"I am glad to introduce the third edition of a series of reports aimed at discussing macroeconomic developments in the Central African Republic, Chad, Guinea, Mali, and Niger. This series intends to foster public debates on key macroeconomic and fiscal policy options in support of poverty reduction.
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It disseminates the findings of work in progress to encourage the exchange of ideas about development issues. One of the objectives of the series is to appraise regional trends and analysis quickly, even if the presentations are less than fully polished. In short, this new series is a novel vehicle for the Bank to pitch priority policy reforms not yet properly tackled or even debated in those countries [...] Because economic diversification is slow and ongoing electoral processes are complex, joint efforts are currently underway to construct new development strategies. In this regard, this report analyzes the status of the “digital revolution,” i.e., the rapid penetration of information and communication technologies (ICT) services in these countries. Such services weigh heavily on future growth and poverty reduction prospects. However, complex regulation and heavy taxation by international standards are placing major obstacles on ICT development and the industry’s competitiveness in these countries that need to be removed. In addition, our special section entitled “Country Focus” addresses a common regional problem in these agriculture-based economies, namely Mali’s low agricultural productivity. Many lessons are learned from its major determinants, and multiple policies to accelerate it are proposed." (Foreword)
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"The paper addresses the blurred understandings of what developing country mobile internet users feel they are paying for. The move towards increasing online news and music consumption around the world has resulted in low growth in paid content consumption and a digital advertising market that is no
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t highly favourable for news or entertainment providers. From a major study conducted on mobile phone based internet behaviours in Ghana, Kenya and Uganda in 2015, we find consumption in these countries reflects the trends observed in more mature markets where the decline in news purchase revenues and advertising rates raises fundamental questions about the business models of independent media. While users enjoy the personalized content benefits of the mobile web, they feel that paying for data (i.e. Mobile connection and data bytes) is sufficient and conflate it with paying for content (i.e. Content in an online newspaper or online music). We argue that deconstructing misunderstandings of paying for mobile internet access and paying for content (including ascertaining whether they are genuine misunderstandings) is important for understanding how to achieve a free and fair internet, where content is accessible but generates enough profit to be sustainable." (Abstract)
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"This article examines the targets and activities of mobile app developers in two Latin American economies – Argentina and Bolivia – analysing the political, social and economic conditions that connect or disconnect app developers and the interests of local users. Findings suggest that app distr
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ibution platforms do not favour local markets and that app developers largely focus on custom-design projects for commercial firms." (Abstract)
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"Las brechas de acceso a Internet al interior de los países y en relación con las naciones más desarrolladas se han reducido significativamente, en particular en lo que se refi ere a las tecnologías móviles. Este proceso ha sido resultado, en gran parte, de la disminución de las tarifas de acc
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eso, el aumento de la cobertura de las redes y el menor costo de los equipos terminales. Todavía queda mucho camino que recorrer para lograr la universalización del acceso por lo que no deben descuidarse las políticas y acciones en esta materia. La masificación de las TIC ha permitido también el desarrollo y transformación del ecosistema digital en el que nuevas industrias crecen de forma muy acelerada, reconfi gurando las cadenas de valor y fusionando cadenas previamente separadas. Este estudio tiene como objetivo presentar elementos que muestren la importancia y características de estas nuevas industrias y cómo en la región se estaría repitiendo un modelo de desarrollo basado en la provisión de «insumos», en este caso la conectividad, participando solo marginalmente en la producción de servicios de mayor valor agregado, tales como contenidos, aplicaciones y servicios digitales." (Prefacio de CEPAL)
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"This report assesses how countries can maximise the potential of the digital economy as a driver for innovation and inclusive growth, and discusses the evolutions in the digital economy that policy makers need to consider as well as the emerging challenges they need to address as a part of national
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digital strategies. Chapters include an overview of the current status and outlook of the digital economy; the main trends in the ICT sector, and developments in communication and regulation policy; and overviews of ICT demand and adoption, plus the effects of the digital economy on growth and development. This volume also includes a chapter on developments related to trust in the digital economy and on the emerging Internet of things." (Publisher description)
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"Video games have become a global industry, and their history spans dozens of national industries where foreign imports compete with domestic productions, legitimate industry contends with piracy, and national identity faces the global marketplace. This volume describes video game history and cultur
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e across every continent, with essays covering areas as disparate and far-flung as Argentina and Thailand, Hungary and Indonesia, Iran and Ireland. Most of the essays are written by natives of the countries they discuss, many of them game designers and founders of game companies, offering distinctively firsthand perspectives. Some of these national histories appear for the first time in English, and some for the first time in any language." (Back cover)
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"Asia Pacific is the world’s largest mobile region but also one of the most diverse regions in terms of the levels of both economic and mobile market development. Asia Pacific dominates the global mobile industry in terms of both unique subscribers and connections, having seen significant growth o
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ver recent years and with it set to remain the second fastest growing region over the period out to 2020 (during which time it will add over 750 million new subscribers)." (Executive summary)
