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2026
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Topics
Media Landscapes, Media Systems, Media Situation in General
813
Media Law & Regulation
378
Media Freedom, Press Freedom
290
Diversity & Pluralism in Media / Communication
168
Radio Landscapes
157
Public Service Broadcasting
104
Television Landscapes
100
Journalistic Quality
97
Journalism Education & Training
94
Press Landscapes
87
Digital Media Landscapes
85
Media Ownership
81
Media Markets
80
Politics and Media
79
Television
71
Audiences & Users
69
Media & Communication Policies
60
Radio
60
Journalists: Professional Identity & Values
59
Media Assistance
58
Digital & Social Media Use, Internet Use
57
Access to Internet & Digital Communications
55
Public Media, State Media
54
Journalism
52
Digital Media Censorship, Control & Filtering, Internet & Social Media Censorship
51
Media / Communication Control
50
Access to Media & Information
48
Area & Regional Studies
48
Journalism Ethics
48
Press Freedom & Communication Rights Violations
47
Freedom of Expression Online, Internet Freedom
46
ICT Regulation
46
Censorship
45
Politics
45
Editorial Independence
44
Journalists: Trust in Public Institutions
44
Labour Market for Journalists
44
Political Transition and Media
44
Media Viability & Financial Sustainability
43
Press
43
Democracy / Democratization and Media
42
Digital Activism, Cyber Advocacy
41
Book Markets & Industries
41
Digital Platforms & Intermediaries
41
Telecommunication Infrastructure
41
Community Radios
40
Media Concentration
40
Society
40
Digital Media Markets
39
Media Use, Media Consumption
38
Newspapers
38
Associations & Networks of Journalists
37
Media Assistance: Country Strategies & Experiences
37
Trust in the Media, Credibility of Media
34
Media Assistance in Conflict Regions & Fragile Countries
34
Internet
34
Disinformation, Misinformation, Fake News
34
Conflict Areas: Media Systems, Media Landscapes, Role of Media
33
Media Outlets, Media Associations
32
ICT Industries & Markets
31
Labour, Labour Markets, Labour Laws, Working Conditions
31
Freedom of Expression
30
News Websites & Portals
30
Digitalization, Digital Transformation
30
Media Management
30
Political Economy of Media
29
History of Media & Communication
29
Advertising Markets & Industries
27
Authoritarian Regimes: Media Systems & Landscapes
27
Social Media
27
Digital Communication, Digital Media
25
Economy
25
History (General)
25
Media Capture, Vested Political & Other Interests in the Media
25
Cinema
24
Investigative Journalism
24
Economics of Media
23
Digital Economies & Markets
22
Media, Mass Media
22
Digital Divide, Digital Inequalities
21
National Cinemas, National Film Production
21
Surveillance, Surveillance Technologies, Spyware
21
E-Governance, E-Democracy
21
Digital Journalism, Online Journalism
21
Safety of Journalists, Safety Risks of Media Workers
21
Telecommunication Companies, Mobile Phone & Fixed Line Operators
21
Television Markets
20
History of Radio
20
News Agencies
20
Violence Against Journalists & Media Personnel
19
Electronic Commerce
19
Television Consumption, Televison Use, Television Audiences
18
Civic Engagement, Citizen Participation, Civil Society & Digital Communication
17
Digital Inclusion
17
ICT Development Assistance
17
History of Television
17
History of the Press
17
Television News
17
Television Law & Regulation
17
Financing Media, Financial Media Management
17
Access to Public Information, Freedom of Information, Right to Information
16
Advertising
16
Authoritarian Regimes: Government Communication Strategies
16
Film Markets
16
Cybersecurity, Digital Safety, Privacy, Right to Privacy
16
Government Communication Strategies
16
Press Markets
16
Radio Markets
16
Satellite Television
16
Post-Socialist Media Systems & Landscapes
16
Research in Media & Communication
16
Culture (General)
14
Digital Market Concentration
14
Media Industries
14
Journalism / Communication Training Centers
14
Journalists
14
Working Conditions of Journalists & Media Personnel
14
Transition Countries: Media Systems & Media Landscapes
14
Television Channels
14
Television Programmes & Genres
14
Radio Consumption, Radio Use, Radio Audiences
13
Films
13
History of Film & Cinema
13
Disaster & Humanitarian Crisis Communication
13
Defamation Law & Regulation
13
Female Journalists & Media Workers
13
Financing Public Service Media
13
Magazines
13
Film Industries
12
Communication Rights
12
Soap Operas & Telenovelas
12
Media & Information Literacy
12
Human Rights Violations
12
Public Service Broadcasting: Contents & Programming
12
Radio Programmes & Genres
12
Telecommunication Industries & Markets
12
Television Programming, Programme Structures & Programme Policies
12
Conflict Reporting, Armed Conflict Reporting
11
Development Communication, Communication for Development (C4D)
11
Development and Media
11
ICT Policies
11
COVID-19 Communication
11
Election Reporting
11
Media Assistance: Implementing Organizations
11
Internet Governance, Internet Policies
11
Public & State Television
11
Digital Television
11
Conflicts and Media
10
Creative & Cultural Industries
10
Internet Markets
10
Ethics in Media & Communication
10
Journalism Concepts & Cultures
10
Local Radios, Local Radio Programmes
10
Radio Law & Regulation
10
Propaganda
10
Digital Switchover
10
Mobile Phone Use
9
News Consumption & Information Sources of Media Users
9
Book Policies (National & International)
9
Book Publishing
9
Harassment & Intimidation of Journalists
9
Community Radio Regulation & Licensing
9
Hate Speech, Hate Speech in Social Media
9
Local Communication & Media
9
Small States: Media Systems & Media Landscapes
9
Taliban
