"In a nutshell, this research reveals that indigenous Tamil Christian satellite television channels [i.e., Angel TV, Aaseervatham TV, Madha TV, Power of God TV, Salvation TV] are liked by the Christian viewers. The viewers watch those channels for the gratifications of moral, psychological, and reli
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gious benefits. Therefore, the religious television channels have multiple responsibilities of gratifying the viewers morally, socially, culturally, and psychologically. This research makes a gentle recommendation to the Christians in Tamil Nadu that they may watch Tamil Christian religious channels to fulfil their religious, moral, psychological, social, cultural, educational, and family needs." (Page 238)
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"The study sought to find out radio listenership among women in Kipkelion West Sub-County, to establish the choice of radio programs and stations that interests the women, to assess the preference of radio to other mass communication media among women and to find out the gratifications women seek to
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satisfy from listening to radio programs. The research was based on the theory of the uses and gratification which is concerned with what people do with the media rather than what media does to the people [...] The study found that majority of the respondents indicated that they had radios in their households and they listen to it. The study also found out that Majority of the women listened to radio mostly in the evening and morning hours. Chamgei FM was the most preferred radio station. News and agricultural programs were the most preferred programs. Finally the study found out that women listened to radio to be informed and entertained. This study concludes that radio is a very common communication channel among women and thus it should be well utilized by development practitioners. The study recommends that Radio programmers should schedule important programs or messages in the evening and early morning when listenership is high. Radio programs should be produced in an edutainment format and to enhance listenership of radio in this region it is necessary that the government enhances infrastructure such as electricity." (Abstract)
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"Con el objetivo de incluir a toda la población del paÃs en las audiencias radiales, el Grupo RPP encargó una investigación a nivel nacional rural que representa el 22% de la población, según cifras oficiales del INEI. De este modo, al juntar los resultados de la audiencia de esta investigaciÃ
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³n con la audiencia radial a nivel urbano que se maneja en la industria publicitaria, se obtiene una audiencia integral a nivel total Perú. Para el caso se manejó una muestra panel de 1,200 personas distribuidas en 150 caserÃos en 24 departamentos, respetando el peso poblacional rural de cada uno de ellos. Los caserÃos fueron elegidos estrictamente al azar a partir de la base de datos de centros poblados rurales del INEI. La importancia de esta investigación es que permite estimar el gran potencial que tiene la radio al alcanzar a nivel Perú Rural el 81,5% (4’0 millones de personas de 11 a más años) en el término de una semana. El total de audiencia rural semanal representa el 18% y a nivel audiencia urbana el 82% del total nacional. Las emisoras locales en la zona rural tienen una mayor presencia respecto a las emisoras nacionales. Según emisoras, R.P.P. alcanza durante la semana al 26,6% de esta población de 11 a más años, que representa 1’3 millón de personas que escuchan esta radio, en menor medida se ubica Nueva Q con un alcance semanal de 3,8%, le sigue La Karibeña con 3,5%, Moda 2,7% y Exitosa 2,1% entre las más destacadas." (Página 1)
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"This volume examines the lived experiences of Africans and their interaction with different kinds of media: old and new, state and private, elite and popular, global and national, material and virtual. By offering a comparative, critical and largely qualitative account of audiences and users across
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a range of national contexts in different regions of Africa, the book examines media through the voices and perspectives of those engaging with it rather than reducing audiences and users to numbers and statistics, ready to be exploited as potential target markets or as political constituencies. The critical, qualitative research perspective adopted in this book enables us to gain a better understanding of how African viewers, listeners and users make sense of a range of media forms; what role these play in their everyday lives and what audience and user engagement can tell us about how citizens perceive the state, how they imagine themselves in the wider world and how they relate to each other. The book argues that the experiences of audiences and engagements of users with a range of media—newspapers, radio, television, magazines, internet, mobile phones, social media—are always grounded in particular contexts, worldviews and knowledge systems of life and wisdom: ‘It is akin to the tortoise. The tortoise never leaves its shell behind. It carries it wherever it goes’ (Chivaura 2006: 221). African media audiences and users carry their contexts and cultural repertoires in the same way a tortoise carries its shell. Thus far, the bulk of academic research on media and communication in Africa has addressed the policy and regulatory aspects as well as the relation between media institutions and the state (Willems 2014a). While studies on media, democratization and press freedom are invaluable, the ways in which ordinary people make sense of, and relate to, media in their everyday lives are largely left beyond consideration. As Barber (1997: 357) has pointed out, ‘[w]hat has not yet been sufficiently explored is the possibility that specific African audiences have distinctive, conventional modes and styles of making meaning, just as performers/speakers do. We need to ask how audiences do their work of interpretation’." (Page 4)
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"Turks still have a large number of media outlets available to them, though press freedom is increasingly circumscribed. A significant portion of the population – especially among the better educated – express some degree of dissatisfaction with Turkish media. No single media outlet enjoys clear
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dominance. Widespread access to satellite TV and digital technologies means those who wish to can and do take advantage of foreign media. Among younger Turks, Internet has become the #1 platform for news. Attitudes towards the U.S. appear less negative than in much of the Islamic world, especially among younger Turks." (Key takeaways, Slide 45)
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"Although television is still the number one media for Ukrainians, it continues to lose its audience share. The positions taken by other traditional media (e.g. radio, print) remain stable. The growth in the size of the online population has stagnated and the number of internet users and those getti
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ng news from social networks has decreased, which could have been caused by restrictions to access to popular social networks and websites in Ukraine (e.g. VKontakte, Odnoklassniki). The share of passive media audience is increasing - over a one month period, a higher number of people did not use media to obtain news. This is especially true when it comes to younger audiences." (Key findings, page 5)
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"Audience measurement techniques currently fail to provide a clear picture of trends in children’s television viewing because of the diversification in devices on which television content can be viewed. It is argued that understanding how children engage with television content is undermined by co
