"This report takes a look at a selection of the innovative, successful ways media companies, individual journalists and civil society organizations are coming together to improve journalist safety. These are cases of people taking the initiative, of acting on behalf of the profession, of not sitting
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back as disempowered victims. The report is not an overview of all the work that is being done in this domain. It is not full of statistics and data. It is, instead, a collection of stories, told in the words of the motivated people who are dedicated to protecting courageous journalists with pro-active measures to make them safer." (Introduction, page 9)
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"[...] To test the argument whether the killing of journalists is a precursor to increasing repression, we introduce a new global dataset on killings of journalists between 2002 and 2013 that uses three different sources that track such events across the world. The new data show that mostly local jo
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urnalists are targeted and that in most cases the perpetrators remain unconfirmed. Particularly in countries with limited repression, human rights conditions are likely to deteriorate in the two years following the killing of a journalist. When journalists are killed, human rights conditions are unlikely to improve where standard models of human rights would expect an improvement. Our research underlines the importance of taking the treatment of journalists seriously, not only because failure to do so endangers their lives and limits our understanding of events on the ground, but also because their physical safety is an important precursor of more repression in the future." (Abstract)
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"More journalists are being killed and threatened around the world than at any time before. How do we account for these disturbing trends and why do journalists increasingly put themselves in harm’s way? This chapter argues that if we are to better understand the motivations of journalists and the
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mobilisation of journalism as a communicative and collective enterprise, one that is now capable of both reporting on and recognising the human plight of others in violent, uncivil places, it is important to understand how journalism is caught up in the vortices of history and the globalising present. The discussion develops on the important work of Jeffrey Alexander (2006), reconceiving journalism in and through the prism of the ‘Civil Sphere’, and inflected here both historically and globally. In a world of globalized communications, journalism’s capacity to report from uncivil places, I argue, has become geographically expanded, culturally deepened and, in important respects, historically and normatively compelled." (Abstract)
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"To support joint efforts to protect journalism, there is a growing need for research-based knowledge. Acknowledging this need, the aim of this publication is to highlight and fuel journalist safety as a field of research, to encourage worldwide participation, as well as to inspire further dialogues
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and new research initiatives. The contributions represent diverse perspectives on both empirical and theoretical research and offer many quantitatively and qualitatively informed insights. The articles demonstrate that a new important interdisciplinary research field is in fact emerging, and that the fundamental issue remains identical: Violence and threats against journalists constitute an attack on freedom of expression." (Back cover)
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"This report provides an overview of a decade of killings of journalists, media workers and social media producers, between 1 January 2006 and 31 December 2015. The extent of the risks faced by those exercising their right to express opinions and disseminate information is demonstrated by the figure
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of 827 killings recorded by UNESCO over ten years. To this, one needs to add the numerous other violations endured by journalists, which include kidnappings, arbitrary detention, torture, intimidation and harassment, both offline and online, and seizure or destruction of material. Overcoming all these threats is needed for measuring progress on the Sustainable Development Goal Target 16.10 on ensuring public access to information and protecting fundamental freedoms within the framework of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. This Report is focused exclusively on the worst violations, i.e. the killings of journalists, in line with the IPDC Council’s 2008 Decision on the Safety of Journalists and the Issue of Impunity, which was reinforced by subsequent decisions in 2010, 2012, and 2014." (Executive summary)
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"This report focuses on abuses by state and non-state actors against journalists and other media workers since 2014. It is based on over 50 interviews with journalists working throughout south-central Somalia and Puntland, the semi-autonomous state in northeastern Somalia. Beyond killings, attempted
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killings, and a range of threats, the report also documents how journalists in the new interim regional states and in Puntland face unique obstacles that undermine their reporting." (Page 2)
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"The study is focusing ‘Reporting is becoming a life threatening profession in Pakistan’ as a topic for research. International Federation of Journalists (IFJ) declared Pakistan as one of the most dangerous countries for Journalists. Amnesty International called Khuzdar ‘a graveyard for Journa
