"The Myanmar authorities should immediately lift curbs on the free flow of information to at-risk communities; ensure journalists, human rights defenders and activists can operate freely and without any harassment, intimidation, arrest, prosecution and imprisonment; and encourage rather than threate
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n to punish people who criticize, openly discuss, or attempt to raise awareness about the government’s response to the COVID-19 pandemic. As Myanmar grapples with the outbreak, the authorities have blocked independent media websites; continued to intimidate, arrest and prosecute journalists, human rights defenders, activists and artists; and kept in place a sweeping internet shutdown in two of Myanmar’s poorest states. These measures indicate harsher censorship at a time when access to information could literally be the difference between life and death. When states’ responses to COVID-19 are paired with restrictions on information and a lack of transparency and censorship, they risk undermining the right to seek, receive and impart information on many important matters, including health and humanitarian issues." (Page 1)
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"Lesson one: Put people and principles at the centre of COVID-19 decision-making, not politics. Lesson two: Reframe discussions about responsibility in a pandemic so that those who are considered vulnerable are a priority rather than an afterthought. Lesson three: Prepare ways to share sophisticated
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information quickly in complex, but predictable emergencies so that knowledge, trust, and resources in the population can be leveraged when it happens. Lesson four: Have communication channels and cooperation plans for all governmental and non-governmental authorities and organisations so that the response is coordinated and understandable to the community. Lesson five: Find ways for people to get involved and have a meaningful say in the response: make this the cornerstone of any COVID-19 communication plan. Lesson six: Work to re-engage communities as participating partners; have mechanisms to leverage local and volunteer groups to maximise their knowledge expertise to increase the effectiveness of the COVID-19 response. Lesson seven: Move to more participatory, two-way communications and feedback with vulnerable communities; find out what channels they really use, not just what we want them to use. Lesson eight: Empower local agencies and communities to take a lead role in the response, so they can truly supplement the response and take charge at a local level." (Summary of lessons learned, page 2)
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"There is no one-size-fits-all way in which governments should promote and implement initiatives that use digital technologies to improve the learning outcomes of the most marginalised, and governments always need to take into consideration their local contexts and priorities. However, in very gener
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al terms, the following order of initial priorities and actions is often appropriate: 1. Creating a long-term cross-party vision for ensuring that digital technologies are used to enhance learning by the poorest and most marginalised; 2. Establishing an integrated and holistic cross-government team to deliver that vision; 3. Beginning by ensuring that all teacher training colleges have as high-quality digital infrastructures as affordable, and that pre-service and in-service training programmes are implemented to ensure that teachers are trained in appropriate and relevant pedagogies; 4. Prioritising the specific educational challenges for which digital technologies can have the most significant impact for the most marginalised in your country (this could, for example, be high numbers of refugees, very dispersed island communities, or numerous minority ethnic groups for whom learning content in the main language is inappropriate); 5. Identifying and implementing technology-relevant (in terms of what is both feasible and affordable) approaches to resolve these challenges, remembering that low-tech options (such as radio or TV) and Open Educational Resources can often deliver very cost-effective and resilient options, and that multi-sector partnerships with the private sector and civil society can be valuable in ensuring appropriateness and sustainability; 6. At all times ensuring that security, safety and privacy receive the highest priority in using digital technology for delivering education and training, especially for children and vulnerable adults." (Pages 12-13)
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"In March 2020, Peace Direct held a three-day online consultation with over 75 practitioners and academics across the globe. Participants and guest contributors exchanged insights and local experiences on the impact of digital technology on peace and conflict, how local peacebuilders incorporate dig
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ital technology in their responses to conflict, and how they envision positive change in this new branch of peacebuilding. We received more than 300 detailed comments over 11 discussion threads. This report presents the findings and recommendations from that consultation." (Page 2)
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"In 2021, the international community has the chance to radically reform global digital governance. The aim should be to guarantee a global, open, free, stable and secure Internet while promoting responsible State behaviour in cyberspace. Mapping the two strands of this policy – improving models f