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mmonplace but problematic comparisons of time spent on television viewing and on Internet use, in which it is widely believed that children are deserting ‘television’ for ‘the Internet’. Although it is already well known that television content can be viewed on Internetenabled devices such as tablets, smartphones and laptop computers while Internet content and services can be accessed via Internet-enabled television sets, such viewing cannot be measured satisfactorily at present. While no doubt measurement techniques will continue to improve in accuracy, this article suggests that such measurement difficulties matter at a time when children’s public service broadcasting provision is falling and further threatened." (Abstract)
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"Segmented media audiences often reflect deeper divides within a society. As the relationship between race and class is dynamically changing in South Africa, I investigate to what extent students from different racialised and socio-economic backgrounds differ in their media consumption habits. I con
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ducted a survey (n = 1221) and two focus group interviews (N = 14) at a relatively integrated and prestigious university. Bi- and multivariate analysis revealed that both race and socio-economic background genuinely affected the formation of consumption habits. Students from all groups used local journalistic products, but white students rarely consumed local entertainment productions. Among students from stronger socio-economic backgrounds, consumption preferences converged towards a global entertainment orientation, with types of schooling being more influential than household income. I discuss language barriers, physical access, the relatability of global/local media content, and peer group dynamics as potential underlying mechanisms." (Abstract)
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"Russian speakers in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania rank Kremlin-backed media as the least trustworthy among international, Russian Federation and domestic news sources, according to research presented by the Broadcasting Board of Governors. In addition, only those survey respondents who considered R
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ussian-backed media to be credible showed a majority support for President Vladimir Putin’s domestic and international policies. In the three Baltic nations and Moldova, consuming Russian-backed media did not correlate with support for Russia’s policies. The BBG data found that domestic media ranked first in trustworthiness in Estonia (80 percent) and Latvia (79 percent). International media took first in Lithuania (74 percent) and in Moldova there was a statistical tie between international media (45 percent), Russian-backed media (42 percent) and domestic media (42 percent)." (BBG website)
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"Key takeaways: Internet use is increasing rapidly, but not replacing TV; Increases vary significantly by province; Internet trends will change as Iraqi government and ISIS vie for control of media." (Slide 32)
"Kurds live in a different media environment and rely primarily on Kurdish language TV; D
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ifferences in substantive interests; Historical differences in media access between Iraqi Kurdistan and rest of Iraq have disappeared; Facebook and other forms of social-media based news sharing are increasingly important." (Slide 46)
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"There are a sizeable number of people who have never had access to any form of media or device. Roughly one in three (34%) respondents have never had access to radio, television, newspapers, internet, or mobile phones. Furthermore, media is less accessible for women than it is for men. It is more c
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ommon (39%) for women to never have had access to any type of media than for men (26%). Overall, radio remains the most commonly accessed type of media (51%) and, not surprisingly, has a larger weekly reach (38%) than all other forms of media. This means that 4 out of 10 respondents listen to a radio on a weekly basis, roughly triple the rate of respondents who watch television on a weekly basis (13%) or read a newspaper on a weekly basis (10%). While access to television, newspapers, and internet remains sparse, mobile phone penetration levels are nearing levels of radio access." (Executive summary, page 3)
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"Between November 2015 and February 2016, MICT conducted in-depth interviews and focus groups with a total of 88 Syrian and Iraqi refugees in Berlin. The central aim of the interviews was to investigate which sources of information refugees were using, before, during and after their transit, in orde
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r to find out more about their routes, their risks and their destinations, as well as any other relevant information. The study’s results show how refugees rated certain forms of information – that is, how much they trust various sources – as well as which sources of information are used in which stages of their journey to a new land. Additionally the results also show that the majority of the refugees feel that they are well informed on relevant topics, before and during their transit. Above all, the interviewees in this study trusted interpersonal communication. Traditional media played a lesser role. It was only upon arriving in Germany that the refugees began to feel less well informed. Many of the refugees described themselves as confused about life in this new country, thanks to language barriers and limited access to media and other relevant information in Germany." (Abstract)
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"In 2008, the European Broadcasting Union (EBU) proposed some guidelines to radio broadcasters designed to activate the recovery of younger listeners. They did this after observing that radio’s penetration among the youngest sectors was in decline. According to this report, the key to halting this
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decrease was to join forces with the Internet, since the latter accounted for the main lack of interest in radio among this particular demographic, especially as far as music radio was concerned. The main focus of the guidelines was therefore on the online environment. What was recommended was that attention should be paid to website development and promotion with particular emphasis on the issue of interactivity. However, taking these steps might not in itself be enough to halt young people’s loss of interest in radio. Understanding and interpreting this disaffection also requires the use of methodological research tools—including the study of quantitative data provided by audience measurement companies, organisations that analyze the listening habits and expectations of young people. In this chapter, the methodological tools designed to address this communicative issue will be examined in some depth. The findings confirm that a new approach is needed for the study of radio audiences." (Abstract)
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"In Syria, television is the dominant media type with high usage and availability rates in all areas studied. Television is followed by online media, print media, and finally radio. Media aligned with the Syrian government are leading in government-controlled areas, and opposition-aligned media are
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leading in opposition areas. There are indications that media not clearly aligned with a particular camp have a following across the board. Pro-government and opposition audiences are deeply divided in their media following and in their perceptions about their communities. Being open to both media camps does not always translate into a stronger critical view of the media. Syrian audiences are confident that they are well-informed about the general geopolitical situation, but sometimes express less confidence that they are receiving adequate information regarding immediate local affairs." (Main findings, page 2)
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