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Countries / Regions
Authors & Publishers
Media focus
Publication Years
Methods applied
Journals
Output Type
The Press-safety Paradox of Democracies: Regime-type Duration and Journalist Killings
Foreign Policy Analysis, volume 17, issue 1, oraa007 (2021), [no pag.]
"Previous research finds that journalist killings are more likely to occur in democracies rather than non-democracies. While these results provide an important first step in exploring regime type's effect on journalist's safety, they assume no variation in how long countries have remained a regime t
...
The Global Expression Report 2021: The State of Freedom of Expression Around the World
Deep Insights
London: Article 19 (2021), 171 pp.
"The Global Expression Report is a global, data-informed, annual look at freedom of expression worldwide. With the benefit of data and hindsight, we take a look at 2020 – how this fundamental right fared, what the key trends were, and how global events affected its exercise. The Global Expression
...
Media Environment Before and After 2021 Elections: Threats and Supportive Instruments
Tbilisi: Media and Communication Educational and Research Center (MCERC) (2021), 65 pp.
"The study revealed the macro and micro media threats that come to light in the digital and physical media environments prior to and following elections. The media environment observed during the 2021 self-government elections was representative of the reality seen through the eyes of media workers,
...
The new constitution freezing the press: Freedom of expression and statutory limitations in Libya
Cogent Arts & Humanities, volume 8, issue 1 (2021), 16 pp.
"This study examined the Libyan conflict which started in 2011 until now. In the same way, the study also focused on how Libyan journalists are fighting for media freedom, particularly in the context of the media laws in the new Constitution of 2017. Through focus group discussions were done with 40
...
Digital Authoritarianism and Nonviolent Action: Challenging the Digital Counterrevolution
Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace (USIP) (2021), 23 pp.
"This report examines how use of newer and emergent technologies affects nonviolent action campaigns. It identifies two significant related challenges and presents evidence of these dynamics at work in two digital autocracies, China and Russia." (About the report)
The Oxford Handbook of Freedom of Speech
Oxford: Oxford University Press (2021), xxiii, 584 pp.
"The liberty to speak freely is often questioned; what is the relationship between this freedom and other rights and values, how far does this freedom extend, and how is it applied to contemporary challenges? This handbook seeks to answer these and other pressing questions. It provides a critical an
...
Subordinating Freedom of Expression to Human Dignity: Promoting or Undermining Journalism—A Case of Zimbabwe
African Journalism Studies, volume 42, issue 2 (2021), pp. 43-58
"Motivated by a 2014 Constitutional Court opinion that under Zimbabwe’s new constitution of 2013, freedom of expression might have to be considered as subordinate to human dignity, the study analyses the implications of this on journalistic practice. The study argues that such a move would undermi
...
Media Freedom in the Western Balkans
Aspen Insitute Germany (2021), 45 pp.
Online Intimidation: Controlling the Narrative in the Balkans. Annual Digital Rights Report 2021
Balkan Investigative Reporting Network (BIRN) (2021), 64 pp.
"From August 2020 until August this summer, we recorded almost 800 cases of digital rights violations in eight countries of south-eastern Europe: Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Hungary, Kosovo, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Romania and Serbia. Violations took place not just on TikTok, but also on F
...
"This report explores how the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) uses foreign social media influencers to shape and push messages domestically and internationally about Xinjiang that are aligned with its own preferred narratives. Our research has found key instances in which Chinese state entities have s
...
Digital Shutdowns and Social Media: Spatiality, Political Economy and Internet Shutdowns in India
Cham: Springer (2021), xxi, 176 pp.
"Internet shutdowns have occurred in India for several reasons, mainly to hinder the spreading of information through social media - this is discussed in detail along with political motives behind this and how this can conflict with government policies, such as the flagship program "Digital India" w
...
Spyware: An Unregulated and Escalating Threat to Independent Media
Washington, DC: Center for International Media Assistance (CIMA) (2021), 20 pp.
"Spyware is increasingly used by governments around the world to silence independent media. The use of spyware poses safety risks to journalists and their sources, encourages self-censorship, and creates new financial and operational strains for news outlets. Media advocates, news outlets, and polic
...
Is There a Global Norm for the Protection of Journalists’ Sources?
In: Regardless of Frontiers: Global Freedom of Expression in a Troubled World
New York: Colombia University Press (2021), pp. 116-142
"People frequently provide journalists with information to report to the public. Some don't want their identity revealed. This chapter is about the rules that protect journalists from being compelled to reveal the identities of such people. It examines wether there is a global norm that journalists'
...
"Among the various forms of online censorship, internet shutdowns are some of the most invasive and blunt. Unlike traditional forms of censorship like blocking internet pages or certain content, these disruptions to digital communications are architectural and affect a preliminary condition in the i
...
Freedom of Expression in Islam: Challenging Apostasy and Blasphemy Laws
London et al.: Tauris (2021), xi, 253 pp.
