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Journals
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The revised SADC toolkit on universal access funding and universal service fund implementation 2024
Geneva: ITU (2025), xi, 76 pp.
"In 2011, working with the Communications Regulators’ Association of Southern Africa (CRASA),1 the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) in cooperation with the European Commission (EC) published a toolkit on universal access funding and universal service implementation to provide guidance o
...
Safeguarding Media Freedom in the Age of Big Tech Platforms and AI: Policy Manual
Vienna: OSCE Representative on Freedom of the Media (2025), 147 pp.
"With this Policy Manual, we provide guidance for building an information space free from oligopolistic control, resilient to manipulation, and supportive of independent, pluralistic media. This Policy Manual proposes both structural reforms and targeted mitigation measures – focusing on media vis
...
State of digital development and trends in the Africa region: Challenges and opportunities
Geneva: ITU (2025), iv, 49 pp.
"This publication reveals that the gap between ambition and reality remains wide. Mobile broadband coverage has expanded rapidly, offering most of the population the possibility of going online. And yet, only 38 per cent of the population currently uses the Internet—the lowest rate among all ITU r
...
Collaborative digital regulation country review: South Africa’s digital transformation and collaborative regulation
Geneva: ITU (2024), vii, 43 pp.
"As South Africa adopts reforms to further strengthen its economy across multiple sectors, this country review presents the policy, legislative, and governance frameworks that are enabling South Africa’s digital transformation. It includes a review of key institutions and collaborative digital reg
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Consultation Paper on AI Regulation: Emerging Approaches Across the World
Paris: UNESCO (2024), 49 pp.
Measuring the Emissions & Energy Footprint of the ICT Sector: Implications for Climate Action
Washington, DC; Geneva: World Bank; ITU (2024), vi, 45 pp.
"The objective of this report is two-fold. First, the report breaks down the energy and emissions profile of the sector and assesses the 30 highest emitting countries for telecommunications while providing global estimates for other ICT sector segments. The report uses a key framework for categorizi
...
Contestations of Internet Governance and Digital Authoritarianism in Pakistan
International Journal of Politics, Culture, and Society (2024), 23 pp.
"The existing literature on Internet governance offers important insights on the relationship between state and society in China and the West. It is important to explore this relationship in the developing world. This study focuses on Pakistan, exploring the role of relevant legal frameworks, politi
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Countering violent extremism through internet intermediaries: A typology for cross-country comparison
Global Media and Communication, volume 20, issue 1 (2024), pp. 3-22
"This paper examines the counter-violent extremism and anti-terrorism measures in Australia, China, France, the United Kingdom and the United States by investigating how governments leveraged internet intermediaries as their surrogate censors. Particular attention is paid to how political rhetoric l
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Online Content Regulation in the Asia-Pacific: Limiting Civil Society’s Capacity to Hold Governments Accountable
Bangkog: Asia Centre (2024), v, 37 pp.
"Governments have updated penal codes and national security laws, enacted fake news and cybersecurity laws as well as laws that govern internet service providers and technology companies. These laws have widely been used to block and remove online content that call out blind spots in government poli
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Challenges and opportunities for using universal service funds to bridge the digital divide
Geneva: ITU (2024), 10 pp.
"This document presents the joint interim (annual) deliverable for Question 4/1, “Economic aspects of national telecommunications/ICTs”, and Question 5/1, “Telecommunications/ICTs for rural and remote areas”. It concerns the challenges and opportunities associated with using universal servic
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Mapping Actions to Combat Online Violence against Female Journalists across the OSCE Participating States
Regional Academy on the United Nations (RAUN) (2024), 56 pp.
"This paper presents an exploratory study aimed at systematically mapping the public actions taken by OSCE participating States to combat online violence against female journalists. Adopting a qualitative large N research design, the study examines national policies and initiatives across all 57 OSC
...
Contesting personalized recommender systems: A cross-country analysis of user preferences
Information, Communication & Society (2024), 20 pp.
"Very Large Online Platforms (VLOPs) such as Instagram, TikTok, and YouTube wield substantial influence over digital information flows using sophisticated algorithmic recommender systems (RS). As these systems curate personalized content, concerns have emerged about their propensity to amplify polar
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The Nexus of Digital Authoritarianism and Religious Populism
Religions, volume 14, issue 747 (2024), 19 pp.
"This paper delves into the intricate relationship between religious populism and the legitimization of digital authoritarianism in Turkey. Specifically, it investigates how the ruling party, AKP, has strategically linked Islamist values to state policies as a means of justifying its repressive cont
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Media freedom and journalist safety in the UK Online Safety Act
Journal of Media Law, volume 15, issue 2 (2024), pp. 179-212
"In the digital era, journalists are targeted with online abuse including serious threats of violence. These censorship tactics are a direct threat to media freedom. Although the UK Government intended to tackle online abuse of journalists in the Online Safety Act 2023, provisions fit for that purpo
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