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Freedom of expression in the digital public sphere: Strategies for bridging information and accountability gaps in algorithmic content moderation

Josh Cowls, Philipp Darius, Valentina Golunova et al.

Berlin: Alexander von Humboldt Institute for Internet and Society (HIIG) (2022), 20 pp.

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The Trust Gap: How and Why News on Digital Platforms is Viewed More Sceptically Versus News in General

Camila Mont'Alverne, Sumitra Badrinathan, Amy Ross Arguedas et al.

Oxford: Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism (2022), 71 pp.

"Drawing on an original dataset of survey responses collected in the summer of 2022 across four countries - Brazil, India, the UK, and the US - they examine the relationship between trust in news and how people think about news on digital platforms, especially Facebook, Google, WhatsApp, and YouTube ... more

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The social atrocity: Meta and the right to remedy for the Rohingya

London: Amnesty International (2022), 72 pp.

"Beginning in August 2017, the Myanmar security forces undertook a brutal campaign of ethnic cleansing against Rohingya Muslims in Myanmar’s Northern Rakhine State. A UN investigation found that the role of Facebook in the violence was “significant”. This report is based on an in-depth investi ... more

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Meta's Amplification of Persecution: Red-Tagging in the Philippines

Internews (2022), 69 pp.

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Content Moderation in autoritären Staaten: Wie soziale Medien zu Komplizen autoritärer Herrscher zu werden drohen

Paula Köhler, Daniel Voelsen

Berlin: Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik (SWP) (2022), 8 pp.

"Täglich gibt es Berichte darüber, wie private Betreiber sozialer Medien sich problematischen Vorgaben autoritärer Herrscher beugen. Ob in Thailand, Kasachstan oder Russland, immer wieder werden als Teil von Content Moderation (CM) gezielt Inhalte entfernt oder Konten gelöscht, weil Regierungen ... more

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Under-Moderated, Unhinged and Ubiquitous: Al-Shabaab and the Islamic State Networks on Facebook. Why Al-Shabaab and Islamic State Pages and Profiles in East African Languages Continue to Plague Facebook

Moustafa Ayad, Anisa Harrasy, Mohammed Abdullah A.

London et al.: Institute for Strategic Dialogue (ISD) (2022), 21 pp.

"Researchers at the Institute for Strategic Dialogue (ISD) led a two-year investigation into the online media ecosystem of al-Shabaab and the Islamic State in Africa, analyzing the role of “independent news” outlets and their intersections with hundreds-strong networks of amplifier profiles on F ... more

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OECD Policy Framework on Digital Security: Cybersecurity for Prosperity
Key Guidance

Paris: OECD (2022), 38 pp.

"The OECD Policy Framework on Digital Security helps policy makers understand the economic and social dimension of cybersecurity, raises their awareness about the OECD approach to digital security policy, and encourages them to make use of OECD digital security recommendations to develop better poli ... more

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Comparing Guidance for Tech Companies in Fragile and Conflict-Affected Situations

Jennifer Easterday, Hana Ivanhoe, Lisa Schirch

Tokyo: Toda Peace Institute;JustPeace Labs (2022), 44 pp.

"This research report explores the strengths and weaknesses of four different frameworks tech companies, governments, and civil society can use to assess harms and benefits of new technologies. The four frameworks include human rights, conflict sensitivity, ethics, and human security. The research m ... more

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Position Paper: The Sustainability of Journalism and Competition in the Digital Economy

South African National Editors' Forum (SANEF) (2022), 51 pp.

"This position paper reports on the findings of a research project conducted from late-2021 to early-2022 involving consultations with a range of stakeholders in the news media and digital advertising industries, regulators, and government officials, as well as extensive desk research on the state o ... more

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History Under Attack: Holocaust Denial and Distortion on Social Media
Top Insights

Heather Mann (coord.)

Paris: UNESCO (2022), 68 pp.

"This publication is the first report from UNESCO and the United Nations to specifically address Holocaust denial and distortion. It details the ways in which social media is fertile ground for hate and prejudice - and proposes actions we can take in response. Based on the data of billions of Facebo ... more

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Russian Social Network VK Gains Carte Blanche Following the Closure of Instagram and Facebook in the Country

Daria Zakharova

Russia Analytical Digest, issue 280 (2022), pp. 20-21

"As the Russian invasion of Ukraine erupted, the country’s authorities declared a war on Western social media as well. In March, such social media giants as Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram were blocked in Russia, giving their local competitor—named VK—a virtual monopoly in the country. Millio ... more

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How Platforms Respond to Human Rights Conflicts Online: Best Practices in Weighing Rights and Obligations in Hybrid Online Orders

Matthias C. Kettemann (ed.)