9
Society & Media, Media Sociology
9
Government Advertising, State Advertising
8
Book Trade & Distribution
8
Textbooks, Textbook Development, Publishing & Research
8
Latin American Cinema
8
Community Radio Sustainability & Financing
8
Contents of Media
8
Development Journalism & Media Representation of Development Issues
8
Internet / Social Media Law & Regulation
8
Digital Economies, Digital Societies
8
Media Ownership Regulation & Transparency
8
International Communication
8
Transnational Broadcasting, International Broadcasting
8
Social Media Landscapes
8
Telecommunications
8
Commercial Television
8
Information Needs
7
Media Use: Youth
7
Catholic Radios
7
State Influence on the Media
7
Alternative Communication & Media
7
Community Television
7
Extremist & Terrorist Communication Strategies and Media
7
Digital & Information Literacy
7
Internet and Society / Social Change
7
ICTs and Development
7
Entertainment Media Industries & Markets
7
Television Entertainment, Television Entertainment Programmes
7
Codes of Journalistic Ethics
7
Media Assistance: Law & Regulation, Media Policy Consultancies
7
COVID-19 Pandemic: Effects on Journalism, Media & Communication
7
Media Law & Regulation: Transitional Countries
7
Public Service Broadcasting: Regulation & Governance
7
Democracy
7
Political Communication
7
Public & State Radios
7
Religion (General)
7
Rural Communication, Media in Rural Areas
7
Telecommunication Law, Regulation & Policies
7
Access to Information Laws, Right to Information Regulation
6
Civic Engagement, Citizen Participation, Civil Society & Media
6
Independent & Oppositional Media in Authoritarian Regimes
6
Media Assistance: Authoritarian Countries
6
Catholic Church
6
Film Actors, Directors & Producers, Filmmakers
6
Traditional Communication
6
Browser
6
Digital Financial Services, Mobile Banking, Mobile Payphone Business
6
Ecological Footprint & Sustainability of Digitalization, E-Waste & Recycling
6
Mobile Phone Markets
6
Music Industries & Markets
6
Television Fiction
6
Globalisation of Media
6
Foreign Policies
6
News
6
Radio News
6
Political Reporting
6
Television Policies
6
Media System Analyses & Typologies
6
Religious Freedom
6
Civic Engagement, Citizen & Community Participation
6
Commercial Radios
6
Mobile Phones, Smartphones
6
Cable Television
6
Regional Television
6
Audience Feedback, Interaction & Participation
5
Catholic Media
5
Christian Churches & Denominations
5
Christianity (General)
5
Asian Cinema
5
Exile Journalism, Exile Media
5
Killings of Journalists & Media Personnel
5
Self-Censorship
5
Citizen Journalism, Community Journalism
5
Wars
5
Civil Wars
5
War Reporting
5
Media Monitoring, Media Observatories
5
Cultural Identity
5
Digital Businesses
5
Digital Entrepreneurs, Tech Entrepreneurs
5
Economic Development: Role of ICTs & Media
5
ICT Indicators
5
Ethnic Media, Minority Media
5
Countering Hate Speech, Disinformation & Propaganda
5
Disinformation & Misinformation Law & Regulation
5
Gaming, Video Games
5
Self-Regulation of Media
5
Gender and Media, Gender and Communication
5
Gender Representation & Stereotypes in the Media
5
Colonial Legacies
5
Russia: Foreign Information Operations, International Broadcasting, Public Diplomacy
5
Local Television
5
Military
5
National Identity & Media, Nationalism & Communication
5
Radio Stations
5
Islam
5
Civil Society
5
Social Change
5
Digital & Social Media Use: Youth
4
Film Audiences, Film Consumption
4
Reading, Reading Habits, Reading Skills
4
Authoritarian Regimes, Dictatorships
4
Transnational Book Trade, International Book Trade
4
Catholic Church and Communication
4
Public Film Policies, Film Legislation, Public Film Funding
4
Impunity for Crimes Against Journalists & Media Personnel
4
Public Relations
4
Community Media
4
Community Media Financing & Sustainability
4
Community Media Policies & Regulation
4
Religion and Justice / Peace / Reconciliation
4
Russia-Ukraine War <2014-
4
Theatre
4
Nonprofit Organizations, NGOs
4
Convergence of Media
4
Online Media & Internet Economics
4
Blogging, Blogs
4
Democratization & Digital Media / Social Media
4
Ethnic / Minority Online Communities & Websites
4
Digitalisation, Online Communication & Democracy / Democratization
4
Hispanic Americans, Hispanic Media
4
Libraries
4
Economic Contribution of the Media Industries to GDP
4
Television Industries
4
Educational Radios
4
Educational Television
4
Literacy, Literacy Campaigns, Postliteracy, Alphabetisation Policies
4
Accountability & Transparency of the Media
4
History of Journalism
4
History of Media: Colonial Period
4
Indigenous Media, Indigenous Language Media Productions
4
Foreign Correspondents
4
Safety of Journalists: Law & Public Policies
4
Radio Journalism
4
Local Press
4
Media Assistance: Transition Countries & Defective Democracies
4
Media Development Indicators
4
Information Ecosystems
4
Public Funding & Support Policies for Media
4
Socialist Media Systems
4
Broadcasting Companies
4
Zimbabwe Broadcasting Corporation
4
Shrinking Spaces for Civil Society & Political Actors
4
Influence of Media on Politics
4
Radio Programming, Programme Structures & Schedules
4
Technologies, Information & Communication Technologies
4
Satellite Communication & Information Services
4
Non-Western Communication Approaches
4
Book Reading Habits, Book Readers, Book Consumption
3
Media Use: Children
3
Children's Books & Literature
3
Election Campaigns
3
Catholic Press
3
Child Abuse: Digital Media
3
Comics, Cartoons, Caricatures
3
African Cinema
3
Arab Cinema, Middle Eastern Cinema
3
Film Genres
3
Documentaries, Television Documentaries, Web Documentaries
3
Videos
3
Data Protection: Law & Regulation
3
Digital Rights
3
Plagiarism
