Filter
1812
Featured
Free Access
1281
Key Guidance
13
Top Insights
61
Topics
Media Freedom, Press Freedom
656
Press Freedom & Communication Rights Violations
279
Safety of Journalists, Safety Risks of Media Workers
210
Freedom of Expression
183
Digital Media Censorship, Control & Filtering, Internet & Social Media Censorship
147
Media Law & Regulation
141
Censorship
122
Violence Against Journalists & Media Personnel
102
Media / Communication Control
95
Media Landscapes, Media Systems, Media Situation in General
71
Internet Shutdowns
66
Surveillance, Surveillance Technologies, Spyware
64
Killings of Journalists & Media Personnel
63
Freedom of Expression Online, Internet Freedom
60
Media Concentration
60
Media Ownership
60
Communication Rights
54
Cybersecurity, Digital Safety, Privacy, Right to Privacy
46
Impunity for Crimes Against Journalists & Media Personnel
45
Media & Communication Policies
45
Access to Public Information, Freedom of Information, Right to Information
41
Self-Censorship
40
Authoritarian Regimes: Government Communication Strategies
38
Authoritarian Regimes: Media Systems & Landscapes
38
Journalism
35
Media Assistance: Freedom of Expression & Safety of Journalists
34
Internet / Social Media Law & Regulation
32
Democracy / Democratization and Media
30
Media Capture, Vested Political & Other Interests in the Media
30
Freedom of Expression Principles
29
Safety of Journalists: Law & Public Policies
27
Human Rights Violations
27
Defamation Law & Regulation
26
Indirect Censorship, Soft Censorship
25
COVID-19 Pandemic: Effects on Journalism, Media & Communication
25
Journalists Dealing with Risks & Threats, Resilience & Wellbeing of Media Workers
24
Law Enforcement, Litigations, Legal Practice, Case Law, Jurisdiction
24
Content Moderation & Regulation: Social Media
23
Defamation of Religion (Blasphemy)
23
Politics and Media
23
Female Journalists & Media Workers
22
Harassment & Intimidation of Journalists
21
Working Conditions of Journalists & Media Personnel
21
Internet Censorship Circumvention Tools & Strategies
20
Disinformation, Misinformation, Fake News
20
Countering Hate Speech, Disinformation & Propaganda
20
State Influence on the Media
19
Political Economy of Media
19
Conflict Reporting, Armed Conflict Reporting
18
War Reporting
17
Human Rights Protection
17
Access to Internet & Digital Communications
16
Trust in the Media, Credibility of Media
16
Digital Activism, Cyber Advocacy
15
Government Communication Strategies
15
Human Rights
15
News Consumption & Information Sources of Media Users
14
Social Media
14
Media Law & Regulation: International Standards & Practices
14
Protests, Protest Movements, Protest Reporting & Media Representation
14
Democracy
14
Digital Rights
13
Diversity & Pluralism in Media / Communication
13
Internet Governance, Internet Policies
13
Political Transition and Media
13
Watchdog Role of the Media
13
Media Use, Media Consumption
12
Hate Speech, Hate Speech in Social Media
12
Big Digital Platforms, Big Tech Companies
12
Access to Media & Information
11
Independent & Oppositional Media in Authoritarian Regimes
11
Exile Journalism, Exile Media
11
Strategic Lawsuits Against Public Participation (SLAPP)
11
Media Viability & Financial Sustainability
11
Media Law & Regulation: Muslim Countries
11
Public Media, State Media
11
Access to Information Laws, Right to Information Regulation
10
Legal Threats to Media Freedom
10
Facebook
10
Foreign Correspondents
10
Journalists
10
Election Reporting
10
Media Assistance
10
Press
10
Chilling Effects (Discouragement of Legitimate Exercise of Legal Rights)
9
Community Radios
9
Conflict Areas: Media Systems, Media Landscapes, Role of Media
9
Digital Journalism, Online Journalism
9
Investigative Journalism
9
Local Journalism
9
Press Landscapes
9
Shrinking Spaces for Civil Society & Political Actors
9
