"The quality of journalistic reporting in Tanzania reveals a twofold pattern. On the one hand, there is a significant increase in quality in 2022 relative to the quality performance reported in 2019. In fact, the performance in many quality criteria for all media types has improved in terms of multi
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ple sourcing, reporting from more than one perspective, explaining root causes. Nevertheless, these improved performance levels still need further enhancement for tangible benefits to materialise. On the other hand, some areas remain entirely low-key and need drastic changes. In this regard, there are still fewer pieces than 2019 offering opinion and viewpoints (11%), and hardly any media pieces showing opposing viewpoints in the same unit (below 2%). Moreover, few media units (below 4%) express arguments critical of the government. This neglected area should be a source of grave concern and one that requires attention from all and sundry in the media fraternity. The positive development occurred mainly on TV newscasts and programmes. Multiple sourcing, reporting with more perspectives, root causes manifested in 2022 mainly in both TV newscasts and programmes. A notable increase in performance is also evident in radio news, albeit on a lesser scale than on TV. In radio programmes, the performance level has stabilised with no notable upward movement. In contrast, newspapers exhibited a minor positive development. Apparently, some TV and radio stations improved their quality of journalistic reporting at a time when the print sector stagnated." (Executive summary)
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"The study finds that journalistic and fact-checking disinformation responses in the country have struggled due to lack of conceptual understanding of disinformation among journalists, monetization trends that incentivize sensationalist news and reduce the impact of capacity building initiatives, la
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ck of financial sustainability of responses, language barriers, and political backlash. At the same time, the research finds that local capacity building responses have improved the ability of individual journalists to understand Covid-19 misinformation and hashtag manipulation on Twitter whereas fact-checking responses have led to the development of efficient workflows, informed recruitment principles, contextual verification practices, and collaboration with social networks to downrank viral online disinformation. The study also confirms findings from literature that disinformation is negatively affecting the work and safety environment of Pakistani digital journalists. The journalists surveyed for this research reported that disinformation has increased their risk of getting deceived by fake social media posts during online newsgathering. In addition, most women journalists surveyed for the study said they were targeted with gendered disinformation campaigns, which caused them physical, psychological or reputational harm. A majority of surveyed women digital journalists also believed that they face additional challenges to counter disinformation due to their gender identity. The digital journalists who participated in the survey identified fact-checking training as their most urgent need to counter disinformation." (Executive summary, page 8)
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"In recent decades, speech-based radio stations in Spain, whose programmes have been aimed at the general public, have transformed their on-demand content broadcasting strategy by incorporating audio processes in the form of podcasts, followed by transmission through websites, aggregators and applic
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ations. The overall objective of this article is to provide a detailed account of the evolution and scope of the podcast as an on-demand distribution channel for speech-based Spanish radio broadcasters, and to reveal how this format is changing the approaches taken by the most prominent national radio stations [Cadena SER, COPE, Onda Cero, and Radio Nacional de España (RNE)], with special emphasis on prime-time morning shows. The methodology employed combines quantitative and qualitative techniques along with an analysis of the content uploaded to the website of these morning programmes, which are part of the weekly programming cycle, together with semi-structured interviews using closed-ended questions that have been given to the main heads of programming and digital areas of the broadcasters under study. The results show that radio stations have incorporated podcast distribution into their usual routine in order to give new life to the content emitted, with the aim of serving both traditional users as well as new generations of digitised native listeners. In addition, they process daily content in an increasingly systematic way, on the basis of a model of mixed management coordination between programmes and digital areas. Similarly, broadcasters have made considerable progress in the measurement and analysis of the time-shifted audience, as well as in broadcast multiplication techniques using push notifications, social media, and monetisation." (Abstract)
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"Presentamos este estudio como una contribución relevante para entender los profundos cambios y las tendencias del periodismo en América Latina, a partir de un análisis riguroso del paisaje mediático, así como del mapeo y caracterización de 1.521 medios nativos digitales verificados en 12 paí
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ses de la región. Se trata de una investigación única que permite conocer quiénes son, dónde se encuentran y en qué se diferencian estos medios digitales de naturaleza muy diversa: hiperlocales, feministas, sobre medio ambiente, de chequeo, narrativos, colaborativos, culturales, de control público, de temas sociales y políticos, entre otras causas y enfoques de agenda. Los hallazgos son a la vez desafiantes y alentadores. Los medios nativos digitales latinoamericanos muestran una gran vitalidad a pesar de condiciones adversas de distinto tipo. Es revelador que en el último año hayan surgido medios en Guatemala, Nicaragua, Bolivia y Venezuela, países donde se han vivido incidentes en relación con la libertad de expresión, con casos de presiones, censura o vigilancia de los gobiernos sobre la labor periodística. Algo que distingue las búsquedas de los medios nativos digitales estudiados es que priorizan la calidad de la información y su foco está en aportar una visión propia, impulsar sociedades más democráticas y libres y construir relaciones firmes con sus audiencias. Son medios que en su mayoría hablan a una comunidad, pero también están dentro de ella." (Presentación, página 7-8)
