"Esta obra colectiva de 25 capítulos cuenta con la visión de más de 60 expertos de la comunicación digital de cinco países y está avalada por grupos de investigación de universidades de primer nivel, así como de resultados de proyectos de investigación europeos e iberoamericanos. Asistimos
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a un replanteamiento de las bases del periodismo, de la gestión y transmisión de la información, de los formatos y géneros con los cuales se puede contar, incluso de cómo se hacen las noticias o de quiénes las cuentan; a la vez de explorar los fenómenos más actuales de la comunicación como la posverdad, las fake news, el storytelling, los influencers, la gamificación, el machine-learning y el big data, entre otros." (Cubierta del libro)
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"Durante el 2018 se ha mantenido la caída de la inversión publicitaria que se dio en 2017 con respecto al 2016. El promedio disminuyó 7,2%, a pesar del 3,9% que creció la economía peruana, lo cual se ha manifestado en un retroceso de la participación de las inversiones en el PBI. La principal
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causa ha sido la incertidumbre de los anunciantes ante los graves problemas de corrupción en el país que originó una grave crisis política, que aún persiste, y que motivó, incluso, la renuncia del presidente de la República, Pedro Pablo Kuczynski. Otro facto que explica esta disminuición de la inversión es la Ley Mulder que ha tenido el efecto de limitar en gran medida las campanas que los organismos públicos acostumbraban realizar a través de los medios de comunicación." (Página 1)
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"The media sector in Kyrgyzstan is heavily dominated by the government through both ownership and funding. The government funds a large pool of state-owned media companies, including newspapers, radio broadcasters and the public service operator KTRK. According to our estimates, the government spent
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some US$ 7.6m in the media in 2018, more than 75% of which was accounted for by the state budget allocation for KTRK. On top of that, in a move aimed at gaining loyalty of media outlets, it is believed that the government is using state-owned companies, mainly banks and mining firms, or other public institutions, to fund more media. The value of these contributions is not publicly available. According to our calculations, and interviews with experts and journalists carried out for this report, we estimate the value of government funding in the media to be upwards of US$ 10m, which is equivalent to roughly half the value of the advertising market in Kyrgyzstan. Such an overly dominant position of the government in the media harms the country’s journalism in many ways. First, most of the media that relies on government cash is biased in its reporting. KTRK, one of the most influential broadcasters in Kyrgyzstan thanks partly to its nationwide coverage, is a devoted promoter of state policies and rarely provides alternative points of view. More than a third of KTRK’s airtime is filled with state propaganda, recent studies showed. Second, the government’s intervention in the media has a distorting effect on the market, discouraging investments and stymieing innovation and experimentation. Besides government funding, a major source of revenue for the media is the informal financing, comprising ad hoc contributions made by people or companies to media outlets as a way to buy their allegiance [...] Philanthropy remains the sole source of support for independent media. However, its contribution is a pittance compared to the other sources of media funding. The philanthropy funding in the Kyrgyz media during the past decade, some US$ 6.1m, is less than two-thirds of the state spending in one year alone." (Page 4)
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"Only three of the ten most popular television channels in Kazakhstan are not government-owned. Former President Nursultan Nazarbayev directly or through his family, also owns television channels. For example, KTK, the second most watched television channel in the country is run by the Foundation of
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the First President of the Republic of Kazakhstan-Elbasy. Another popular television channel, NTK, is owned directly by a Nazarbayev family member. Nazarbayev resigned in March 2019, but political analysts say that he did so to be able, before he dies, to supervise a smooth transition to a new regime that will continue his policies, ensuring centralization of political control and preventing criticism of authorities as Nazarbayev did during his 29-year tenure. When it comes to online news, the Government owns three of the 10 most visited websites: Kazinform.kz, Bnews.kz and 24.kz. In fact, none of the most popular news portals in Kazakhstan are independent and truly free of government control. For example, TengriNews.kz, one of the most read news websites is owned by the company Alash Media Group, which is known for promoting a strong pro-government narrative.