Digital & Social Media Use, Internet Use
8
Authoritarian Regimes, Dictatorships
8
Freedom of Expression Lobbying & Communication Rights Campaigning
8
Digital Platform & Intermediaries Regulation
8
Democratization & Digital Media / Social Media
8
Media Ownership Regulation & Transparency
8
Associations & Networks of Journalists
8
Propaganda
8
Government Advertising, State Advertising
7
Countering Press Freedom Violations by Legal Actions
7
Internet
7
Media Markets
7
Television Markets
7
Defamation, Libel, Slander
7
Self-Regulation of Media
7
Transnational Media Corporations, International Media Companies
7
European Union (EU)
7
United Nations (UN)
7
Confidential Sources, Whistleblowing, Protection of Journalists' Sources
7
Religious Freedom
7
Political Communication
7
Radio
7
Taliban
7
Communication & Media Indicators
7
Civic Engagement, Citizen Participation, Civil Society & Digital Communication
6
Data Protection: Law & Regulation
6
Censorship Circumvention Tools & Strategies
6
OSCE Representative of Freedom of the Media
6
Government / State Advertising: Allocation Policies & Regulation
6
Crime & Violence Reporting
6
Algorithms & Big Data
6
Cyberbullying, Cyberharassment
6
Political Blogging
6
Media Monopolies & Oligopolies
6
Press Markets
6
Radio Markets
6
History of Media & Communication
6
UNESCO
6
Exiled Journalists
6
Legal Status of Journalists
6
Newspapers
6
Public Service Broadcasting
6
Islam and Communication
6
Civil Society
6
COVID-19 Pandemic: Economic, Political and Social Effects
6
Television
6
Advertising Markets & Industries
5
Advocacy
5
Editorial Independence: Influence of Media Owners
5
United Nations Plan of Action on the Safety of Journalists and the Issue of Impunity
5
Alternative Communication & Media
5
Hate Speech Legislation & Regulation
5
Human Rights Protection & Violations: Media Representation & Reporting
5
Digital Platforms & Intermediaries
5
Search Engines
5
Twitter & Microblogs
5
Ethics in Media & Communication
5
Countering Defamation & Harassment
5
Journalism Ethics
5
Codes of Journalistic Ethics
5
Gender and Media, Gender and Communication
5
Gender-Based Harassment, Intimidation & Violence
5
COVID-19 Communication
5
UNESCO & IPDC Media Assistance
5
Local Communication & Media
5
Post-Socialist Media Systems & Landscapes
5
Civic Engagement, Citizen Participation, Civil Society & Media
4
Authoritarian Regimes: Transnational Repression
4
Editorial Independence
4
Intellectual Property
4
Citizen Journalism, Community Journalism
4
Extremist & Terrorist Digital / Social Media Presence
4
Digital Inclusion
4
Uyghurs, Uighurs
4
Foreign Media Investments, Foreign Media Ownership
4
Gender-Based Online Harassment & Sexual Threats
4
Good Practice Examples
4
History of Media: 19th Century
4
History of Media: 20th Century
4
History of the Press
4
China: Transnational Information Operations, International Broadcasting, Public Diplomacy
4
Journalism Education & Training
4
Journalistic Quality
4
Corruption Reporting & Role of Media in Curbing Corruption
4
Media Reporting, Reporting on Journalism & Communication Issues
4
Political Reporting
4
Media Assistance: Law & Regulation, Media Policy Consultancies
4
Media Development Indicators
4
Media, Mass Media
4
Public Funding & Support Policies for Media
4
Judiciary & Penal System
4
Law & Regulation: Protection of Confidential Sources & Whistleblowers
4
Semi-Authoritarian Regimes & Defective Democracies
4
Internet Service Providers (ISPs)
4
Election Campaigns
3
Political Cartoons & Comics
3
Community Media
3
Russia-Ukraine War <2014-
3
Literature
3
Development and Media
3
Digital Communication, Digital Media
3
Media Convergence
3
Cybercrimes
3
Google
3
Social Media in Political Communication
3
Weibo (Microblogging Website, China)
3
YouTube
3
Artificial Intelligence
3
ICT Industries & Markets
3
Disinformation & Misinformation Law & Regulation
3