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or cooperation on the collective development of Internet governance, and implementing the cyber norms already adopted – is a matter for the United Nations (UN). A reformed architecture for digital cooperation has the potential to make Internet governance more inclusive and effective, while new mechanisms can help to advance the currently divided debate on cyber norms and enhance the predictability of State behaviour in cyberspace." (Page 1)
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"This paper suggests that social media has the potential to play a greater role in building peace in the following ways: Offering new perspectives in understanding conflict contexts and so informing how interventions are designed, including mapping actors and conversations, gathering data about conf
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lict dynamics and overcoming traditional programme design challenges. Amplifying peaceful voices while shaping the public and political narrative, including countering fake news and threat narratives, addressing potential trigger points such as rumour management and acting as a bridging function between local, national and international spheres to mobilise action. Creating new spaces for people to connect, coordinate and mobilise around peace, including as a vehicle for collective coping, augmenting traditional dialogue activities, engaging people in dialogue who may not ordinarily participate in offline activities and strengthening peace processes [...] To take full advantage of social media’s potential, the paper recommends the establishment of partnerships between donors, social media companies and peacebuilding organisations; increased support for and emphasis on social media as a public space for positive political dialogue and countering misinformation; investment in a stronger evidence base; increased flexibility in design and funding for social media peace-riented programming; and the safeguarding of civil society space in regulating the sector." (Executive summary)
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"Rights related to freedom of religion or belief (FoRB) and gender equality are often seen to be in contradiction with one another. Underlying this (mis) perception of a normative clash between the two is very often an understanding of FoRB as a right that protects religion – and often conservativ
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e, patriarchal religion. For some, this means that FoRB is seen as an inherent obstacle to achieving gender equality; for others, gender equality is seen as a threat to the protection of religious values and practices. This antagonistic construction of the two human rights norms has consequences. A lack of attention to, or an unwillingness to engage with, the intersections between FoRB and gender equality may result in unnecessary clashes, unsatisfactory handling of factual conflicts, and lost opportunities for synergies, learning, and cooperation among actors engaged in the promotion of respectively FoRB and gender equality [...] Against this background, the present report should be read first and foremost as a basic introduction to the relationship between FoRB and gender equality, providing a snapshot of the examples, experiences and ideas discussed in the workshops and hopefully encouraging further research and analysis." (Introduction, page 6-7)
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"This document sets out ECPMF’s strategic approach to tackle the existing and emerging challenges over the next five years. Starting in September 2019, the creation of this plan is the result of several stages of research, feedback from staff and board members as well as partners and beneficiaries
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across Europe. It clearly articulates ECPMF’s vision, mission and organisational values, as well as the three core strands of the organisation’s work to ‘Monitor’, ‘Support’ and ‘Engage’. Our short term 2020-21 targets reflect ECPMF’s current top-line project commitments, including through the newly launched Media Freedom Rapid Response (MFRR). These concrete activity based targets will be reviewed year on year, in line with ECPMF’s overarching key strategic priorities that we have mapped out for the organisation to achieve by 2024." (Introduction, page 4)
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"Inclusion in peace processes is conventionally understood in “offline” terms, such as being physically present at the negotiation table. However, digital technology can support a mediator’s efforts to integrate a broad variety of perspectives, interests, and needs into a peace process. This r
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eport explores the current and future practice of digital inclusion, giving a framework for understanding the possibilities and risks, and providing examples of practical ways digital technologies can contribute to mediated peace processes." (www.usip.org)
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"There is no “one size fits all” approach to digital contact tracing technologies (DCTT). Technology design should not be static, but it should be capable of evolving depending upon local conditions, new evidence, and changing preferences and priorities. Technology companies alone should not con
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trol the terms, conditions, or capabilities of DCTT, nor should they presume to know what is acceptable to members of the public. DCTT should be designed to have a base set of features that protect privacy, with layers of additional capabilities that users may choose to activate. An initial default should be that user location data are not shared, but users should be provided with easy mechanisms and prompts to allow for opting-in to this capability, with encouragement to the public if it is shown to be critical to achieving public health goals. Data collected through DCTT should be made available to public health professionals and to researchers in de-identified form to support population-level epidemiologic analyses." (Summary, page 2)