The foreign influence in Kazakhstan’s media landscape is limited as foreigners can own only 20% of a media company. That being said, the Russian influence in the Kazakh media is notable. The most popular television channel in the country, Eurasia, jointly owned by the governments of Kazakhstan and Russia, is known for promoting a heavy pro-Russian agenda on world affairs. Another popular television channel, Channel 31 (31 Kanal) is co-owned by Bulat Utemuratov, a wealthy local businessman, and the Russian-funded STS Media Holding. Kenes Rakishev, another entrepreneur, owner of Channel Seven (Sedmoy Kanal), is also a partner in Fastlane Ventures, a prominent Russian venture fund that usually invests in internet companies.
The Government is by far the largest funder in the media, with over €144m spent in cash dished out to media companies in 2017, more than the overall ad spend in Kazakhstan, according to industry estimates. Most of the government funding goes to government-owned media companies or privately held outlets that show support of the Government. For example, in television, the biggest chunk of government cash is spent on financing Khabar and Qazaqstan, two government-owned channels.
In such a centralized media environment in which the Government plays a disproportionately big role, there is hardly any space for independent journalism. Owned by a civil society activist and journalist, Vlast.kz is arguably the sole truly independent news website among the 10 most visited websites in the country. There are other independent news media such as Azattyq, the local service of Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, but their audience is much smaller." (Page 4)
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"The advertising market in Albania is relatively small, especially in regard to the large number of media that exist in the country. The market clearly favours televisions, which receive the lion’s share of the advertising. While the print media is in continuous decline, online media’s advertisi
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ng share has increased significantly, even though the role of the television in absorbing advertising funds is as strong as it has ever been. The radio continues to have its own small, but consolidated niche in this advertising market. The transparency in the media market in Albania continues to be low; both in terms of measurement of audience on one hand, and, consequently, on the criteria used to allocate advertising, on the other hand. Similarly, the strengthening of new actors in the media scene, such as advertising agencies, and partner companies of the media outlets, further complicates the range of factors that affect media outlets’ economy. As a consequence, in the absence of a powerful advertising market or the alternative tools for economically supporting the media, all of these factors to some extent affect also the editorial policy and media content served to the public." (Conclusion, page 53)
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"La publicidad pareciera ser una industria con marcada paridad laboral si se la evalúa desde el punto de vista de la inclusión de las mujeres como fuerza laboral, ya que éstas representan el 49,5% de las personas empleadas. Sin embargo, el análisis al interior del rubro da cuenta de notables des
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equilibrios reflejados en fenómenos de segregación vertical y horizontal de las mujeres. Por otra parte, no existen personas transgénero trabajando actualmente en las empresas consultadas. El techo de cristal (segregación vertical) se observa claramente en la propiedad de las empresas que en un 96% pertenecen a profesionales varones y en la dirección de las mismas, donde los varones ocupan también un alto porcentaje (69%) de las posiciones jerárquicas más altas como las presidencias y las direcciones o jefaturas ejecutivas máximas (CEO). Si bien en el nivel de las direcciones, coordinaciones y jefaturas de áreas las cifras alcanzan una mayor paridad (44% mujeres y 56% varones), es aquí donde comienza a hacerse más palpable el entrecruzamiento con la segregación horizontal: los varones predominan en el Área Creativa, que es la más valorada simbólica y económicamente en la industria, mientras que las mujeres son mayoría en las áreas administrativas y de servicios al cliente (Cuentas). De la misma manera se percibe la desigualdad en lo correspondiente a la brecha salarial, ya que, aunque formalmente, según los acuerdos salariales establecidos, el Área de Cuentas y Creatividad perciben los mismos sueldos, especialmente en las posiciones más altas la práctica no pareciera ser así. Conforme surge de los testimonios de directivos y trabajadoras/os entrevistados/as, los pagos correspondientes al Área de Cuentas serían menores, y sobre la base formal de los acuerdos salariales el Área Administrativa es la peor rentada de todas." (Conclusiones, página 158)
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"This report looks at ten factors that have altered the media marketplace and that pose challenges to national and local news producers and their sources of revenue. They include ways in which governments interfere in media markets; changes in the structure of news distribution and audience behavior
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; and the way these changes have transformed how advertising media is bought, sold, and distributed. It then examines the key engagement metrics taken from a sampling of media development partner organizations to offer thoughts on how well these news producers are prepared to compete for audiences and revenue. Finally, it offers thoughts about the implications of these issues for media development organizations." (Introduction, page 2)
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"The accelerating digitalisation of the media landscape has released enormous forces of change in the Nordic advertising markets. The overall impression from the results of this study is that the sweeping changes digitalisation is bringing about are not just undermining the business model on which t