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lists’. Rank of Pakistan in the World Press Freedom Index is going down year by year. However, the number of journalists who lost their lives in Pakistan is on the rise. It would be safe to say that at least 67 journalists lost their lives in Pakistan from 2002 to 2014. It is claimed by Committee to Protect Journalists that from 1992 to 2014 majority of journalists who lost their lives in the line of duty are reporters. The situation in Pakistan has been going worse with each passing day for journalists especially for reporters since 9/11. Government as well as media organizations have failed to provide proper security to reporters resulting an increase in the number of crimes against journalists as well as the impunity in their cases. Although the conviction in the cases of two murdered reporters is a ray of hope and has improved Pakistan’s rank in Global Impunity Index but still there is a lot needed to be done in order to control the increasing rate of crimes against journalists." (Abstract)
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"Examines the statistics and looks at the trends in journalist killings and intimidation around the world. It identifies what factors have led to this rise and positions these in historical and global contexts. This important study also provides case studies and first-hand accounts from journalists
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working in some of the most dangerous places in the world today and seeks to understand the different pressures they must confront. It also examines industry and political responses to these trends and pressures as well as the latest international initiatives aimed at challenging cultures of impunity and keeping journalists safe. Throughout, the authors argue that journalism contributes a vital if often neglected role in the formation and conduct of civil societies. This is why reporting from ‘uncivil’ places matters and this is why journalists are often positioned in harm’s way." (Back cover)
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"Más de 1050 periodistas asesinados y desaparecidos (unos 22,8 casos al año) hicieron de América Latina el escenario más peligroso del mundo para el ejercicio profesional, entre 1970 y 2015, incluso en países sin guerras oficialmente aceptadas. Desde las dictaduras hasta el narcopoder, desde M
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xico y el Caribe hasta el Cono Sur, ningún otro libro entrega una radiografía tan profunda sobre este problema; un mal ya endémico que exige solución urgente; de no resolverse, las sociedades latinoamericanas -junto con la libertad de prensa- perderán todos los derechos por los que han luchado. Con una bibliografía exhaustiva y un análisis tan riguroso como aterrador, Bernardo Díaz Nosty nos muestra cómo la crisis de justicia produce impunidad y perpetúa la ley del terror. "Antes de llegar al asesinato, suele producirse el acoso sobre el periodista y sus familiares, las agresiones físicas, la estigmatización, las extorsiones [...] Todo ello conduce a la quiebra de la independencia profesional, a la renuncia de la actividad periodística, al exilio, cuando no a la claudicación y a la entrega a las condiciones que establece el enemigo". (Editorial)
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"Ending the culture of impunity requires strengthening the culture of resistance. Impunity results in the dearth or absence of press freedom which, in turn, has deleterious effects on the practice of journalism as the people are deprived of relevant information that could help shape public opinion.
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Effective governance can only be achieved if there is an atmosphere conducive to press freedom and other basic freedoms. The local and global campaigns to end impunity should continue so that the culture of resistance would be strengthened and the specter of the culture of impunity would be finally gone. The Philippines proves to be an interesting case study as it is one of the freest press in Asia but has one of the most number of journalists killed worldwide. The most notable example of media killings is the massacre in Ampatuan, Maguindanao (located in the southern part of the Philippines) where 32 journalists and media workers were among the 58 people killed. The situation in the Philippines is alarming given the prevailing culture of impunity." (Abstract)
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"The International Federation of Journalists (IFJ) has been publishing annual reports, of which this is the 25th, focusing on killing of journalists and media staff in work-related incidents since 1990. To date, the IFJ has recorded at least 2297 killings of these media professionals in targeted ass
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assinations, cross fire incidents and bomb attacks, including 112 who lost their lives to violence in 2015. There were other deaths due to accidents and natural disasters which are usually presented in a different category in our annual reports." (Page 6)
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"Sadly, attacks on journalists in Mexico are nothing new. In April 2012, CIMA published a report detailing the violence against the media and recommending steps that the Mexican government could take in order to remedy the situation. The government of Mexico did enact some measures to protect journa
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lists starting in 2012. Mexican Journalism, Still in the Line of Fire, is an update to the earlier CIMA report. It examines the results of government efforts to halt the violence and points out that despite those measures the situation for journalists and media in Mexico has only become worse." (CIMA website)
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"La temporalidad del presente estudio comprende el periodo 2006-2015, que corresponde a los sexenios de Felipe Calderón Hinojosa y una parte del de Enrique Peña Nieto, periodo en el que, según muestran los informes de agencias nacionales e internacionales, la violencia contra los periodistas en e
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l contexto de la guerra declarada contra el narcotráfico se ha incrementado. La organización internacional Artículo 19 (2015), en su informe Estado de censura, ha contabilizado así las agresiones: mientras que hubo 1 092 agresiones en todo el sexenio de Felipe Calderón, en los dos primeros años del sexenio de Peña Nieto, éstas aumentaron 80%, reportándose 330 en 2013 y 326 en 2014. El estado de vulnerabilidad de los periodistas en México es grave y el riesgo de silenciar crecientemente la información es muy grande [...].