Foreign Disinformation, Foreign Information Manipulation Operations, Foreign Propaganda
3
Economics of Media
3
Media Industries
3
Private / Commercial Media Ownership
3
Neoliberalism
3
Accountability & Transparency of the Media
3
Feminism & Communication
3
Nazism
3
International Communication
3
Russia: Foreign Information Operations, International Broadcasting, Public Diplomacy
3
Foreign Policies
3
Council of Europe
3
Reporters Sans Frontièrs
3
Awards & Prizes: Journalism Awards
3
Journalists: Professional Identity & Values
3
Business & Economics Journalism
3
Drug Trafficking Reporting & Media Representation
3
European Union: Media Assistance
3
Media Assistance: Media & Information Literacy
3
Informal Communication Channels, Networks & Structures
3
Television Landscapes
3
Transition Countries: Media Systems & Media Landscapes
3
Media Law & Regulation: Constitutional Law
3
Radio Law & Regulation
3
Financing Media, Financial Media Management
3
Media Companies, Media Corporations, Media Enterprises
3
Populism
3
Democratization
3
Police
3
Election Campaigns: Social Media
3
Public Opinion
3
Public Spheres
3
Manipulation
3
Religion and Communication
3
Islamist Communications & Media
3
Violence
3
Corruption & Combating Corruption
3
SMS
3
Telecommunication Law, Regulation & Policies
3
Digital Divide, Digital Inequalities
2
Advertising
2
Advertising Agencies
2
Editorial Independence: Influence of Advertisers
2
Advocacy Campaigns
2
Gender Advocacy & Empowerment, Gender Mainstreaming
2
Media Advocacy, Media Activism
2
Social Movements: Communication Strategies & Practices
2
Audiences & Users
2
Media Law & Regulation: Authoritarian Regimes
2
Book Markets & Industries
2
Comics, Cartoons, Caricatures
2
Christian Communication
2
Film Markets
2
Encryption, Cryptology
2
Facial Recognition, Biometric Surveillance
2
Secret Services, Intelligence Services
2
Community Radio Regulation & Licensing
2
Media Assistance: Community Radios
2
Terrorism
2
Conflict-Sensitive & Peace Journalism
2
Cyberwarfare, Cyber Operations: Attacking Enemy Computers, Software, and Control Systems
2
Media Assistance in Conflict Regions & Fragile Countries
2
ICT / Internet Projects (Development Aid)
2
Sustainable Development Goals (SDG)
2
Data Governance, Data Justice, Data Sovereignty
2
Digital Ethics, AI Ethics, Social Media Ethics, Data & Information Ethics
2
Digital Media Landscapes
2
Hackers & Hacking
2
WeChat (Messaging, Social Media & Mobile Payment App, China)
2
Digital Market Concentration
2
Blogging, Blogs
2
Telegram
2
Digitalisation, Online Communication & Democracy / Democratization
2
Information Society
2
Diaspora Media
2
Humanitarian Law
2
Economy
2
Environmental Journalism
2
Bribery & Corruption in Journalism
2
Press Councils
2
Media Assistance: Gender Focus
2
Emergency Medical Aid
2
Colonial Legacies
2
History of Journalism
2
Globalisation of Media
2
Satellite Television
2
International Federation of Journalists (IFJ)
2
Information Policies
2
Media & Information Literacy
2
Radio Landscapes
2
Arbitrary Detentions
2
Criminal Law & Criminal Prosecution
2
Law, Legislation, Judiciary (General)
2
Licensing of Media
2
Media Regulation Practices
2
National Security Legislation
2
Nationalisation of Media
2
Press Law & Regulation
2
Regulatory Bodies
2
Media Management
2
Financing Public Service Media
2
Quality Criteria, Quality Standards
2
Diasporas
2
Politics
2
Accountability & Transparency
2
Civic Engagement, Citizen & Community Participation
2
Military
2
Political Persecution
2
Security
2
Opinion Leaders, Politicians, Decision Makers, Elites
2
Kompas (Newspaper, Indonesia)
2
Radio Progreso (El Progreso, Honduras)
2
Media Effects
2
Research in Media & Communication
2
Freedom of the Press Index (Freedom House)
2
Crimes, Criminality, Organized Crime
2
Disappeared People, Missing People
2
Rohingya
2
Networks & Networking
2
Social Change
2
