners to decolonise existing AI systems. Conducted in Seoul, South Korea, the study combines critical theory with practical i ... more

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AI With Purpose: How Foundations and Nonprofits are Thinking About and Using Artificial Intelligence

Elisha Smith Arrillaga, Seara Grundhoefer, Christina Im

Center for Effective Philanthropy (CEP) (2025), 39 pp.

"While AI is widely used by nonprofits and foundations alike — most often for internal productivity and communications purposes — leaders share common concerns about AI in their work. They also agree that foundations do not currently have a strong grasp of nonprofits’ AI-related needs. Perhaps ... more

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The Impact of Generative AI on Critical Thinking: Self-Reported Reductions in Cognitive Effort and Confidence Effects From a Survey of KnowledgeWorkers

Hao-Ping (Hank) Lee, Advait Sarkar, Lev Tankelevitch, Ian Drosos, Sean Rintel, Richard Banks, Nicolas Wilson

Proceedings of the ACM CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI25) (2025), 23 pp.

"The rise of Generative AI (GenAI) in knowledge workflows raises questions about its impact on critical thinking skills and practices. We survey 319 knowledge workers to investigate 1) when and how they perceive the enaction of critical thinking when using GenAI, and 2) when and why GenAI affects th ... more

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Künstliche Intelligenz in politischen Kampagnen: Akzeptanz, Wahrnehmung und Wirkung

Simon Kruschinski, Pablo Jost, Hannah Fecher, Tobias Scherer

Frankfurt am Main: Otto Brenner Stiftung (2025), 108 pp.

"Im ersten Teil geben wir einen Überblick über den Einsatz von generativer KI in der politischen Kampagnenkommunikation. Insbesondere die generativen KI-Tools ChatGPT und Midjourney werden zunehmend in politischen Kampagnen eingesetzt, um menschenähnliche Texte beziehungsweise fotorealistische Bi ... more

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LAO P.D.R. Artificial Intelligence Readiness Assessment Report

Paris: UNESCO (2025), 72 pp.

"• In the legal context, Lao PDR’s regulatory framework for AI is still nascent. While the government is drafting a National AI Strategy, there are currently no laws addressing core AI issues such as transparency, accountability, or algorithmic redress. Existing frameworks like the Cybercrime La ... w, Data Protection Law and the Digital Government Decree cover general data and computing use but lack AI-specific provisions. AI is referenced in recent constitutional amendments and draft digital transformation policies, but there’s room for improvement in transforming those acknowledgements to clear legal mechanisms to protect citizens and bolster innovation. • For the sociocultural domain, despite progress in gender inclusivity, rural communities in Laos still face limited access to digital technologies due to infrastructure gaps, affordability, and low digital literacy. Successful collaborations with international organizations highlight what’s possible but also stress the need for ongoing investment in local capacity, outreach, and trust-building. Digital initiatives in health and efforts addressing concerns about technology’s environmental impact are evident, but they have not been specifically focused on AI. Digital transformation must also prioritize cultural preservation, including the development of culturally-aware datasets and NLP tools. Currently, most Lao language datasets and NLP tools are lagging participation from native Lao researchers, risking linguistic sovereignty and underrepresenting local dialects, norms, and values. • AI talent and innovation development in Laos needs strong support from its education and research ecosystems. University departments like Computer Science and Software Engineering are small and often siloed, with little crossdisciplinary collaboration. Research output needs some improvement. Promising developments in AI/ICT curricula in K-12 level are welcome, although their effectiveness must be closely monitored. • Laos’s digital economy remains small, constrained by a large informal sector, limited digital infrastructure, and low ICT investment, factors that hinder AI adoption and innovation. While some private companies in sectors such as telecom, banking, logistics, and manufacturing are beginning to use AI tools, and urban populations are gradually adopting app-based lifestyles, broader progress is limited by lagging human capital pipelines, minimal domestic investment, and an underdeveloped startup ecosystem. Foreign-developed platforms still continue to dominate the market, which if continued can limit local developers from developing capabilities and use cases. Aside from that, most Foreign Development Investment (FDI) remains concentrated in resource extraction, and budget shortfalls undermine the sustainability of e-government initiatives. • There is a critical need for a strong commitment to funding both the hard and soft infrastructure that supports AI. This includes enhancing cybersecurity capacity, reliable networks, and data centers and ensuring affordable access to computing infrastructure for AI practitioners and stakeholders." (Executive summary) more

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Humans and AI: differences, opportunities, threats. Reflections around the Note Antiqua et Nova

Dariusz Kowalczyk

Christianity – World - Politics, issue 29 (2025), pp. 139-157

"The article, drawing on the Vatican document Antiqua et nova and Leo XIV’s proclamation of his intention to confront the challenge of new digital technologies, addresses the relationship between natural intelligence, notably human intelligence, and artificial intelligence. In this context, the au ... more

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How-to note: Co-designing AI solutions with crisis-affected communities (beta version)

Sarah W. Spencer, Helen McElhinney, Michael Tjalve, Anjali Mazumder

CDAC Network; Alan Turing Institute; Humanitarian Advisory AI (2025), 17 pp.

"This how-to note offers practical guidance for humanitarian actors seeking to co-design AI solutions with crisis-affected communities. This is related to, though not intended to support the technical co-design of AI models, though there is a significant amount of research on this subject. This how- ... more

Rethinking Open Source in the Age of Foundational AI Models Deep Insights

Key Questions for AI in Public Institutions: Prompts and Resources to Spark Critical Conversation Key Guides

Rethinking Open Source in the Age of Foundational AI Models
Deep Insights

Key Questions for AI in Public Institutions: Prompts and Resources to Spark Critical Conversation
Key Guides