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"El informe [...] analiza el impacto de la COVID-19 en los medios de comunicación masivos de Argentina, Chile, Brasil, Uruguay, Paraguay, Bolivia, Perú, Ecuador, Colombia, Venezuela, Costa Rica, Panamá, México, Honduras, Nicaragua y España. Durante la pandemia, el mundo entero se detuvo, pero l
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a industria periodística funcionó con una intensidad extraordinaria. Los profesionales de medios no solo debieron responder a una demanda de información sin precedentes, sino también enfrentar desafíos adicionales asociados a la falta de financiamiento, la labilidad de la seguridad física y laboral, la reestructuración de las condiciones y los modos de trabajo y fenómenos como la desinformación, entre otros aspectos. En la presentación [...] el presidente de ADEPA Daniel Dessein dijo que “en Latinoamérica la recuperación ha sido relativa, dejando vulnerable al periodismo, en tiempos en el que su función se torna más necesaria. En el período analizado crecieron los niveles de polarización, desinformación y debilitamiento institucional de nuestras sociedades. El periodismo es un factor imprescindible para contrarrestar estos avances. Por eso es tan relevante contar con un diagnóstico adecuado sobre la salud de la prensa para poder plantear vías adecuadas para su recuperación y fortalecimiento”. Por su parte, Adriana Amado, presidenta de Infociudadana, explicó que “la pandemia generó que la humanidad acelerara los tiempos de digitalización, y a su vez mostró que no en todos los lugares de Latinoamérica en contraste con España, estaba la estructura necesaria para que la conectividad fuera confiable. Si bien esto es crítico para toda la sociedad, es excluyente para la labor y función de medios y periodistas de localidades donde no hay buen acceso a la conectividad”. (https://adepa.org.ar)
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"Journalism is often referred to as one of the most important knowledge-producing institutions in society, yet also one facing numerous challenges, among which the safety of journalists critical. Public visibility as a journalist, having thousands of followers on social media, was until recently asp
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ired by many in the field. However, this may well be disadvantageous to journalists scrutinizing sensitive topics, encountering actors that do their best to outright undermine and delegitimize journalism, also in Western democracies. This article begins by introducing and discussing research and ongoing developments relating to journalism and safety. It then turns to the sociotechnical and three-dimensional concept we call Newsafety, encompassing infrastructures, practices and consequences. Moreover, the article introduces and highlight key contributions from the special issue, which features six original articles and two invited commentaries. In closing, we call for interdisciplinary research focusing especially on psychological- and digital issues related to the UNESCO research agenda on the safety of journalists." (Abstract)
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"Diaspora journalists and digital media play an important role as stakeholders for war-ridden homeland media landscapes such as Syria. This study analyzes, from a safety in practice perspective, the physical and digital threats that challenge the work of Syrian citizen journalists examining the role
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of three online advocacy networks created by Syrian diaspora journalists to promote newsafety. Through a meta-journalistic discourse analysis of the networks’ published visions and missions, and 12 in-depth interviews with the founders and other selected members of the networks, the paper investigates how journalists working for these networks perceive threats, what counterstrategies they adopt, and how they understand the changing nature of their roles. Findings demonstrate that diaspora journalists perceived physical and digital threats as inescapable, following them across borders. Counterstrategies are implemented through collaborations with civil society actors and human rights organizations, aiming to offer professional safety training programs and emergency rescue for journalists under attack, but also through the release of safety guides or codes of conduct. Grounded on the findings, we propose four novel journalistic roles for promoting newsafety from exile: sousveillance, defender, trainer, and regulator/policy developer. While the networks follow some traditional journalistic ideologies, they also show a hybrid conceptualization of journalism." (Abstract)
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"It did not take long after the first Russian tanks rolled across the border into Ukraine for the Russian government to tighten its censorship laws. The Duma (parliament), the media supervisory authority Roskomnadzor, the Public Prosecutor’s Office, and the Ministry of Justice joined forces to com
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bat any media that might threaten the Kremlin’s control over how the ›special operation‹ in Ukraine is viewed. Rushed through, the new laws target allegedly ›false information‹ and set out both large fines and custodial sentences of up to 15 years. Numerous independent media websites were blocked, and at least 150 journalists were forced into exile by a wave of repression. Yet their voices have not been silenced – they have found new ways and formats, even in other languages and from other countries. How do independent journalists manage to provide truthful, critical reporting under conditions of wartime ensorship? Which channels do they use to ask questions that the Kremlin does not want to hear, and give answers that Roskomnadzor would not allow? Where do they find scope for free reporting? How do users get around blocks online? An insight into a media andscape divided into two worlds: before and after February 24, 2022." (Abstract)
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"Day in, day out, we journalists receive images from combat zones in Ukraine, without knowing whether they are authentic or have been manipulated. It is our job to find out, conducting analysis that takes both time and basic knowledge of image forensics. There are many testing tools and platforms fo