3
Community Newspapers, Community Press
3
Community Radio Contents & Programming
3
Telecentres, Community Telecentres, Internet Cafés
3
Reconciliation Work
3
Crime & Violence Reporting
3
Human Rights Protection & Violations: Media Representation & Reporting
3
Media Law & Regulation in Conflict Areas
3
Collective Identities & Media
3
Cultural Diversity
3
Cultural Domination, Media Imperialism, Cultural & Media Dependency
3
Radio for Development
3
Rural Radio Programmes, Rural Radios, Rural Development & Radio
3
Cybercrimes
3
Internet and Development
3
Political Blogging
3
Social Media in Political Communication
3
Podcasts
3
Online News
3
Twitter & Microblogs
3
Artificial Intelligence
3
Online Learning, E-Learning
3
Gender and ICTs / Internet
3
Software Industries
3
Information Society
3
Diaspora Media
3
Disaster Risk & Preparedness Communication, Disaster Prevention Communication
3
Media Monopolies & Oligopolies
3
Media Market Transparency
3
Music Markets
3
Foreign Media Investments, Foreign Media Ownership
3
Video on Demand
3
Educational Radio Programmes
3
Environmental Journalism
3
Defamation of Religion (Blasphemy)
3
Press Councils
3
Good Practice Examples
3
Indigenous Peoples, Indigenous Population
3
Indigenous Radio Broadcasting
3
Foreign News, International News
3
Foreign Television Programmes
3
Globalisation: Impact on (Local) Media & Communication
3
International Media & Communication Policies
3
World Information and Communication Order
3
International Radio Broadcasting, Foreign Radio Broadcasting
3
Journalists Dealing with Risks & Threats, Resilience & Wellbeing of Media Workers
3
Local Journalism
3
Business & Economics Journalism
3
Religion: Media Representation
3
Islam: Media Representation & Reporting
3
Media Assistance: Donor Organizations
3
Media Assistance: Financial Sustainability & Management
3
Communication
3
Communication Systems
3
Information
3
Human Rights
3
Media Law & Regulation: Religious Media
3
Media Regulation Practices
3
Regulatory Bodies
3
South African Broadcasting Corporation (SABC)
3
Diasporas
3
Migration & Refugees Reporting & (Social) Media Representation
3
Refugees / Displaced People
3
Democratization
3
Governance & Accountability: Role of Media / Communication
3
Public Spheres
3
Television Production
3
Muslim Radio Broadcasting
3
Regional Radios
3
Satellite Radios
3
University Radios
3
Urban Radios
3
Media Effects
3
Social Participation
3
Islam and Communication
3
Communication & Media Indicators
3
Sexual Violence & Abuse, Rape
3
COVID-19 Pandemic: Economic, Political and Social Effects
3
Ethnic Groups, Ethnic Minorities
3
Digital Radio
3
Radio Broadcasting Equipment & Technologies
3
SMS
3
Telephone
3
Pay TV, Pay Television
3
Urban Communication, Urban Media
3
Digital Advertising, Online Advertising
2
Radio Advertising
2
Agriculture & ICTs, e-Agriculture
2
Elderly People: Internet & Social Media Use
2
Gaming: Uses & Effects
2
Media Use: Migrants & Diasporas
2
Media Use: Public Service & State Media
2
Media Use: Women, Female Media Audiences
2
Mobile Phone Use: Elderly People
2
Books
2
Book Aid, Book Publishing Assistance, Book Donations
2
Book Publishing Houses
2
Scholarly Book Publishing, Academic Book Publishing
2
Catholic Films
2
Church History
2
Animated Cartoons, Animated Films
2
Christian Communication
2
Protestantism (Mainline)
2
Reformed / United Churches
2
Christian Radios
2
Christian Radios: Evangelical / Protestant & Others
2
Pentecostal Churches & Communication
2
Film Distribution
2
Feature Films
2
Silent Films
2
Bollywood
2
Hollywood
2
Television Programme & Format Trade
2
Editorial Independence: Influence of Media Owners
2
Intellectual Property
2
Indirect Censorship, Soft Censorship
2
Government Propaganda
2
Public Diplomacy, Cultural Diplomacy
2
State News Agencies, Government News Agencies
2
Military: Communication Strategies & Practices
2
NGOs & Civil Society Organizations: Communication Strategies & Practices
2
Press Releases & Press Conferences
2
Conflict-Sensitive & Peace Journalism
2
Extremist & Terrorist Digital / Social Media Presence
2
Information Warfare, Psychological Warfare
2
Culture and Communication, Culture and Media
2
Cultural Studies
2
Cultural Values
2
Cybercultures
2
Literature
2
Modernization Development Approaches, Developmentalism
2
Multicultural Societies, Multiethnic Societies
2
Development Assistance
2
Media Assistance Projects & Programs: Case Studies
2
Rural Communication for Development
2
Social Change & Media / Communication
2
Big Digital Platforms, Big Tech Companies
2
Digital Healthcare & Information, Mobile Health, E-Health, Telemedicine
2
Digital Media Startups
2
Digital Research Methods
2
Internet Shutdowns
2
Online Magazines & Newspapers
2
Financing Digital / Online Media
2
Online Services
2
Content Moderation & Regulation: Social Media
2
Facebook
2
YouTube
2
Streaming Media
2
Digitalization, Environment & Sustainable Development
2
Disadvantaged Groups & Communication, Minorities & Media
2
Ethnic Press, Minority Press
2
Ethnic Television, Minority Television
2
Infectious Diseases' Outbreak Communication
2
Commercial Broadcasting
2
Media Commercialisation
2
Printing Industries
2
Video Markets
2
Nonprofit Journalism, Nonprofit Media
2
Radio Economics
2
Financing Radio
2
Adult Education
2
Education (General)
2
Educational Broadcasting
2
Open, Distance and Digital Education (ODDE)
2
Training
2
Sports Reporting
2
Television Serials
2
Environmental Protection
2
Bribery & Corruption in Journalism
2
Feminism & Communication
2
Gender & Religious Communication
2
Gender Discrimination, Gender Inequalities
2
Women (General)
2
Colonial Period
2
Decolonisation & Independence (General)
2