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he majority of commercially financed media companies in the Nordic countries have based their journalistic operations, they are also making it more difficult for the same companies to find a sustainable business model in a digital environment. The battle for advertising revenue is now an unfair fight. Media companies at the national and local level are finding it increasingly difficult to compete with the advertising solutions that global digital actors such as Google and Facebook are bringing to the market. The latter are not just more sophisticated than the domestic alternatives, they are also significantly cheaper. The results of this study indicate unequivocally that the differences in competitiveness between Nordic and non-Nordic advertising platforms will be exacerbated as digital advertising investments grow." (Executive summary)
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"The state has been for year the biggest advertiser in the country. Public money has been spent through its Ministries, institutions, republic agencies, bodies, local self-governments etc on different advertising and sponsorship contracts. The total value of state advertising still remains unknown d
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ue to the poor regulation of this sector. Most commercial advertising is placed with national media outlets. Outside the main cities, local economies are underdeveloped and advertising markets are very poor or nearly nonexistent. Under every government so far, owners of media buying agencies had close ties with the ruling party and politics. These connections have helped acentuate growing economic and editorial pressure on Serbian media. According to the latest available data which relate to 2016, the total value of the advertising market in Serbia was 174 million Euros. This amount of money is insufficient to sustain the survival of the curently active media in Serbia. There are more than 1600 active registred media outlets which are competing for their share of the advertising market." (http://www.mom-rsf.org)
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"This report contains the collected, examined, and produced information on the fundamental characteristics of the media and communication industries, whenever possible, in the MENA region as a whole. It typically includes 14 countries from Mauritania on the Atlantic Ocean to Oman on the Arab Gulf. F
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ive MENA countries have been selected for more detailed information: Egypt, Lebanon, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates. In probing the media landscape, we examine large and small countries from North Africa and the Gulf; some that are quite stable, some more turbulent; media-rich and media-poor with different regimes and degrees of media regulation. So, this report finally complements our surveys of the media audience with a close and systematic look at the media content offering, its production, and distribution. This report consists of sections for each individual medium as traditionally defined: television, film, radio, magazines, newspapers, and recorded music. With the ongoing (but not total) migration of traditional media to digital platforms, digital has a section of its own." (www.mideastmedia.org/industry/2016/about/#s68)
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"The markets we do include are a very diverse bunch, from the very closed and politically tightly controlled such as Laos; through a large number of nations on the African continent which have seen a sudden improvement in digital infrastructure thanks to the landing of several new submarine intercon
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tinental fibre optic cables over the past few years; and not forgetting markets like Trinidad & Tobago, which seems to enjoy a large choice of TV channels to serve a relatively modest population; or indeed Iran, fresh from its welcome back into the international fold following the suspension of UN sanctions in January 2016. For each market, we give some economic data sourced from the IMF, as well as our estimates and forecasts for advertising expenditure and growth in its ad market to 2018. We also provide a short commentary setting out an overview of the media market in question." (Page 1)
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"Spending on media continues to shift from traditional to digital products and services at a rapid pace. By 2019, we believe digital spending will account for more than 50 percent of overall media spend. Within this, digital video spending will overtake physical spending by 2018, two years earlier t
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han we had previously forecast. Digital, consisting of Internet and mobile advertising, will become the largest advertising category by 2017, surpassing TV one year earlier than forecast, and mobile will more than double its share of the digital ad market. This rapid digital shift is being driven in part by the growing number of connected consumers, the expansion of mobile telephony, and elevated mobile broadband adoption." (Page 5)
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"Actualmente, México se compone en mayor medida de una población joven. Esto implica un beneficio considerable para el desarrollo económico del país; no obstante, la evolución hacia una sociedad encabezada por adultos mayores presenta un futuro lleno de desafíos, no solo económicos, sino publ
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icitarios, al considerar que un número importante de organizaciones enfocan sus esfuerzos publicitarios hacia sectores en edad productiva." (Página 2)
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