Open Source Software
2
Mobile Phone Apps
2
Telecommunication Companies, Mobile Phone & Fixed Line Operators
2
Theories of Communication & Media
2
Non-Western Communication Approaches
2
Flow of Information
1
Local Advertising & Local Advertising Markets
1
Transnational Advertising, International Advertising
1
Advocacy & Empowerment: Disadvantaged & Vulnerable Groups
1
Advocacy & Political Films
1
Land Property, Land Grabbing, Land Reforms
1
Area & Regional Studies
1
Audience Feedback, Interaction & Participation
1
Internet & Social Media Use: Minorities
1
Media & ICT Use in Authoritarian Regimes / Dictatorships
1
Media Use: Migrants & Diasporas
1
Media Use: Urban Populations
1
Mobile Phone Use
1
Radio Consumption, Radio Use, Radio Audiences
1
Television Consumption, Televison Use, Television Audiences
1
Authoritarian Discourse
1
Media Assistance: Authoritarian Countries
1
Books
1
Book Policies (National & International)
1
Book Trade & Distribution
1
Campaigning
1
Campaigning: Effects & Effctiveness
1
Campaigning: Experiences
1
Digital Media Campaigns
1
Public Awareness Campaigns
1
Catholic Church
1
Catholic Media
1
Catholic Radios
1
Children and Media
1
Communication Pastoral, Media Pastoral
1
Pentecostal Churches & Communication
1
Sects
1
Liberation Theologies
1
Film Trade, Film Export & Import
1
Film Festivals
1
Hollywood
1
Public Film Policies, Film Legislation, Public Film Funding
1
Open Licensing, Creative Commons, Public Domain
1
History of Press Freedom & Censorship
1
Right to be Forgotten
1
Crisis Communication
1
Foreign Government Communication Interventions
1
Local Government Communication Strategies
1
Public Relations
1
Community Communication
1
Community Telecommunication Networks
1
Community Television
1
Participatory Communication
1
Conflicts, Conflict Prevention & Management, Mediation, Peacebuilding
1
Genocides
1
Perpetrators
1
Civil Wars
1
Conflicts and Media
1
Conflict Prevention, Mediation & Reconciliation: Role of Media
1
Conflict-Sensitive / Peace Communication
1
Conflict-Sensitive Radio Journalism, Radio in Conflict Prevention & Transformation
1
Enemy Images
1
Extremism & Terrorism Reporting
1
Human Security Reporting
1
Information Warfare, Psychological Warfare
1
Jamming
1
Discourse & Discourse Analysis
1
Media Criticism
1
Media Quality
1
Media Monitoring, Media Observatories
1
Rumours & Rumour Management
1
Musicals & Operas
1
Cultural Policies
1
Cultural Domination, Media Imperialism, Cultural & Media Dependency
1
Cultural Studies
1
Culture (General)
1
Fans, Fandom, Fan Cultures
1
Authors, Writers
1
Literature: Social Criticism
1
Modernization Development Approaches, Developmentalism
1
Popular Cultures
1
Donor Coordination, Funder Collaboration, Aid Harmonsation
1
Small-Scale Funds
1
World Bank
1
Financing Nonprofit Organizations
1
Information For All Programme (IFAP/UNESCO)
1
Media Assistance Projects & Programs: Case Studies
1
Millenium Development Goals (MDG)
1
Funding Criteria & Priorities
1
Development Communication, Communication for Development (C4D)
1
Visual Aids for Development
1
Digital Criticism
1
Digital Research Methods
1
Indigenous Digital & Social Media Communication
1
Internet and Politics
1
Online Communication
1
Online Dating
1
Journalistic Social Media Use
1
Religion in Social Media
1
TikTok
1
Instagram
1
VK (Russian Social Network)
1
Ethnic / Minority Online Communities & Websites
1
Digitalization, Digital Transformation
1
Gender and ICTs / Internet
1
ICT Development Assistance
1
ICT Regulation
1
Disadvantaged Groups & Communication, Minorities & Media
1
Ethnic Television, Minority Television
1
Minorities
1
Minorities & Disadvantaged Groups: Media Policies & Regulations
1
Minorities & Disadavantaged Groups: Oppression
1
Minorities & Disadvantaged Groups: Reporting & Media Representation
1
Minority Journalists
1
Minority Rights
1
Prisoners & Communication / Media