History of Media: 20th Century
2
Indigenous Communication
2
Indigenous Languages
2
Transnational Media Corporations, International Media Companies
2
International Relations
2
International Organizations
2
UNESCO
2
UNESCO & IPDC Media Assistance
2
United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)
2
Exiled Journalists
2
Photojournalism
2
Print Journalism
2
Government & Government Performance: Media Representation & Reporting
2
Poverty & Impoverished People: Reporting & Media Representation
2
Protests, Protest Movements, Protest Reporting & Media Representation
2
African Languages
2
Bilingualism, Multilingualism
2
Language Policies
2
European Union: Media Assistance
2
France: Media Assistance
2
Germany: Media Assistance Actors, Practices, Priorities
2
Media Assistance: Criticism, Ideological Backgrounds, Vested Interests
2
Media Assistance: Mapping of Programs & Donors
2
Media Assistance: Radio
2
Media Assistance: Regional Approaches & Experiences
2
Radio Policies
2
Tax Reductions for Media
2
Media Literacy: Secondary Education
2
Criminal Law & Criminal Prosecution
2
Frequency Allocation, Radio Frequency & Spectrum Management
2
Media Law & Regulation: Constitutional Law
2
Press Law & Regulation
2
Human Resources Development, Personnel Management
2
Media Companies, Media Corporations, Media Enterprises
2
Quality Criteria, Quality Standards
2
Television Management
2
Cameroon Radio Television (CRTV)
2
Labour Migration
2
Government
2
Polarization, Political Polarization
2
Political Doctrines
2
Capitalism
2
Communism, Marxism
2
Political Parties
2
Failed States
2
Fragile / Post-Conflict States
2
State
2
Decentralization
2
Election Campaigns: Social Media
2
Political Parties: Communication Strategies
2
Public Opinion
2
Rural Press
2
Cultural Radio Programmes
2
Radio Dramas, Radio Soap Operas, Radio Fiction
2
Radio Engineering & Technologies
2
Religion and Communication
2
Islamist Communications & Media
2
Muslim Digital Media & Online Communities
2
Religion and Politics
2
Religious Media, Faith-Based Media
2
Research Methods
2
Rural Areas, Rural Communities, Rural Development
2
Population
2
Social Control
2
Dalits
2
Informatics
2
Paper & Paper Production
2
Technological Change, Technological Developments, Technological Progress
2
Television Transmitters
2
Television Networks
2
Television Production Companies
2
Theories of Communication & Media
2
Youth, Adolescents
2
Flow of Information
1
Advertising Ethics
1
Editorial Independence: Influence of Advertisers
1
Local Advertising & Local Advertising Markets
1
Television Advertising
1
Transnational Advertising, International Advertising
1
Advocacy & Empowerment: Indigenous People
1
Gender Advocacy & Empowerment, Gender Mainstreaming
1
Media Advocacy, Media Activism
1
Social Movements: Communication Strategies & Practices
1
Agriculture
1
Agricultural Information & Extension
1
Environmental & Land Conflicts
1
Family Farming
1
Geography
1
Audience Clubs & Listener Groups
1
Audience Research
1
Digital & Social Media Use: Children
1
Internet & Social Media Use: Women
1
Information Needs & Media Use: Refugees & Displaced People
1
Media Socialisation, Media Biographies, Media Life Journeys
1
Media Use: Entertainment
1
Media Use: Rural Populations
1
Mobile Phone Use: Women
1
Mobile Phone Use: Migrants & Refugees
1
Opinion Polls, Public Opinion Research
1
Print Media Use, Press Readers
1
Authoritarian Regimes: Transnational Repression
1
Media Law & Regulation: Authoritarian Regimes
1
Bestsellers
1
Book Marketing, Branding & Promotion
1
Book Publishing & Trade Associations
1
Bookselling
1
Bookshops & Bookshop Management
1
Christian Book Publishing
1
Copyright: Books
1
History of Book Publishing
1
Indigenous Language Book Publishing
1
Youth Literature & Books
1
Political Campaigns
1
Catholic Church & Cinema
1
Radio Ecclesia (Luanda, Angola)
1
Radio Veritas (Johannesburg, South Africa)
1
Episcopal Media Commission
1
Francis (Pope)
1
Amazon Synod (2019)
1
Digital Media Socialisation
1
Children's Television Programmes
1
Puppetry
1
Orthodox Churches
1
Christian Press
1
Christian Television
1
Christian Television Programmes
1
Christian Minorities
1
Missiology
1
Aesthetics in Film & Visual Communication
1
Blockbusters
1
Celebrities, Idols, Stars
1
Cinema (Location)
1
Cinema in the Global South & Third Cinema
1
Development Education: Films
1
Female Film Actors, Directors & Producers
1
Film and Society
1
Film Trade, Film Export & Import
1
Film Festivals
1
Black & White Films
1
Ethnic Films, Minority Films
1
Film Production Companies
1
Nollywood
1
Film Music
1
Film Semiotics
1
Film Studies & Research
1
Freedom of Expression Principles
1
World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)
1
Facial Recognition, Biometric Surveillance
1
Communication Strategies
1
Government / State Advertising: Allocation Policies & Regulation
1
Social Media Marketing & Digital Public Relations
1
Social Marketing
1
Strategic Communication Planning
1
Community Communication
1
Community Development: Role of Communication & Media
1
Community Radio Associations & Networks
1
Community Radio Policies
1
Community Telecommunication Networks
1
Faith-Based Community Radios
1
Media Assistance: Community Radios
1
Participatory Communication
1
Participatory Videos & Community Filmmaking
1
Oral Cultures & Traditions, Oral History, Oral Testimonies
1
Conflicts
1
Armed Conflicts
1
Ethnic Conflicts
1
Genocides
1
Religion and Conflicts, Religious Conflicts, Religious Violence
1
Iraq War (2003)
1
Conflicts & Wars: Roles of Digital Technologies & Conflict Narratives in Social Media
1
Extremism & Terrorism Reporting
1
Foreign Conflict Reporting, International War Reporting
1