Cada uno de los capítulos presenta diferentes acercamientos a la(s) violencia(s) ejercida(s) contra y representadas en los medios, con distintos anclajes teóricos y metodológicos que, en su conjunto, ofrecen un amplio muestrario de cómo puede abordarse este problema. Aunque se apuntan diversos factores como desencadenadores de la violencia contra los periodistas, así como diferentes mediaciones para entender las representaciones de la violencia en los medios de los lugares estudiados, sí pueden señalarse elementos comunes. Por ello, concluyo este apartado con una cita del estudio introductorio de Mireya Márquez, en este mismo libro, la cual suscribo: [ ... ]es preciso comprender que el periodismo mexicano no se ve amenazado únicamente por la violencia criminal como un actor de poder aislado, sino que es amenazado por la violencia criminal en la medida en que el periodismo ha estado instrumentalizado desde su concepción por las diversas facciones en disputa por el poder, y de que no existe un andamiaje de protección de la profesión periodística en general ni su concepción como una ocupación profesional y autónoma." (Presentación, páginas 9-13)
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"Since the group calling itself “the Islamic State” (or “Islamic State of Iraq and AlSham”, ISIS) took control of Mosul in June 2014, this Iraqi city turned into a death trap for journalists, especially after the jihadist militant group seized all local media, getting hold of the full lists
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of reporters’ names and addresses. Soon after that, ISIS launched a major persecution campaign targeting all types of media workers, following a decision of its Sharia court accusing reporters of violating its instructions and leaking information to local and foreign media from within the city. By these practices, ISIS seeks sowing terror among media workers, intimidating journalists and preventing them from doing their job, thus forcing them to self-censorship. In this report, compiled over three months, Journalistic Freedoms Observatory (JFO) and Reporters Without Borders (RWB) shed light on the crimes committed by ISIS against journalists and their assistants in northern Iraq. Between 10 June 2014 and the date of publication of this report, JFO – RWB’s partner organization in Iraq – registered 48 kidnappings committed by ISIS against journalists, media assistants and students in journalism since the extremist organization took control of the city. Among those kidnapped, 13 were executed in different brutal ways after being accused of «treason and espionage»." (Page 3)
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"Desde 1970, hay constancia en América Latina de más de mil periodistas asesinados o desaparecidos forzados, por razones que han variado a lo largo del tiempo. Desde las medidas represivas propias del terrorismo de Estado, en los años de las dictaduras militares, a la conjunción actual de circun
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stancias –corrupción política y crimen organizado– que obstruyen la libertad de prensa mediante actividades propias, en ocasiones, de Estados fallidos. La impunidad de los atentados contra los medios y los periodistas aparecen como un incentivo para quienes recurren al silencio de la muerte como solución autoritaria frente a las libertades públicas de la democracia. La geografía del crimen se centra hoy en la franja que une México con Colombia a través de las naciones centroamericanas, con una extensión creciente de la violencia en Brasil." (Abstract)
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"This report documents attacks against journalists and the offices and facilities of media outlets since the 2011 uprising, including threats, assaults, kidnappings, and killings and addresses the failure of the government to protect journalists and the media, and hold perpetrators of attacks on the
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m accountable. Human Rights Watch is not aware of a single instance in which officials prosecuted a perpetrator of an attack against a journalist or media outlet since 2011. The report also documents criminal prosecutions of journalists for defamation and libel, on the basis of problematic laws that continue to unduly restrict freedom of expression." (Summary)
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"Drawing on his experience defending journalists on the front lines, Joel Simon calls for a global freedom-of-expression agenda. He proposes ten key priorities, including combating the murder of journalists, ending censorship, and a global free-expression charter to challenge the criminal and corrup
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t forces that seek to manipulate the world's news." (Publisher description)
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"CPJ’s analysis of global rates of impunity in journalist killings over the past seven years shows that they have for the most part gotten worse. There are some encouraging signs in the data. The number of convictions of suspects behind these crimes appears to be slightly on the rise, but thi s nu
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mber remains small in comparison to the tally of new victims each year. At the heart of the problem is a persistent lack of political will to see justice through in the hundreds of cases in which journalists have been fatally shot, bombed, or beaten because of what they were reporting on. In the few instances it has been exercised, usually in response to mounting domestic and international pressure, there has been progress in the form of partial and, more rarely, complete justice for the victims. But the norm is for the suspected perpetrators— politicians, members of the military, and other figures with power and influence in their societies—to escape justice. This pattern particularly applies to those who commission assassinations of journalists." (Conclusion, page 36)
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