1
Racism
1
Racism in Communication & Media
1
Racism in Social Media & Digital Communication
1
Religious Minorities & Media
1
Romani People
1
Disaster & Humanitarian Crisis Reporting
1
Famines: Media Representation & Reporting
1
Health Disinformation & Misinformation
1
Documenting Human Rights Violations
1
Digital Economies & Markets
1
Media Clusters
1
Press Distribution
1
Printing Industries
1
Media Market Transparency
1
Music Markets
1
Commodities, Raw Materials, Extractive Industries, Mining
1
Outsourcing
1
Public Goods, Commons
1
Curricula: School Education
1
Education (General)
1
Journalism / Communication Training Centers
1
Training
1
Humour, Parody, Satire
1
Television Entertainment, Television Entertainment Programmes
1
Soap Operas & Telenovelas
1
Television Dramas
1
Media Assistance: Environmental Communication
1
Sustainable Development
1
Defamation: Effects on Victims
1
Editorial Guidelines
1
Journalistic (In)Dependence
1
Fact-Checking & Verification of Sources
1
Sexuality: Media Representation, Sexually Explicit Media Content, Pornography
1
Sensationalist Journalism, Yellow Press
1
Evaluation Criteria, Evaluation Indicators
1
Media Assistance: Evaluation, Monitoring, Impact Assessment
1
Self-Assessment, Self-Evaluation
1
Female Opinion Leaders, Politicians, Decision Makers
1
Feminist Media
1
Gender Representation & Stereotypes in the Media
1
Decolonial & Non-Western Approaches
1
Gatekeepers
1
Health Communication
1
HIV / AIDS Communication
1
Colonial Period
1
Decolonisation & Independence (General)
1
History of Media: Colonial Period
1
History of Radio
1
Indigenous Communication
1
Ethnicity in Communication
1
Intercultural Communication, Intercultural Competencies
1
Africa: Foreign Media Representation & Image Abroad
1
China: Foreign Media Representation & Image Abroad
1
Foreign News, International News
1
Globalisation: Impact on (Local) Media & Communication
1
Influence of Media on Foreign & International Policies
1
International Media Associations / Organizations
1
International Press Institute (IPI)
1
International Media & Communication Policies
1
Communication Rights in the Information Society (CRIS)
1
World Information and Communication Order
1
Media in the Global South / Developing Countries
1
Transnational Broadcasting, International Broadcasting
1
International Radio Broadcasting, Foreign Radio Broadcasting
1
Transnational Television, International Television
1
Transnational & Comparative Communication Research
1
International Organizations
1
OSCE
1
Journalists' Associations & Networks: International Cooperation & Assistance
1
Journalism Sources
1
Journalistic Practices & Routines
1
Journalistic Skills
1
Freelance Journalists & Media Workers
1
Stringers & Fixers (Journalism)
1
News
1
Television News
1
News Agencies
1
Photojournalism
1
Islam: Media Representation & Reporting
1
Sexual Abuse Reporting, Sexual Violence Reporting
1
Television Journalism
1
Kiswahili
1
Language and Media
1
Linguistic Diversity
1
Minority Languages
1
Rhetorics, Public Speaking, Speeches
1
Translations & Translating
1
Local Governance & Accountability: Role of Media
1
Germany: Media Assistance Actors, Practices, Priorities
1
Media Assistance: Elections
1
Media Assistance: Good Practice Examples
1
Media Assistance: Implementing Organizations
1
International Media Support (IMS) (Media Development NGO, Denmark)
1
Media Assistance: Journalists' Associations, Media Associations
1
Media Assistance: Regional Approaches & Experiences
1
Communication
1
Communication & Information Needs
1
Communication Processes
1
Information
1
Interpersonal Communication, Interpersonal Relations
1
Stereotypes in Media & Communication
1
Television Policies
1
Media Literacy: Youth
1
Socialist Media Systems
1
Civil Rights
1
Media Governance
1
Personal Identification (ID) Systems
1
Public Service Broadcasting: Regulation & Governance