Internet / ICTs and Conflicts
1
Transitional Justice Reporting
1
Violence in the Media
1
Violence in the Media: Glorification
1
Discourse & Discourse Analysis
1
Media Criticism
1
Radio Language & Moderation
1
Anthropology of Media & Communication
1
Arts
1
Collective Memory & Media, Media Representation of History
1
Collective Memory: Violent Conflicts & Wars
1
Cultural Policies
1
Cultural Change
1
Cultural Development
1
Cultural Goods
1
Cultural Heritage
1
Cultural Indicators
1
Cultural Integration
1
Cultural Projects (Development Cooperation)
1
Culture and Development
1
Digital Humanities
1
Authors, Writers
1
Indigenous Language Literature
1
Poetry
1
Mass Cultures
1
Radio Culture
1
Museums
1
National Character
1
Reading Promotion
1
Religion and Culture
1
Donor Coordination, Funder Collaboration, Aid Harmonsation
1
Church Development Cooperation
1
Democracy Assistance
1
Development Organizations
1
Regional Development Planning
1
Sustainable Development Goals (SDG)
1
Perceptions & Attitudes Towards Development Issues and Development Assistance
1
Regional Cooperation, South-South Collaboration
1
Religion and Development
1
Street Television: Video Screenings in Public Places
1
Cyberbullying, Cyberharassment
1
Data Governance, Data Justice, Data Sovereignty
1
Data Journalism, Computer-Assisted Investigative Reporting
1
Digital Ethics, AI Ethics, Social Media Ethics, Data & Information Ethics
1
Digital Labour, Digital Work
1
Digital Media, Internet & Religion
1
Digital Media Management, Online Media Management
1
Digital Platform & Intermediaries Regulation
1
Governance & Accountability: Role of Digital Communication
1
ICANN
1
WeChat (Messaging, Social Media & Mobile Payment App, China)
1
Digital Political Communication
1
Online Dating
1
Online Radio, Internet Radio, Radio Streaming
1
Open Access Publishing
1
Telegram
1
TikTok
1
Weibo (Microblogging Website, China)
1
AI Ethics
1
AI Regulation & Legislation
1
Educational Use of ICTs / Internet
1
Female ICT Sector Personnel / Professionals
1
ICT Economics
1
ICT Effects & Impact
1
ICT Training
1
Information Highway
1
Postal Services, Letters & Parcels, Stamps
1
World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS)
1
Afro-Latin Americans, Afroamerican Population
1
Ethnic Radios, Minority Radios
1
Ethnic / Minority Radio Programmes
1
Minorities & Disadvantaged Groups: Media Policies & Regulations
1
Minorities & Disadavantaged Groups: Oppression
1
Minorities & Disadvantaged Groups: Reporting & Media Representation
1
Minority Journalists
1
Minority Rights
1
Romani People
1
Disaster & Humanitarian Crisis Reporting
1
Earthquakes, Floods, Tsunamis, Natural Disasters
1
Effects of Disinformation on Democracy
1
Government-Sponsored Disinformation
1
Identifying & Researching Disinformation
1
Digital & Online Archives
1
Public Libraries
1
Distribution of Media
1
Press Industries
1
Radio Industries
1
Local Media Economics & Markets, Local Media Financing
1
Prices
1
Transnational Media Markets, International Media Markets
1
Media Marketing, Branding & Promotion
1
Television Economics
1
Financing Television
1
Commodities, Raw Materials, Extractive Industries, Mining
1
Economic Conditions
1
Poverty & Poverty Reduction
1
Economic Development
1
Economic Systems
1
Energy Supply, Electricity
1
Small Enterprises, Micro Businesses, Small & Medium Enterprises (SME)
1
Financial Sector, Banks
1
Foreign Investments
1
National Economies
1
Trade, International Trade, Trade Policies, Trade Agreements, Tariffs
1
Education and Communication / Media
1
Radio Schools
1
Training Centres
1
Instructional Media & Teaching Materials
1
Media Assistance: Educational & Instructional Media
1
Teaching & Teaching Methods
1
Vocational Training
1
Universities
1
Entertainment and Media / Communication
1
Humour, Parody, Satire
1
Leisure
1
Radio Entertainment
1
Sports
1
Docudrama
1
Tourism & Travel
1
Environmental Communication
1
Climate, Climate Change, Climate Change Adaptation
1
Communication for Sustainable Development
1
Environmental Issues (General)
1
Media Assistance: Environmental Communication
1
Religion and Environment
1
Countering Defamation & Harassment
1
Bias in News Media
1
Sexuality: Media Representation, Sexually Explicit Media Content, Pornography
1
Responsibility
1
Sensationalist Journalism, Yellow Press
1
Values
1
Women's Radio Programmes
1
Gender-Based Harassment, Intimidation & Violence
1
Gender-Based Online Harassment & Sexual Threats
1
Gender Norms & Roles
1
Gender Relations
1
Marriage & Partnership
1
Women's Magazines, Women's Press
1
Decolonial & Non-Western Approaches
1
Health Communication
1
Health Campaigns: Experiences
1
Health Journalism
1
Health: Media Representation (Factual & Fictional)
1
Health Radio Programmes
1
HIV / AIDS Communication
1
Sexual Health Communication, Reproductive Health Education, Family Planning
1
20th century
1
History of Media: 19th Century
1
Developing Countries Reporting & Representation in Foreign / International Media
1
Foreign Countries: Reporting & Media Representation
1
International News Flow
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Glocalization of Media
1
International Telecommunication Union (ITU)
1
Transnational Television, International Television
1
USA: International Broadcasting & Public Diplomacy
1
China: Foreign Policy, Foreign Investments, Development Assistance
1
Colonialism
1
Council of Europe
1
European Union (EU)
1
United Nations (UN)
1
World Trade Orgaization (WTO)
1
Civic Journalism, Public Journalism
1
Media Assistance: Investigative Journalism
1
Journalism Education Curricula
1
Media Assistance: Journalism Education & Training
1
Radio Journalism Education
1
Journalistic Genres
1
Journalistic Skills