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"In a growing number of countries around the world, the greatest menace to editorial independence and professional standards is media capture, a form of media control achieved through a series of premeditated steps taken by governments and powerful interest groups, which undermines journalism as a p
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ublic good. This study enables readers to understand media capture and other threats faced by independent media today. The important developments tracked in these pages call out for dialogue towards practical actions to strengthen editorial independence and professional standards of journalism." (Back cover)
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"Wir appellieren an alle in Deutschland tätigen Kommunikationswissenschaftler* innen, also an unsere Scientific community, und besonders an unsere Fachgesellschaft DGPuK, ihre Verantwortung im Bereich der Internationalisierung zu überdenken und den Prozess der „tiefen Internationalisierung“ in
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Forschung, Lehre und Hochschulstrukturen voranzutreiben. Diese Neuorientierung ist nicht nur wissenschaftlich relevant, um die Unterrepräsentation weiter Teile der Welt und innerhalb westlicher Gesellschaften als Desiderata zu beschreiben und bestehende Forschungslücken zu schließen. Sie ist auch gesellschaftlich relevant und wird für die Zukunft von allergrößter Bedeutung sein. Die Erforschung der Welt muss heraus aus der Nische des akademischen Spezialistentums und ins Zentrum wissenschaftlichen Arbeitens gerückt werden. Die Globalisierung der Wissenschaft ist kein abgeschlossener Prozess, sondern eine Jahrhundertaufgabe, zu deren Bewältigung wir alle zur Mitwirkung aufrufen. Die Erforschung von nicht-westlichen Ländern sollte nicht nur in Krisenzeiten als relevant wahrgenommen werden. Insgesamt ist daher nicht nur eine verbesserte strukturelle Absicherung der internationalen Kommunikationswissenschaft an deutschen Hochschulen erforderlich, sondern auch eine Sensibilisierung des Fachs und der deutschen Wissenschaftsgemeinschaft, von der Fachgesellschaft DGPuK bis zu den Herausgeber*innen von in Deutschland erscheinenden Fachzeitschriften und den Verleger*innen von Fachverlagen. Das Fach kann und muss in puncto Internationalisierung besser werden. Und dies nicht nur in quantitativer Hinsicht (durch Konferenzteilnahmen und mehr Publikationen), sondern auch durch die Wertschätzung der globalen Vielfalt inhaltlicher Problemstellungen und intellektueller Denkrichtungen – über die USA und andere englischsprachige Länder hinaus. Die internationale Kommunikationsforschung sollte mehr als nur ein Nebenschauplatz der Kommunikationswissenschaft sein, denn nur so vermag sie, zentrale Annahmen über Medien und Kommunikationsprozesse, die wir seit langem für selbstverständlich gehalten haben, in Frage zu stellen." (Fazit und Ausblick, Seite 302)
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"Was wollen wir mit den Thesen erreichen? Sie sind eine Momentaufnahme auf die Digitalität. Sie müssen ständig fortgeschrieben werden, weil die Entwicklungen ungeheuer agil sind. Sie beinhalten auch keine umfassende theologische Deutung der Digitalität. Die vorliegenden Thesen sind aber ein Disk
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ussionsbeitrag, der die Schnittmenge zwischen Digitalität und KI einerseits und dem christlichen Menschenbild andererseits, das den Menschen in seiner Transzendenz versteht, skizziert. Als Kirche stecken wir also quasi einen Claim in Sachen Digitalität ab. Zusammenfassend stelle ich fest: Digitalität und KI müssen nicht in einer Dystopie enden. Sie können für das Wohl der Menschen und unserer Gesellschaft eine große Wirkung entfalten. Unter dem Anspruch menschendienlicher und sachgerechter Technologie-Gestaltung muss sich keiner vor dieser technischen Umwälzung fürchten. Denn Digitalität und Künstliche Intelligenz stehen im Dienst des Geist-begabten und Selbst-bewussten Menschen. Kommunikations- und Medienkompetenz helfen bei deren Entfaltung." (Bischof Gebhard Fürst, Seite 2)
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"Independent media outlets in the Western Balkans are facing major challenges to their financial sustainability. With the exception of some of the largest broadcasters with national coverage and the most visited online media, the majority of media outlets across the region are not sustainable busine
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sses. In particular, local media outlets, media engaged in niche reporting and/or those critical of the government are unable to generate sufficient advertising revenues. Media outlets in the region operate within a dysfunctional media system. Their revenues are shrinking, and a larger number of media outlets compete for increasingly thin pickings. Meanwhile, political interference and corrupt advertising practices deepen their woes. Media outlets are further disadvantaged by the radical changes in media consumption habits and advertising flows. As a result, independent journalism is sustained on only a small number of platforms that are committed to pluralism, democratic debate and democratic processes. Media ownership in the Western Balkans lacks transparency, and ownership of media outlets is often used as a way of influencing the public and/or the government, in line with the particular political and business interests of their owners. In addition, there is a strong tendency towards the concentration of power in the hands of few dominant players in areas such as media production, distribution, advertising and related businesses (in BiH, Serbia, and Montenegro, mainly the United Group and Telekom Srbija). By acquiring the rights to virtually all premium content, these dominant groups are making it highly challenging for other media outlets to secure a reasonable share of advertising income. The advertising market is affected by three dominant issues: the continuing economic crisis and the shift of advertising budgets to regional and global media and to online communication platforms; corrupt advertising, instrumentalised for the promotion of particular political and other interests; a lack of credible audience data." (Conclusions, page 40)