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"The ICT sector is one of few undeniable success stories in Afghanistan’s development over the past 12 years. In 2002, telecommunications services were virtually non-existent, restricted to a very small number of fixed-line connections and satellite communications were unaffordable to the general
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public. In 2014, four GSM operators and two fixed-line and code CDMA operators provide affordable access to telecommunications to 88% of the population, and about 3 million Afghans are connected to the Internet. This has been achieved thanks to commitments of national and international investors as well as a good public and private governance of the sector creating an enabling environment, including but not limited to policies, laws, and a transparent licensing regime." (Abstract)
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"This paper takes four key policy issues for protecting human rights online - net neutrality; an absence of arbitrary online filtering and blocking; an absence of arbitrary surveillance; and protecting intermediaries from liability for user-generated content. For each policy area it summarises the t
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heoretical economic arguments for adopting a human rights-respecting position, and then attempts to collate any empirical data that exists to back up those arguments. In doing so, the paper aims to assist human rights defenders to develop persuasive arguments that they can use with policy-makers, and to highlight areas where more research and evidence is needed." (Summary, page 6)
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"Through the methodological framework of the Networked Readiness Index (NRI), the report measures the extent to which 144 economies, from both the developed and developing worlds, take advantage of ICTs and other new technologies to increase their growth and well-being. The NRI identifies the most r
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elevant factors driving ICT readiness and impacts, providing policymakers, business leaders, and civil society at large with a useful tool for designing national strategies for increased networked readiness and for benchmarking their country’s performance against other relevant comparators. The Global Information Technology Report 2013 features the latest computation and rankings of the NRI, and in referring to this year’s theme, dives deeper into the connection between ICTs and economic growth and job creation. As in previous years, it also showcases a number of ICT development stories of particular interest. In addition, the report includes detailed profiles for the 144 economies covered this year together with data tables for each of the 54 indicators used in the computation of the NRI." (Back cover)
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"The Report is composed of four thematic parts. Part 1 describes the conceptual framework and relates the findings of the Networked Readiness Index (NRI) 2012. In addition, Part 1 features selected expert contributions on the general theme of hyperconnectivity. Part 2 includes two case studies showi
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ng the efforts that two countries, Azerbaijan and Mauritius, are making to develop ICT and fully leverage their potential benefits. Part 3 comprises detailed profiles for the 142 economies covered in this year’s Report, providing a thorough picture of each economy’s current networked readiness landscape and allowing for international comparisons of specific variables or components of the NRI. Part 4 includes data tables for each of the 53 variables composing the NRI, with rankings for the economies covered as well as technical notes and sources for the quantitative variables used." (Executive summary, page xi)
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"El Gobierno de Nicaragua ha identificado las Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicación (TIC) como un pilar clave de su estrategia para mejorar la gestión pública y aumentar la competitividad; sin embargo, se encuentra en desventaja comparativa en materia de inversión, activos y resultados
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respecto a otros países de la región y del mundo. Este documento de discusión presenta un argumento sobre el rol de las TIC en la agenda del desarrollo, describe un diagnóstico del estado actual de la penetración y uso de las TIC en Nicaragua, e identifica los principales retos y desafíos. El documento aborda el tema en un contexto comparativo regional y global, para facilitar la evaluación de la situación del país. A la vista de los datos y análisis presentados, se mencionan opciones de política que podría explorar el gobierno de Nicaragua para enfrentar los desafíos identificados en aspectos institucionales, regulatorios, de despliegue de infraestructuras y de generación de la demanda, mediante el desarrollo de servicios y aplicaciones que respondan a las necesidades y prioridades de individuos, empresas y el gobierno. El documento concluye con una serie de recomendaciones de política específicas que facilitarían la inserción del país en la economía digital." (Resumen)
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"The manual and the toolbox seek to address the following question: how to maximise the contribution of the IT industry in developing and emerging countries towards sustainable economic development and poverty reduction? In order to achieve this, the Manual analyses the obstacles impeding the compet
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itive development of this innovative industry in developing and emerging countries. They can be attributed to three major factors: Specific structural problems of developing countries such as lack of efficient support structures, deficiencies in managerial, financial and technological skills, negative brand and country of origin effects (image); Challenges related to internationalisation and export, such as lack of market intelligence and export capabilities as well as the absence of international linkage; Specifics of the IT industry including technical as well as quality standards, high competitive pressure and short innovation cycles. The manual and the toolbox introduce a methodology and a set of practical tools to address these obstacles and promote the IT industry in developing and emerging countries. Their purpose is to provide a practical guideline for designing and implementing projects for promoting the IT sector in developing and emerging countries; develop a specific methodology to enable effective and sustainable IT sector promotion based on the practical experience of German development cooperation; elaborate concrete procedures, processes and tools to promote the IT industry in developing and emerging countries; provide advice on actions and measures to improve the international competitiveness of IT sectors; provide best practices of IT sector promotion in developing and emerging countries." (Executive summary, page 6)
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