1
Local News
1
News Values, News Selection Criteria
1
Court Reporting & Media Representation of Judicial System
1
Science Journalism
1
Abbreviations
1
French Language
1
Linguistic Diversity
1
Linguistics & Sociolinguistics
1
Slavic Languages
1
Insufficient Local Media Ecosystems, "Information Deserts"
1
Arab States: Media Assistance (Provided by Arab States)
1
Australia: Media Assistance
1
Austria: Media Assistance
1
Belgium: Media Assistance
1
Canada: Media Assistance
1
China: Media Assistance
1
Denmark: Media Assistance
1
Financing Media: Philanthropic Support
1
Ireland: Media Assistance
1
Japan: Media Assistance
1
Media Assistance Donors: Foundations & Private Donors
1
Media Assistance: Eastern & Southeast Europe
1
Media Assistance: Exile Media
1
Media Assistance: Governance, Accountability, Combating Corruption
1
Media Assistance: Journalists' Associations, Media Associations
1
Media Assistance: Lessons Learned
1
Media Assistance: Local Journalism & Media
1
Media Assistance: Post-Socialist Countries
1
Media Assistance: Public Service Broadcasting
1
Media Assistance: Refugees
1
Media Assistance: South-South Cooperation
1
Media Assistance: Television
1
Netherlands: Media Assistance
1
Norway: Media Assistance
1
Portugal: Media Assistance
1
Spain: Media Assistance
1
Sweden: Media Assistance
1
Switzerland: Media Assistance
1
United Kingdom: Media Assistance
1
USA: Media Assistance
1
Communication & Information Needs
1
Informal Communication Channels, Networks & Structures
1
Diffusion of Innovations
1
Information Exchange
1
Organizational Communication, Institutional Communication
1
Stereotypes in Media & Communication
1
Deregulation & Liberalisation of Media
1
Information & Communication Ministries
1
Media Democratization
1
Media Privatization
1
Media Literacy: Curricula
1
Media Literacy: Primary Education
1
Media Literacy: Youth
1
Civil Rights
1
Customary Law
1
Economic / Social / Cultural Rights
1
Forced Labour & Human Trafficking
1
Human Rights Protection
1
Licensing of Media
1
Ombudsmen
1
Corporate Social Responsibility
1
Cost-Benefit-Analysis, Cost-Effectiveness, Efficiency
1
Failures, Mistakes, Shortcomings: Experiences & Learnings
1
Newspaper Management
1
Organisational Development & Capacity Building
1
Organisational & Governing Structures of Media
1
Religious Media Management & Financing
1
Asociación de Radios y Programas Participativos de El Salvador (ARPAS)
1
Deutsche Welle
1
Kenya Broadcasting Corporation (KBC)
1
Konrad Adenauer Foundation
1
Namibian Broadcasting Corporation (NBC)
1
Office de la Radiodiffusion Télévision du Mali (ORTM)
1
Radiodiffusion Télévision Sénégalaise (RTS)
1
Radio Mozambique (RM)
1
Television Mozambique (TVM)
1
Uganda Broadcasting Corporation (UBC)
1
Zambia National Broadcasting Corporation (ZNBC)
1
Forced Migration, Forced Displacement
1
Migrants
1
Migrants & Refugees: Tailor-Made Media Products & Information Services
1
Music
1
Radio Music
1
People with Disabilities: Access to & Use of ICT and Media
1
Bhatia, Prem (1911-1995)
1
Photography
1
Accountability & Transparency
1
Guerillas, Insurgent Groups, Revolutionary Movements
1
Internal Politics
1
Political Change
1
Political Culture
1
Hindu Nationalism
1
Liberalism
1
Populism
1
Political Opposition
1
Political Resistance
1
Semi-Authoritarian Regimes & Defective Democracies
1
Hybrid Political Systems
1
Political Transition
1
Centralization
1
Election Monitoring
1
Framing
1
Independent & Oppositional Media
1
Political Role & Influence of Radio, Radio & Democratization
1
El Espectador (Newspaper, Colombia)
1
Kompas (Newspaper, Indonesia)
1
Periodicals
1
Public & State Press
1
Radio Production
1
Stakeholders, Stakeholder Analysis, Stakeholder Participation
1
Radio Formats
1
Non-Commercial Radios
1
Media Reception
1
Ideologies
1
Manipulation
1
Perception, Cognition & Comprehension
1
Fundamentalisms (Religious)
1
Indigenous & Traditional Religions, Indigenous Cosmovisions
1
Islamic Cultures: Role of Media
1
Muslim Media
1
Judaism
1
Jewish Media
1
Religion and State
1
Secularization & Atheism
1
Yazidism, Yazidis, Yezidis
1
Analysis
1
African Media Barometer (AMB)
1
Media Sustainability Index (MSI)
1
Interviewing (Journalistic Genre)
1
Reliability
1
Internet & ICTs in Rural Areas
1
Social Conflicts, Social Problems
1
Corruption & Combating Corruption
1
Apartheid
1
Nomades
1
Rohingya
1
Social Movements
1
Social Aspects
1
Social Development
1
Social Sciences Research
1
Castes
1
Sociology
1
Blockchain Technologies
1
Equipment
1
Computer Hardware
1
Computers
1
Robots, Robotics
1
Satellites
1
Software
1
Open Source Software
1
Teletransmission
1
Television Engineering & Technologies
1
Internet Bandwith, Broadband & Backbone Networks
1
WLAN Wireless Internet Access
1
Mobile Phone Apps
1
Mobile Phone Use for Social Purposes, Mobiles for Development
1
State Influence on ICT & Telecommunication Markets
1
Al-Manar (Television Channel, Lebanon)
1
China Global Television Network, CGTN (formerly China Central Television, CCTV)
1
Rede Globo (Television Network, Brazil)
1
Rede Record (Television Channel, Brazil)
1
Tele Liban (Television Channel, Lebanon)
1
TeleSur (Television Channel)
1
Televisa (Television Channel, Mexico)
1
Cultural Television Programmes
1
National Television Programmes
1
Reality Television Programmes & Daily Talks
1
Television Talk Shows
1
Urban Areas
1
Audiovisual Communication
1
Language
Document type
Countries / Regions
Authors & Publishers
Media focus
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Methods applied
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Entorno regulatorio y políticas públicas para la sostenibilidad de los medios comunitarios en Colombia