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"As the boundaries between the physical and digital worlds continue to blur, particularly for children growing up in the digital age, online child sexual exploitation (OCSE) will continue to evolve and new forms emerge. Encouragingly, work is underway at national and international levels to prevent
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and respond to this global threat, but innovative and substantial actions are needed to keep up with this evolving problem. Legal frameworks must improve and approximate global consistency and regulation must make tech companies and Internet Service Providers accountable for action. Law enforcement must collaborate across jurisdictions, adopt sophisticated techniques and be properly equipped and funded. There is an urgent need to further boost and sustain collective action against OCSE at this moment in time. ECPAT International has identified in this paper five areas where progress can and must be made. Again, as this problem is not confined by borders, strategic partnerships with the involvement of an increasing number of global actors will be instrumental in making this happen. As a society, we have a duty and a responsibility to stop the demand underpinning OCSE and ensure the rights of children online and offline are fulfilled." (Conclusion, page 23)
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"En este documento nos centraremos en cuatro facetas del acceso a la información, con sus respectivos riesgos, que deben tener en cuenta los tomadores de decisión en la coyuntura actual. Asimismo, buscamos ofrecer soluciones o recomendaciones que puedan implementar tanto el Gobierno como el sector
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privado, tendientes a la garantía de los derechos humanos y la protección de las comunidades más vulnerables. Primero, discutiremos el impacto de la información sesgada o discriminatoria en relación con los grupos más vulnerables de la población. A continuación, presentaremos un breve diagnóstico sobre la desinformación por noticias falsas. En tercer lugar, comentaremos la importancia de entregar información de manera proactiva. Por último, analizaremos el impacto de modificar los tiempos de respuesta a las peticiones elevadas ante las entidades estatales." (Página 3-4)
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"[This publication] uses the term ‘disinformation’ to describe false or misleading content with potentially harmful consequences, irrespective of the underlying intentions or behaviours in producing and circulating such messages. The focus is not on definitions, but on how States, companies, ins
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titutions and organisations around the world are responding to this phenomenon, broadly conceived. The work includes a novel typology of 11 responses, making holistic sense of the disinformation crisis on an international scale, including during COVID-19. It also provides a 23-step tool developed to assess disinformation responses, including their impact on freedom of expression. The research concludes that disinformation cannot be addressed in the absence of freedom of expression concerns, and it explains why actions to combat disinformation should support, and not violate, this right. It also underlines that access to reliable and trustworthy information, such as that produced by critical independent journalism, is a counter to disinformation. Additionally, the study has produced a framework for capturing the complete disinformation life cycle - from instigation and creation, to the means of propagation, to real-life impact, with reference to: 1. Instigators 2. Agents 3. Messages 4. Intermediaries 5. Targets/Interpreters - shortened to the acronym ‘IAMIT’." (Executive summary, page 8)
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"Kenya’s digital ecosystem has significant strengths not yet fully leveraged:
• Political interest in digital technology at national and county level: The Government of Kenya’s
(GoK) digital economy blueprint, ICT Masterplan, and eCitizen (government service platform for
Kenyan citizens and re
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sidents) are only a few of many digital initiatives undertaken to transform Kenya
into a thriving middle-income country by 2030. County-level programming such as County Data Desks
have demonstrated great initiative by county leadership in embracing digital tools to ensure a more
transparent and efficient process.
• Relatively strong digital infrastructure: Kenya’s expanding ICT infrastructure and GoK’s pursuit
of innovations driving connectivity (e.g., Google Loon pilots) demonstrates an investment in Kenya’s
inclusive future.
• Strong private sector engagement in digital innovation: From large mobile network operators and
multinational tech companies to startups and aspiring entrepreneurs, Kenya’s rich innovation culture is
an undervalued and underleveraged national resource." (Executive summary, page 3)
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