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The State of Media Freedom and Safety of Journalists in Africa
Deep Insights

CIPESA (2022), 57 pp.

"This report seeks to serve two purposes. The first is to research and document the state of media freedom and safety of journalists in Africa and to provide specific and evidence-based recommendations to guide policy makers, media development organisations and other media freedom and human rights a ... more

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Trapped in a Web: The Exploitation of Personal Data in Hungary’s 2022 Elections

Human Rights Watch (2022), 94 pp.

"On April 3, 2022, Hungary’s ruling Fidesz party won a fourth term in national elections, cementing its dominance with a two-thirds majority that will allow it to continue traveling what critics of the party and many others would describe as the path of centralizing power and rolling back democrat ... more

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The Intersectionality and Cybersecurity Toolkit

Marissa Conway, Nehmat Kaur

Manchester: Centre for Feminist Foreign Policy (2022), 29 pp.

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“It's not paranoia if they really are out to get you”: Navigating risk to journalists when connected devices are everywhere

Anjuli R. K. Shere, Jason R. C. Nurse, Andrew Martin

IAMCR 2022 Conference “Communication Research in the Era of Neo-Globalisation: Reorientations, Challenges and Changing Contexts” (2022), 18 pp.

"The consumer Internet of Things (IoT) is a fast-growing area of technology, increasingly embedded in the public and private spheres, including both in and on bodies. There are various security concerns and academic investigations into potential risks of this expansion, but none yet specifically add ... ressing the implications to journalists and the democratic pillar of press freedom. Not only are risks to this community not yet assessed, but IoT threats generally are not communicated without technical jargon, making them inaccessible to non-experts. Given the importance of a free press, mapping IoT devices and, crucially, communicating associated risk in ways understandable and actionable to journalists themselves, is key. Journalists and the press are particularly at-risk from IoT devices that may feature in the environments with which they must regularly interact because of the fundamental imperative of source confidentiality. Previous research demonstrated that members of the press are largely unaware of the ways in which the IoT can threaten their work and wellbeing. The networked capabilities of IoT devices increases the ease with which well-resourced threat actors can target journalists who routinely handle confidential information and are already at risk around the world from a variety of non-IoT threats. This paper therefore presents a novel categorisation of both ambient and wearable consumer IoT devices according to the environments in which journalists are most likely to interact with them. It draws on related academic work classifying devices for technical audiences to create a system that is accessible to journalists and their sources. Its goal is to make members of the media aware of the prevalence of these technologies and which of the devices’ capabilities may increase their individual risk. Useful risk assessments cannot be undertaken without an accurate understanding of where threats may be encountered. By systematically outlining risks in numerous environments, this taxonomy can be easily incorporated into existing security training materials and risk assessments for journalists. This paper presents a novel taxonomy to codify and organise IoT present in different environments, with examples of how journalists and their work could be impacted, both passively (i.e. via surveillance) or actively (i.e. via information theft). It also discusses how different environments that may contain IoT devices are often under the control of actors whom journalists cannot easily influence, nor protect themselves against. Especially as these devices continue to proliferate, journalistic risk from IoT devices in surrounding environments are growing. It is therefore important to address the contemporary and emerging risks to journalism that are associated with connected devices. This paper enables journalists and readers to not only visualise and conceptualise how IoT devices in different environments may create risks, its user-focused language and organisation also empower journalists to begin to use this taxonomy for awareness, mitigation, and protective purposes." (Abstract) more

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State of Internet Freedom in Africa 2022: The Rise of Biometric Surveillance

CIPESA (2022), 43 pp.

"This report documents the emerging and current trends in biometric data collection and processing in Africa. It focuses on the deployment of national biometric technology-based programmes on the continent, and the associated challenges, gaps and risks that are posed to data protection and privacy." ... more

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OECD Policy Framework on Digital Security: Cybersecurity for Prosperity
Key Guides

Paris: OECD (2022), 38 pp.

"The OECD Policy Framework on Digital Security helps policy makers understand the economic and social dimension of cybersecurity, raises their awareness about the OECD approach to digital security policy, and encourages them to make use of OECD digital security recommendations to develop better poli ... more

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The State of Digital Security Among Independent Media Organizations in Lebanon

Ali Sibai

Beirut: Samir Kassir Foundation (2022), 31 pp.

"This research was conducted to assess the digital security posture among independent media organizations in Lebanon. It is significant for media organizations in Lebanon to maintain a good standard of digital security, especially in an era when press freedom is increasingly under attack." (Introduc ... more

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Seguridad digital

FundaRedes (2022), 15 pp.

"En la era digital los equipos electrónicos y la información manejada por los activistas y defensores de Derechos Humanos también están en riesgo. La seguridad digital, está compuesta por un conjunto de herramientas, hábitos y métodos empleados para proteger los equipos electrónicos y la inf ... more

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Guia tá na rede! O que vira é navegar com segurança. Para famílias e educadores

Elaine Souza, Viviane Delgado, Carolina Nascimento

São Paulo: Viração Educomunicação; Projeto Consulta Brasil (2022), 51 pp.

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From Boots on the Ground to Bytes in Cyberspace: A Mapping Study on the Use of Information CommunicationsTechnologies (ICTs) in Security Services Provided by Commercial Actors

Anne-Marie Buzatu

Geneva: ICT for Peace Foundation (2022), v, 62 pp.

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Data Protection & Privacy Guides

Portland, Oregon; Edinburgh: Mercy Corps (2022), 24 pp.