Hamburg: Leibniz Institut für Medienforschung;Global Digital Human Rights Network (GDHRNet) (2022), 187 pp.

"Platforms have power. But this power is not unchecked. Governments have an important role to play in protecting their citizens' rights vis-à-vis third parties and ensuring a communication order in which rights are not violated. (And in addition, of course, they need to respect human rights themsel ... more

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"Wait, Who's Timothy McVeigh"? A Translation Review of Facebook and YouTube Content Moderation Policies in Amharic, Arabic, Bengali, and Hindi

Orla O'Sullivan et al.

Localization Lab;Internews (2022), 54 pp.

"The report documents the quality and usability of Facebook and YouTube content moderation policies in four languages. It found that the translations of Facebook and YouTube's content moderation policies in these languages are far below a standard that would be considered acceptable by the average u ... more

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Double Standards in Social Media Content Moderation

Angel Díaz, Laura Hecht-Felella

New York: Brennan Center for Justice (2022), 39 pp.

"While social media companies dress their content moderation policies in the language of human rights, their actions are largely driven by business priorities, the threat of government regulation, and outside pressure from the public and the mainstream media. This report demonstrates the impact of c ... more

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Oferta y demanda de OTTs de contenidos audiovisuales en México

México, DF: Instituto Federal de Telecomunicaciones (IFT) (2022), 29 slides

"Este es un reporte sobre el comportamiento de los hogares con posibilidad real de consumir contenidos en línea." (commbox)

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The Fall of Kabul: When Platforms Enable Propaganda

Marie Lamensch

Centre for International Governance Innovation, August 27 (2021)

"Social media companies face an increasingly urgent ethical dilemma about the use of their platforms by Taliban officials and supporters." (Introduction)

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Ill Advice: A Case Study in Facebook’s Failure to Tackle COVID-19 Disinformation

Aoife Gallagher, Macckenzie Hart, Ciarán O'Connor

London: Institute for Strategic Dialogue (ISD) (2021), 34 pp.

"Despite detailed policies on mis- and disinformation and promises to enforce them, social media platforms are failing to tackle prominent groups and individuals who spread false claims about COVID-19 and vaccines online. Using the World Doctors Alliance1 as a case study, a group that has spread var ... ious problematic, false and conspiratorial claims about COVID-19 and vaccines, ISD found that 78% of the group’s 1.2 million online followers are found on mainstream platforms (Facebook, Instagram, YouTube, Twitter, TikTok) who claim to prohibit this kind of content. The Facebook pages of World Doctors Alliance members have a following of over 550,000 users, which increased by 13,215% between January 2020 and July 2021. Videos posted by these Facebook pages have been viewed more than 21.1 million times. These pages have accumulated a total of 5.77 million interactions since January 2020, with interaction rates increasing by 85% in the first six months of 2021 compared to the previous six months. Facebook posts mentioning the World Doctors Alliance or its members have attracted more than three million engagements on Facebook and are present in at least 46 different languages on the platform. ISD found that large proportions—often the majority—of the most engaged with content on Facebook mentioning the World Doctors Alliance or its members in English, Spanish, German and Arabic contained false, misleading or conspiratorial claims related to COVID-19 and vaccines. Organisations that are part of Facebook’s fact-checking program have debunked false claims made by the World Doctors Alliance 189 times since the beginning of the pandemic. Despite this extensive fact-checking effort, Facebook is failing to take decisive action on the group or its members. Facebook’s fact-checking program incorporates organisations from 115 countries, but there appear to be major gaps in fact-checking in non-English languages. ISD found minimal application of fact-checking labels across the four languages analysed, with lower application rates on posts in German, Spanish and Arabic than in English. Content that does contain fact-checking labels is still accumulating tens and sometimes hundreds of thousands of engagements." (Key findings) more

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The Routledge Handbook of Digital Media and Globalization

Dal Yong Jin

New York; London: Routledge (2021), xv, 297 pp.

"The book begins by interrogating globalization as a critical and intensely contested concept, and proceeds to explore how digital media have influenced a complex set of globalization processes in broad international and comparative contexts. Contributors address a number of key political, economic, ... more

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Moderación de contenidos en Internet y protección de la libertad de expresión en redes sociales: Relatoría

Clara Luz Alvarez, João Brant, Rodrigo Gómez

México, DF: UNESCO;Observacom (2021), 34 pp.

OECD Policy Framework on Digital Security: Cybersecurity for Prosperity Key Guidance

History Under Attack: Holocaust Denial and Distortion on Social Media Top Insights

OECD Policy Framework on Digital Security: Cybersecurity for Prosperity
Key Guidance

History Under Attack: Holocaust Denial and Distortion on Social Media
Top Insights