Jorge Alberto Londoño Lugo
Montevideo: Observacom (2022), 37 pp.
"Es necesario que el Congreso de la República expida una ley en donde se de estabilidad y seguridad jurídica a las comunidades organizadas que prestan el servicio de radio comunitaria. En la actualidad está reglamentado mediante una Resolución Ministerial, la cual es fácilmente modificable por ... more
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Digital Maps

British Council (2022), 136 pp.
"Developed and delivered in 2021/2022, the Digital Media Arts for an inclusive Public Sphere (Digital MAPS) programme brought together three universities, a data science and software company, an international Digital Peacebuilding NGO, as well as 18 country-based media-arts initiatives, to explore l ... more
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Entorno regulatorio y políticas públicas para la sostenibilidad de los medios comunitarios en El Salvador

Ricardo Iglesias
Montevideo: Observacom (2022), 47 pp.
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Media Capture in the Czech Republic: Lessons Learnt from the Babis Era and How to Rebuild Defences Against Media Capture

Michal Klima
International Press Institute (IPI) (2022), 32 pp.
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An Overview of the Media Landscape in South Sudan

Ojok Okello
Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung (KAS) (2022), 3 pp.
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Étude sur le développement des médias en Haïti: Basée sur les indicateurs de développement des médias de l’UNESCO

