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Journals
Output Type
Journalism and Truth in an Age of Social Media
New York: Oxford University Press (2019), xix, 283 pp.
"This edited volume examines how the growth of social media and ancillary computer systems is affecting the relationship between journalism and the pursuit of truth. Experts explore how news is perceived and identified, presented to the public, and how the public responds to news. They consider soci
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Desinformação: Ameaça ao direito à comunicação muito além das fake news
São Paulo: Intervozes (2019), 46 pp.
"A luta contra a desinformação não é nova, mas atingiu proporções inimagináveis há algumas décadas. O volume de conteúdos, a velocidade e o alcance conferiram mudanças qualitativas ao problema, exigindo um esforço para a descoberta de novas formas de enfrentá-lo. Longe de esgotarmos o a
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Boosting immunity to disinformation: Ukrainian students better detect false information after teachers integrate media literacy into standard subjects
Washington, DC: IREX (2019), 23 slides
"Students who received Learn to Discern (L2D) lessons performed better on all assessment tasks: identifying facts and opinions, false stories, hate speech, and demonstrated deeper knowledge of the news media sector. L2D students reported healthier media consumption habits and behavior and viewed cri
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Dark Religion and Conspiracy Theories: An Analytical Viewpoint
Jung Journal: Culture & Psyche, volume 13, issue 4 (2019), pp. 14-34
"Conspiracy theories have infiltrated increasingly larger areas of cultural and political life. Conspiracism seems to replace or supplement fundamentalist religious beliefs while also supplying material that is, in turn, used for endorsing political and ideological agendas. Similarities between cons
...
Computational Propaganda: Political Parties, Politicians, and Political Manipulation on Social Media
New York: Oxford University Press (2019), vi, 263 pp.
"Computational propaganda is an emergent form of political manipulation that occurs over the Internet. The term describes the assemblage of social media platforms, autonomous agents, algorithms, and big data tasked with the manipulation of public opinion. Our research shows that this new mode of int
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Fake news as a two-dimensional phenomenon: A framework and research agenda
Annals of the International Communication Association, volume 43, issue 2 (2019), pp. 97-116
"Based on an extensive literature review, we suggest that ‘fake news’ alludes to two dimensions of political communication: the fake news genre (i.e. the deliberate creation of pseudojournalistic disinformation) and the fake news label (i.e. the instrumentalization of the term to delegitimize ne
...
Mapping Digital Disinformation Around Elections: A Case Study of Pakistan’s 2018 General Elections
Washington, DC: Center for International Media Assistance (CIMA) (2019)
"The 2018 general election represented one of the first times digital disinformation occurred on a massive scale in Pakistan. This report examines different forms of disinformation that circulated online in the lead up to the 2018 elections and its impact on the country’s political discourse, and
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Disinformation and Electoral Campaigns
Strasbourg: Council of Europe (2019), 40 pp.
The Business of Misinformation: Hungary. Pushing Politics, Picking Pockets
Budapest: Center for Media, Data and Society (CMDS) (2019), 20 pp.
"It is almost impossible to obtain information about who is behind Hungarian misinformation websites; financial information about them is even harder to come by; Hungarian misinformation websites fall on the spectrum from purely ideological sites to simple moneymaking machines; Facebook appears to b
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Harmful Disinformation in Southeast Asia: “Negative Campaigning”, “Information Operations” and “Racist Propaganda” – Three Forms of Manipulative Political Communication in Malaysia, Myanmar, and Thailand
Journal of Contemporary Eastern Asia, volume 18, issue 2 (2019), pp. 68-89
"When comparing media freedom in Malaysia, Myanmar, and Thailand, so-called “fake news” appears as threats to a deliberative (online) public sphere in these three diverse contexts. However, “racist propaganda”, “information operations” and “negative campaigning” might be more accurat
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Weaponised Information in Brazil: Digitising Hate
Tokyo: Toda Peace Institute (2019), 18 pp.
"In the last few years, the world information ecosystem has been flooded by the “fake news” phenomena, augmented by the widespread use of social media. The fragmentation and scale of the new communication tools help spread old ideologies, that uphold racism, homophobia, and oppression. This phen
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Muss man wissen … über Verschwörungstheorien
iz3w, issue 371 (2019), pp. 19-39
"Verschwörungstheorien sind kein Alleinstellungsmerkmal der Rechten und des Rechtspopulismus, sie reichen bis weit in gesellschaftliche Mitte. Auch die linke Szene ist anfällig dafür. Das unreflektierte Gerede von »den Herrschenden«, »den Eliten« oder »den Großmächten« eröffnet eine Quer
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Disinformation: Annotated Bibliography
Toronto: University of Toronto, Citizen Lab (2019), 71 pp.
"This document serves as a reading list and primer on digital disinformation. While the proliferation of literature on the subject is a positive reaction to an otherwise vague yet troubling threat, it can be difficult to grasp how much has been accomplished and what questions remain unanswered. This
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Fake News: A Global Epidemic. Vast Majority (86%) of Online Global Citizens Have Been Exposed to It, with Most (86%) Admitting to Having Fallen Victim to It
Toronto: Ipsos; Centre for International Governance Innovation (2019), 4 pp.
"The findings of a recent Ipsos survey conducted on behalf of the Centre for International Governance Innovation (CIGI) reveal that fake news is very much a global epidemic and that its impact is widespread. The poll of over 25,000 interviews in over 25 economies finds that well over four in five (8
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International Conference on Fake News and Elections in Asia. Conference Proceedings
Bangkog: Asia Centre (2019), 22 pp.
Systematic Literature Review on the Spread of Health-Related Misinformation on Social Media
Social Science & Medicine, volume 240, issue 112552 (2019), 12 pp.
"While examples of the rapid spread of misinformation date back to the earliest days of scientific medicine, the internet, by allowing instantaneous communication and powerful amplification has brought about a quantum change. In democracies where ideas compete in the marketplace for attention, accur
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Russian Information Warfare in Central and Eastern Europe: Strategies, Impact, and Countermeasures
Washington, DC: German Marshall Fund of the United States (2019), 19 pp.
"The dynamism of Russia’s information warfare is best illustrated by the fact that over the last decade it underwent at least two strategic shifts—after the Russian-Georgian war in 2008 and in 2014 when Russia went from being risk-averse and stealthy to increasingly aggressive and risk-taking. E
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A Multi-Dimensional Approach to Disinformation: Report of the Independent High Level Group on Fake News and Online Disinformation
Deep Insights
Luxembourg: European Union (2018), 39 pp.
"In this report, we favour the word “disinformation” over “fake news.” Disinformation, as used in the Report, includes all forms of false, inaccurate, or misleading information designed, presented and promoted to intentionally cause public harm or for profit. Our main message is that the bes
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Issue Brief: Distinguishing Disinformation from Propaganda, Misinformation and 'Fake News'
Washington, DC: National Endowment for Democracy (NED) (2018), 5 pp.
"Disinformation is a relatively new word. Most observers trace it back to the Russian word dezinformatsiya, which Soviet planners in the 1950s defined as “dissemination (in the press, on the radio, etc.) of false reports intended to mislead public opinion.” Others suggest that the earliest use o
...
Disinformation in Elections
Security and Human Rights, volume 29, issue 1/4 (2018), pp. 24-35
"In recent years there has been increasing attention to the potentially disruptive influence of disinformation on elections. The most common forms of disinformation in elections include the dissemination of ‘fake news’ in order to discredit opponents or to influence the voting process, the falsi
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