1
Right to Reply, Right of Recitification
1
Television Law & Regulation
1
Transitional Justice
1
Change & Process Management
1
Corporate Social Responsibility
1
Broadcasting Companies
1
Konrad Adenauer Foundation
1
PRISA (Spain)
1
Forced Migration, Forced Displacement
1
Folk Songs
1
People with Disabilities & Communication / Media
1
Governance
1
Government Policies
1
Guerillas, Insurgent Groups, Revolutionary Movements
1
Internal Politics
1
Political Change
1
Capitalism
1
Communism, Marxism
1
Fascism
1
Totalitarianism
1
Political Oppression
1
Political Resistance
1
Political Systems
1
Fragile / Post-Conflict States
1
Public Interest
1
Parliaments
1
State of Emergency
1
Agenda Setting
1
Governance & Accountability: Role of Media / Communication
1
Independent & Oppositional Media
1
Influence of Media on Politics
1
National Identity & Media, Nationalism & Communication
1
Perceptions & Attitudes Towards Politics
1
Political Role & Influence of Radio, Radio & Democratization
1
Public Opinion Manipulation
1
El Comercio (Newspaper, Peru)
1
Mirror (Newspaper, Zimbabwe)
1
Project Design, Project Planning
1
Public & State Television
1
Mega FM (Radio Station, Gulu, Uganda)
1
Radio Ndeke Luka (Central African Republic)
1
Influence of Foreign Media on National Politics
1
Oppression
1
Ideologies
1
Social Integration: Role of Media
1
Buddhism
1
Confucianism
1
Fundamentalisms (Religious)
1
Hinduism and Communication
1
Islamic Cultures: Role of Media
1
Muslim Digital Media & Online Communities
1
Judaism and Communication
1
Religion and State
1
Religious Discrimination, Persecution of / Violence Against Religious Groups
1
Indicators & Indices
1
Political Indicators
1
Interviewing (Journalistic Genre)
1
Sciences, Natural Sciences
1
Social Conflicts, Social Problems
1
Assassination
1
Sexual Violence & Abuse, Rape
1
Society
1
Apartheid
1
Revolutions
1
Social Justice
1
Social Classes
1
Technologies, Information & Communication Technologies
1
Digital Television
1
Data Protection (Computer Software)
1
Satellite Communication Technologies
1
Software Security
1
Telecommunications
1
Mobile & Wireless Communications Technologies
1
Mobile Phones, Smartphones
1
Telecommunication Infrastructure
1
Commercial Television
1
Television Channels
1
Al-Jazeera
1
RCTV Radio Caracas Television (Television Channel, Venezuela)
1
Rede Globo (Television Network, Brazil)
1
User-Generated Contents
1
Language
Document type
Countries / Regions
Authors & Publishers
Media focus
Publication Years
Methods applied
Journals
Output Type
Leitfaden für bedrohte Journalist:innen in Deutschland: Zum Umgang mit Bedrohungslagen
Berlin: Neue deutsche Medienmacher (NdM); No Hate Speech Movement Deutschland (2020), 22 pp.
"Im digitalen Zeitalter sind Drohungen schnell verfasst und verschickt. Hass im Netz ist ein großes Problem und kann sich schnell zu einer ernsten Lage für Journalist:innen und Publizist: innen, die in der Öffentlichkeit stehen, entwickeln. Genau deswegen ist es aber wichtig, ernstgemeinte von le
...
Lése-majesté and journalism in Turkey and Europe
"This chapter deals with lèse-majesté laws and their impact on the exercise of freedom of political expression and journalism from the perspective of international human rights law. In doing so, it addresses the chilling effects of the application of a particular crime of lèse-majesté, namely
...
Rationalizing the Gap: How Journalists in a Nondemocratic Regime Make Sense of Their Professional Work
International Journal of Communication, volume 14 (2020), pp. 4781-4802
"This article investigates how news professionals in a nondemocratic regime rationalize their institutional roles and daily reporting practices, negotiate boundaries of their work, and make sense of their professional activities. This study used qualitative interviewing to explore personal experienc
...