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Human Rights Online in India: Joint Stakeholder Report. Universal Periodic Review, 41st Session - India

Access Now; Association for Progressive Communications (APC); Internet Freedom Foundation (IFF) (2022), 19 pp.

"This joint stakeholder report focuses on key issues relating to human rights online in India, including internet shutdowns, digital exclusion, freedom of speech and expression online, online harassment and hate speech, privacy, surveillance and data protection. The report draws on extensive and ong ... more

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Policy Brief: Nine Steps to Protect Our Data and Privacy in Sri Lanka. Sri Lanka’s Personal Data Protection Bill, 2021

Jade Lyngdoh, Raman Jit Singh Chima, Namrata Maheshwari

Access Now (2022), 10 pp.

"This policy brief is an Access Now publication. It gives context about the Personal Data Protection Bill in the Parliament of Sri Lank, states the key areas of concerns in the present bill, and proposes nine (9) recommendations." (commbox)

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Cyber Security Politics: Socio-Technological Transformations and Political Fragmentation

Myriam Dunn Cavelty, Andreas Wenger (eds.)

London; New York: Routledge (2022), xii, 272 pp.

"Structured along two broad themes and providing empirical examples for how socio-technical changes and political responses interact, the first part of the book looks at the current use of cyberspace in conflictual settings, while the second focuses on political responses by state and non-state acto ... more

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Cyber Capacity Building and Strategic Engagement with Africa: A New Mission for Germany and Europe

Kaan Sahin

Potsdam: Friedrich Naumann Foundation (2022), 23 pp.

"The present paper sheds light on the current trends of cyber capacity building and its implications in Africa and beyond as well as on its actor landscape. It argues that Germany and Europe should strategically engage more with African countries in terms of cyber capacity building to avoid that the ... more

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Universal Periodic Review 41st Session Period – Brazil. Joint Stakeholder Contribution: Freedom of Expression, Freedom of Religion and Belief, and Digital Rights

Association for Progressive Communications (APC) (2022), 17 pp.

"This submission focuses on Brazil's fulfilment of human rights obligations in the digital context and seeks to strengthen recommendations focused on guaranteeing universal access to the internet in order to enable free expression and association; access to information, knowledge and culture; and th ... more

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Evaluating online safety initiatives: How to build the evidence base on what works to keep children safe online

UNICEF; Young and Resilient Research Centre (2022), 59 pp.

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Guidelines for Judicial Actors on Privacy and Data Protection

Danilo Doneda

Paris: UNESCO (2022), 23 pp.

"These guidelines aim to provide a general framework for judicial actors to assess matters of privacy and data protection in the face of other rights, such as freedom of expression and the right to privacy. The document includes relevant case law from various national, international and regional bod ... more

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Securing Australian Journalism from Surveillance

Diarmaid Harkin, Monique Mann

Deakin University; Alfred Deakin Institute for Citizenship and Globalisation (ADI) (2022), 31 pp.

"In Australia, the Data Retention Act (2015), the Assistance and Access Act (2018), the Identify and Disrupt Act (2021), and the International Production Orders Act (2020) have significantly increased the surveillance powers of law enforcement and intelligence agencies with implications for journali ... sts and the free press. This report draws on interviews with 19 journalists and 2 media-lawyers in Australia. The interviews were conducted between May and November 2021. The aim of the interviews was to gauge (a) the level of preparedness amongst journalists in Australia concerning surveillance, and (b) the impacts of increased surveillance powers on journalistic practices. There was wide variation in information security understanding and applied skill among media organisations and journalists. Some expressed “very low confidence” (Journalist F) that journalists were adequately prepared for the threats of electronic surveillance and a number conceded that they were not thinking about it “enough” (Journalist Q) or were just “learning on the job but could know more” (Journalist I). Some media organisations do not offer support in terms of education and training, policies and procedures, or formal guidance, and even among the most active and equipped organisations, support for cyber security concerns was described as “probably too far down the list of considerations” (Journalist D). In most instances, journalists were self-educating as “it is up to the individual journalist to make sure they are secure” (Journalist A). The 2019 AFP raids on the ABC and Annika Smethurst were described as a “holy shit” moment (Journalist P) that raised awareness of government surveillance of journalists. These raids resulted in many journalists and media organisations raising their efforts to protect their digital communications. Subsequently, over the past 2 to 3 years many journalists have migrated to encrypted communication applications such as Signal and Protonmail, while several media organisations have implemented SecureDrop for whistle-blowers to provide anonymity and security. Journalists suggested media organisations could do more to provide “formalised training” and “organisational support” (Journalist P) and invest more in their employees to provide confidence to potential sources that “journalists are good at this” (Journalist J)." (Executive summary) more

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Pakistan's Internet Landscape 2020

Jahanzaib Haque, Shah Bano Ali Khan

Islamabad: Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung (FES); Bytes for All (2021), 89 pp.

"The internet brought new opportunities for Pakistan to develop into a progressive society and a more democratic country, and it opened doors for more forms of criminal activity (like fraud, child pornography, etc.), more intimidation and the spreading extremism, and more information gathering on ci ... more

The State of Media Freedom and Safety of Journalists in Africa Deep Insights

OECD Policy Framework on Digital Security: Cybersecurity for Prosperity Key Guides

The State of Media Freedom and Safety of Journalists in Africa
Deep Insights

OECD Policy Framework on Digital Security: Cybersecurity for Prosperity
Key Guides