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Myanmar: Censorship Harms COVID-19 Response

London: Amnesty International (2020), 4 pp.

"The Myanmar authorities should immediately lift curbs on the free flow of information to at-risk communities; ensure journalists, human rights defenders and activists can operate freely and without any harassment, intimidation, arrest, prosecution and imprisonment; and encourage rather than threate ... more

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Protecting the Safety of Journalists, Protecting Freedom of Expression: A Handbook for EU Delegations
Key Guidance

Brussels: Media4Democracy (2020), 102 pp.

"This Handbook, which provides non-compulsory technical guidance to EU Delegations, aims to provide tools and hands-on examples to support them in implementing the the 2014 'EU Human Rights Guidelines on Freedom of Expression Online and Offline' and in taking actions to support the safety and securi ... more

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Understanding and Implementing the EU Human Rights Guidelines on Freedom of Expression Online & Offline: Freedom of Expression Policy Essentials Webinar. Quick Guide for EU Delegations

Brussels: Media4Democracy (2020), 31 pp.

"The EU Human Rights Guidelines on Freedom of Expression Online and Offline (the Guidelines) were approved by the Council of the European Union (EU) in 2014. The Guidelines provide a policy and operational foundation for EU Delegations, EU institutions and Member States working to support freedom of ... more

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Arendt’s Algorithm: AI’s Disenfranchising Effect on Refugees as Examined Through China’s Uighur Population

Gideon Salutin

[author] (2020), 23 pp.

"China’s Integrated Joint Operations Platform (IJOP) operates in Xinjiang by collecting Big Data and alerting authorities to those it deems potentially harmful to the CCP regime. It does so through two major devices: the mobile phone, and the camera. These act as tools of disablement constraining ... more

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Kuba: Keine Besserung in Sicht. Trotz der Verfassungsreform von 2018 bleiben die Grundrechte stark eingeschränkt

Ilse Reyes, Hans-Hartwig Blomeier, Ann-Kathrin Beck

Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung (KAS) (2020), 5 pp.

"Mit einer Reform 2018 wurden die Grundrechte in der kubanischen Verfassung stärker verankert, ein zarter Hoffnungsschimmer für die Bevölkerung. Doch in der Praxis sind die Kubaner noch immer stark eingeschränkt. Besonders die Meinungs- und Versammlungsfreiheit sind erheblich limitiert und werde ... more

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‘Let Us Breathe!' Censorship and Criminalization of Online Expression in Viet Nam

London: Amnesty International (2020), 77 pp.

"On 21 April 2020, Facebook announced a major shift in its content moderation policy in Viet Nam. Under this policy, it has increasingly complied with the Vietnamese authorities’ repressive censorship of online expression deemed critical of the state.3 Facebook has disclosed that it agreed to “s ... more

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Criminal Prosecutions of Online Speech: Outdated and Flawed Laws Used to Restrict Speech in Tunisia

London: Amnesty International (2020), 15 pp.

"An increasing number of prosecutions of bloggers and Facebook users have taken place in relation to their peaceful expression online. They have been investigated or charged or sometimes sentenced on criminal charges including defamation, insulting state institutions and “harming” others through ... more

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Media Freedom in Ashes: Repression of Freedom of Expression in Mozambique

London: Amnesty International (2020), 11 pp.

"Canal de Moçambique is a Mozambican independent weekly newspaper that publishes investigative stories of public concern. Since its inception, Canal has relentlessly pursued and investigated cases of graft and injustice in public service and in political life such that, in the corridors of power, i ... more

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5 Year Strategy 2020-2024

Leipzig: European Centre for Press and Media Freedom (ECPMF) (2020), 13 pp.

"This document sets out ECPMF’s strategic approach to tackle the existing and emerging challenges over the next five years. Starting in September 2019, the creation of this plan is the result of several stages of research, feedback from staff and board members as well as partners and beneficiaries ... more

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Recomendaciones para el cubrimiento de manifestaciones sociales

Bogotá: Fundación para la Libertad de Prensa (FLIP) (2020), 12 pp.

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Introducing Vigilant Audiences

Daniel Trottier, Rashid Gabdulhakov, Qian Huang (eds.)

Cambridge: Open Book Publishers (2020), xiii, 342 pp.

"The authors engage with a range of cross-disciplinary perspectives in order to explore the actions of a vigilant digital audience — denunciation, shaming, doxing — and to consider the role of the press and other public figures in supporting or contesting these activities. In turn, the volume il ... more

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Iran: Tightening the Net 2020. After Blood and Shutdowns

London: Article 19 (2020), 63 pp.