Freedom of Expression in Times of Covid-19: Chilling Effect in Hungary and Serbia
Journal of Liberty and International Affairs, volume 6, issue 2 (2020), pp. 14-29
"New technologies have opened several risks to safety of journalists. More importantly, in the state of emergency caused by the Covid-19 outbreak, journalists and media actors have shifted their activities online more than ever, which also made them more prone to digital threats and attacks. In some
...
From repression to oppression: News journalism in Turkey 2013–2018
Media, Culture & Society, volume 42, issue 7-8 (2020), pp. 1443-1460
"The political context for practicing free and independent journalism has always been challenging in Turkey and ever more so after the failed coup d’état of 2016. This article examines and analyzes the changes brought about by this failed coup d’état in terms of their civil, legal, and politic
...
Journalism and self-censorship in the insecure democracies of Central America
"This chapter focuses on the context of violence and political polarization in three Central American countries: Guatemala, Honduras and El Salvador, and analyses how these conditions negatively affect press freedom and the practice of journalism. The author argues that the notion of “insecure dem
...
Strengthening the monitoring of violations against journalists through an events-based methodology
Media and Communication, volume 8, issue 1 (2020), pp. 89-100
"Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) indicator 16.10.1 proposes an important monitoring agenda for the global recording of a range of violations against journalists as a means to prevent attacks on the communicative functions of journalism. However, the need for extensive collection of data on violat
...
Safety and self-censorship: Examining their linkage to social media use among Uganda journalists
"This chapter’s point of departure lies in its focus on how journalists and media organizations navigate through unsafe environments and avoid self-censorship. The study specifically explores the connection between safety and self-censorship and journalist’s deployment of social media in the Uga
...
Chilling or cosy effects? Zimbabwean journalists’ experiences and the struggle for definition of self-censorship
"The definition of censorship denotes direct or overt restriction on free expression or freedom of the media. The popular understanding of self-censorship involves a person’s involuntary self-silencing. A journalist’s wilful, personal, intentional self-censorship, at times motivated by selfish m
...
COVID-19 and the Impact on Freedom of Expression, Access to Information and Freedom of the Media
International Media Support (IMS) (2020), 8 pp.
"This paper is intended to provide IMS departments and colleagues with an overview of the trends and challenges to freedom of expression, freedom of the media and access to information stemming from national governments’ responses to the Coronavirus pandemic. First, the paper look into the general
...
Online surveillance and the repressive Press Council Bill 2018. A two-pronged approach to media self-censorship in Nigeria
"This chapter examines the perceptions of Nigerian journalists towards the Nigerian Press Council Bill 2018 and the governments’ online surveillance. The study employs survey and interview methods: 217 Nigerian media practitioners selected from print and online media responded to the questionnaire
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Press Freedom in Contemporary Asia
Top Insights
London; New York: Routledge (2020), xii, 402 pp.
Freedom on the Net 2020: The Pandemic's Digital Shadow
Top Insights
Washington, DC: Freedom House (2020), 33 pp.
"Three notable trends punctuated an especially dismal year for internet freedom. First, political leaders used the pandemic as a pretext to limit access to information. Authorities often blocked independent news sites and arrested individuals on spurious charges of spreading false news. In many plac
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The Public Sphere in Russia Between Authoritarianism and Liberation
Javnost: The Public, volume 27, issue 1 (2020), pp. 2-96
Censorship, the Media, and the Market in China
Journal of Chinese Political Science, volume 25 (2020), pp. 285–309
"Pervasive media censorship in China is often seen as a strictly political issue. Although in past years reporters have had leeway to report on economic issues, the Chinese Party/state has moved to tamp down economic journalism, even arresting those who report on bad economic news. This shift brings
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Tabloid Journalism and Press Freedom in Africa
Cham: Palgrave Macmillan (2020), x, 184 pp.
"This book studies tabloid journalism newspapers within the broader context of press freedom in Africa. After defining tabloid journalism and professional practices within various political contexts, the book then proceeds to consider tabloids in Southern Africa and emerging cyberspace laws. Many fa
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"The Chinese state has demonstrated a propensity for controlling and shaping the information environment of the Chinese diaspora—including via WeChat. The meteoric growth of TikTok has now put the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) in a position from which it can shape the information environment on a
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