Jean Pharès Jérôme, Alberte Pétiote
Paris: UNESCO (2022), 75 pp.
"L’État peine à protéger les journalistes. Les attaques contre eux sont fréquentes et leurs auteurs sont rarement traduits en justice. Une insécurité qui renforce la précarité des journalistes, par ailleurs peu rémunérés, pas toujours formés, et souvent contraints d’exercer simultan ... more
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Assessment of Media Development in Ethiopia: Based on UNESCO's Media Development Indicators

Mulatu Alemayehu Moges, Dagim Afework Mekonnen et al.
Paris; Addis Ababa: UNESCO (2022), 131 pp.
"In a country like Ethiopia which is rich in languages, politics, cultures, and values and which experiences an exponentially growing population, media and the access to plural information is crucial for peace and development. This study finds, however, that the number of media and the diversity of ... more
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State of Press Freedom in Cambodia

Geneva: United Nations, Office of the High Commission on Human Rights (OHCHR) (2022), 29 pp.
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Assessment of the Media Sector in Bangladesh: Final Report

ME&A, Inc.;USAID (2022), 64 pp.
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Colombia: Guía del Panorama de Medios

David Alejandro Schoeller-Diaz, Sayuri Raigoza Rivera
CDAC Network;Deutsche Welle DW Akademie (2022), 26 pp.
"Esta Guía del Panorama de los Medios brinda una instantánea de los medios en Colombia, incluidas las audiencias, los productores, las preferencias de los diferentes grupos de la comunidad, la cultura de las comunicaciones y los idiomas asociados con los medios. Da una idea del papel de los medios ... more
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Towards Better Policies in the Platform Economy: Ghana Ratings 2022

David Sutcliffe (ed.)
Fairwork;Oxford Internet Institute;Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin für Sozialforschung (WZB) (2022), 43 pp.
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Fairwork India Ratings 2022: Labour Standards in the Platform Economy

Bangalore; Oxford; Berlin: Fairwork (2022), 43 pp.
"There are two highlights to this year’s findings, firstly, the same three platforms that scored the first point for Fair Pay last year scored a point this year too. No other platform publicly committed, or provided sufficient evidence, to ensure that workers earn at least the hourly local minimum ... more
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Towards Equitable Work for all Platform Workers: Fairwork Nigeria Ratings 2022

Yinka David-West, Kemi Ogunyemi, Chinyere Emeshie, Amaka Anozie, Daniel Arubayi, Mark Graham
Fairwork;Oxford Internet Institute;Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin für Sozialforschung (WZB);Lagos Business School (2022), 41 pp.
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Media Literacy, Disinformation & Misinformation in the Caribbean

Public Media Alliance;UNESCO;Media Institute of the Caribbean;Association of Caribbean Media Workers (2022), 78 pp.
"This situation report herein analyses media and information literacy (MIL), disinformation, and trust in news across the Caribbean. It contains country reports from eight researchers, covering eight Caribbean nations: the Bahamas, Barbados, Grenada, Guyana, Jamaica, St. Vincent & the Grenadines, Su ... more
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Post-2018 Media Landscape in Ethiopia: A Review

Mulatu Alemayehu Moges
Center for the Advancement of Rights and Democracy (CARD) (2022), v, 46 pp.
"The advancement of digital technologies, political and legal changes, and the growth in the number of journalism schools in Ethiopia have generally contributed to the overall growth of media outlets and media workers. However, there is no comprehensive source of information that shows the impact of ... more
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The State of Press Freedom in Southern Africa 2020-2021

Nashilongo Gervasius-Nakale, Kholwani Nyathi, Reyhana Masters (eds.)
Media Institute of Southern Africa (MISA) (2022), 75 pp.
"Privacy is necessary for journalists to communicate freely with sources, receive confidential information, investigate corruption, and guarantee their safety and that of their sources. Therefore, it is worrying that governments and big corporations are working to undermine the right to privacy by a ... more
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New money. Bitcoin and cryptoassets in Central America: The case of El Salvador

Felipe J. Echandi Lacayo
Potsdam: Friedrich Naumann Stiftung (2022), 16 pp.
"El Salvador’s experiment, though mired with fiscal and political issues from before, has shown that the adoption of public blockchain assets like Bitcoin are not taken in good regard by legacy financial multilateral institutions and are seen with great skepticism and concern. Although the adoptio ... more
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Russian Disinformation Efforts on Social Media

Elina Treyger, Joe Cheravitch, Raphael S. Cohen
Santa Monica: RAND Corporation (2022), xviii, 202 pp.
"We sought to better understand Russia's disinformation on social media and generate recommendations to better meet and counter this evolving threat. We relied on an analysis of Russian military literature, investigative efforts, official reports, academic and policy literature, media reporting, and ... more
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Brief No.1: Media Restrictions and the Implications for Gender Equality in Afghanistan

Michelle Gehrig
Kabul: UN Women (2022), 29 pp.
"After nearly 20 years of international investment and successful efforts to build a diverse media landscape and strengthen journalism standards, the Afghan media sector has fundamentally changed for the worse since the Taliban (also referred herein to as the de facto authorities) takeover on 15 Aug ... more
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Afghanistan's media developments and challenges in the past two decades: A short glance at media freedom

Masom Jan Masomy
Reality of Politics, issue 19 (2022), pp. 64-77
"Media, during Taliban five years period from 1996–2001, had been totally suffocated. Only limited number of print media would publish to spread the propaganda of Taliban Emirate under Sharia Law. Post-Taliban era, media landscape obtained new image with the establishment of democratic government. ... more