"In November 2019, protests broke out across Iran over a fuel price hike; authorities responded with violence and repression. They also disconnected millions of Iranians from the Internet. Iran’s November shutdowns were unprecedented in length and reach. On a vast scale, they cut people off from v ... more

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Propaganda by Proxy: Ukrainian Oligarchs, TV and Russia's Influence

Jakob Hedenskog, Mattias Hjelm

Stockholm: FOI, Swedish Defence Research Agency (2020), 4 pp.

"The issues of media ownership and Russian propaganda messaging remain an ongoing concern in Ukraine. Of the top 20 most-viewed TV channels in the country, almost all belong to the same people who top the list of Ukraine’s wealthiest oligarchs – Rinat Akhmetov, Viktor Pinchuk, Dmytro Firtash, Se ... more

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Safety of Journalists Covering Protests: Preserving Freedom of the Press During Times of Turmoil

Frank Smyth

Paris: UNESCO (2020), 16 pp.

"Key trends: Harassment, arrests and physical violence against journalists, mostly by government security forces and sometimes by protestors, have risen in recent years; Press freedom and freedom of expression has been impacted in many countries by these attacks; A range of attacks have been identif ... more

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Multi-Donor Programme on Freedom of Expression and Safety of Journalists: Annual Report, 2019

Paris: UNESCO (2020), 163 pp.

"This progress report presents the main findings and achievements of a self-evaluation exercise conducted by the responsible UNESCO project officers at Headquarters and in the relevant Field Offices." (Page 3)

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COVID-19: The Role of Judicial Operators in the Protection and Promotion of the Right to Freedom of Expression: Guidelines

Joan Barata

Paris: UNESCO (2020), 13 pp.

"Judges and courts, both at national and regional levels, will find these guidelines useful to ensure the application of international and regional human rights standards of freedom of expression and privacy when ruling on cases involving States’ responses to the COVID-19 outbreak that have an imp ... more

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"Things Will Never be the Same Again": COVID-19 Effects on Freedom of Expression in Southern Africa, 2020 Research

Teldah Mawarire

Advancing Rights in Southern Africa (ARISA);Internews (2020), 23 pp.

"Sadly the research reveal that COVID-19 temporary measures and laws on lockdowns dented freedom of expression gains that had been made over the years with concerns that if there is no financial intervention or adoption of sustainable revenue solutions in SADC, print media that were already in finan ... more

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Track, Trace, Expel: Reporting on China Amid a Pandemic

Foreign Correspondents' Club of China (2020), 18 pp.

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The Impact of COVID-19 on Digital Rights in Africa

African Declaration on Internet Rights and Freedoms Coalition (2020), 297 pp.

"This publication is a compilation of 19 articles by African researchers, academics, journalists and human and digital rights activists on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on digital rights in Africa. The articles were commissioned by the African Declaration on Internet Rights and Freedoms (AfDec ... ) Coalition as part of its project on “Securing human rights online in Africa through a strong and active ‘African Declaration on Internet Rights and Freedoms’ network”. The AfDec Coalition is a pan-African initiative which promotes human rights standards and principles of openness in internet policy formulation and implementation on the continent, guided by the 13 principles established in the African Declaration on Internet Rights and Freedoms. At the time that the papers were commissioned, in June 2020, African states had either invoked existing policies or adopted new policies for prevention of spread, containment and treatment of the virus that had an impact on the enjoyment of digital rights. For example, most governments employed the use of contact tracing applications to track and trace citizens’ movements and put in place measures criminalising free speech when it contained false information about the pandemic. These two examples had the potential to be abused, particularly the latter, which was used to silence journalists and government critics. The pandemic also moved most citizens’ communication, education, work, trade and access to basic services from physical interactions to primilary online interactions. However, the continent is still largely made up of informal economies, has a low internet penetration rate of 28.2% (far below the global average of around 53%), and has seen an increase in reports of digital rights violations resulting from repressive cyberlaws, making the efforts to address the pandemic inadequate and inequitable. These articles offer reflective analyses on government efforts to curb the COVID-19 pandemic from the perspective of the AfDec principles, with a focus on a number of the principles including privacy and personal data protection, gender equality, freedom of expression, internet access and affordability, and the right to development and access to knowledge." (Introduction) more

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Blasphemy and the Cultivation of Religious Sentiments in Post-2011 Egypt

Monika Lindbekk, Bassam Bahgat

In: Blasphemies Compared: Transgressive Speech in a Globalised World

Lund: Lund University (2020), 21 pp.

Protecting the Safety of Journalists, Protecting Freedom of Expression: A Handbook for EU Delegations Key Guidance

Protecting the Safety of Journalists, Protecting Freedom of Expression: A Handbook for EU Delegations
Key Guidance