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r this. But many of those working in journalism are unsure about what exactly these tools look at and how to interpret the findings they produce [...] Image forensics and source analysis cannot convict war criminals – but they can be used to research initial indications of when and where a crime was committed. And it is vital that people are warned against the error of relying solely on a reverse image search to detect manipulation of videos and photos. This paper examines these problem areas, as well as the urgent need to incorporate these research methods into journalistic training at all levels." (Abstract)
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"[...] la Relatoría Especial ofrece en este informe un análisis de los patrones de discriminación que las mujeres periodistas y las trabajadoras de los medios de comunicación experimentan en las redacciones y/o en su lugar de trabajo a luz de los estándares interamericanos, con énfasis en la s
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ubrepresentación y la segregación horizontal y vertical de las mujeres en los medios de comunicación, las brechas salariales entre varones y mujeres, la ausencia de estrategias para garantizar que quienes desarrollan tareas de cuidado no vean afectadas sus trayectorias profesionales y/o sus oportunidades laborales y otras prácticas de discriminación interseccional. Del mismo modo, el informe considera las diferentes formas de violencia basada en género al interior de los medios de comunicación, incluida la violencia y el acoso sexual. Reconociendo su rol protagónico en la materia, el informe ofrece lineamientos sobre las acciones que las empresas de medios de comunicación están llamadas implementar para la erradicación y el abordaje de estas prácticas." (Introducción, página 10-11)
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"The report found seven significant frames to stories about business in Africa:
1 More negative coverage: International media are more likely to negatively frame issues that impact on business in Africa while African media are twice as likely to reference corruption in their coverage of business in
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Africa compared to international media.
2 Foreign powers scramble for Africa: 70% of international coverage about business in Africa is dominated by references to foreign powers like China, the USA, Russia, France and the UK.
3Africa is two countries: Business in Africa coverage focuses on South Africa and Nigeria while business stars like Mauritius, Botswana, the Seychelles and Namibia get little coverage and research attention.
4. Silencing creativity, amplifying technology: Despite Nollywood being the world’s second-largest film industry and the growing influence of musical influences like AfroBeats and AmaPiano, creative businesses were only featured in 1% of all articles across African and global media.
5. Youth and women are underrepresented: Africa claims the top three spots in the Mastercard Index for the highest concentration of women business owners in the world. It also has the youngest population globally. However, youth and women are underrepresented. In fact, online news coverage of young people has declined since 2017, falling from 12.5% of articles referencing young people in 2017 to 8.1% in 2021.
6. Government, policy and regulations dominate: Around 54.5% of business news in 2021 was framed through government action and policies. Additionally, African media focused more on themes related to government than on those related to entrepreneurship. Yet, African countries make up six of the top 10 countries whose populations were most likely to search for the topic of entrepreneurship in 2021.
7. Missing Free Trade Area and investment: It makes up 1% of news and academic research, yet the agreement is expected to lift 30 million Africans out of extreme poverty and boost the incomes of nearly 68 million others. It’s also projected to boost Africa’s income by $450 billion by 2035 and increase Africa’s exports by $560 billion, mostly in manufacturing." (Executive summary, pages-5-6)
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"Die elf Beiträge der Autor:innen aus Medienwissenschaft und -praxis untersuchen Finanzierung, Produktion und Distribution medialer Öffentlichkeiten sowie Themen, Formate und Rezeption auf ihre Defizite und ihr progressives Potential. Die Analysen und Essays argumentieren unter anderem für die Ve
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rgesellschaftung der Plattformstrukturen sozialer Medien, legen den Reformbedarf im Öffentlich-Rechtlichen Rundfunk dar und plädieren für eine stärkere Repräsentation von Arbeiter:innen in Redaktionen und Berichten." (Verlagsbeschreibung)
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"Making Radio and Podcasts is a practical guide for anyone who wants to learn how to make successful programmes in the digital era. It examines the key roles in audio and podcasting: announcing, presenting, research, copywriting, producing, marketing and promotions. It also outlines what is involved
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in creating different types of programmes: news and current affairs, music, talkback, comedy and features, podcasts, as well as legal and regulatory constraints. With contributions from industry experts, the fully updated fourth edition is global in focus and reflects the impact of podcasts and digital radio, including multi-platform delivery, listener databases, social media and online marketing. It also examines how radio stations have reinvented their business models to accommodate the rapid changes in communications and listener expectations." (Publisher description)
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"Die Medien spielen eine zentrale Rolle bei der Normalisierung von Gewalt gegen Frauen und unterstützen zum Teil schädliche Einstellungen, Verhaltensweisen und Stereotypen, die diese Gewalt begünstigen. Gleichzeitig können Medienakteur*innen dabei mitwirken, das Blatt zu wenden und aktiv zum Abb
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au von Gewalt gegen Frauen und Femiziden beizutragen. Gemäß der Richtlinie 11.2 des Pressekodex sollten Medien bei der Berichterstattung über Gewalttaten das Informationsinteresse der Öffentlichkeit stets mit den Interessen der Opfer und Betroffenen sorgsam abwägen und dabei die Vorgänge unabhängig und authentisch beschreiben." (Seite 1)
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