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Public Diplomacy, Cultural Diplomacy
25
China Global Television Network, CGTN (formerly China Central Television, CCTV)
13
Transnational Broadcasting, International Broadcasting
10
China: Media Assistance
9
Media Assistance: Interaction with Foreign Policies
9
Non-Western Communication Approaches
9
Foreign Countries: Reporting & Media Representation
7
Transnational Television, International Television
7
Foreign Disinformation, Foreign Information Manipulation Operations, Foreign Propaganda
5
COVID-19 Communication
5
Globalisation of Media
5
Image Abroad
5
Authoritarian Regimes: Government Communication Strategies
4
Digital Media Censorship, Control & Filtering, Internet & Social Media Censorship
4
Disinformation, Misinformation, Fake News
4
Foreign Media Investments, Foreign Media Ownership
4
Media Assistance
4
Government Communication Strategies
3
YouTube
3
China: Foreign Media Representation & Image Abroad
3
Foreign Correspondents
3
Russia: Foreign Information Operations, International Broadcasting, Public Diplomacy
3
Media Assistance: Regional Approaches & Experiences
3
Propaganda
3
Public & State Television
3
Media Use: Foreign / International Media
2
Bollywood
2
Television Programme & Format Trade
2
Russia-Ukraine War <2014-
2
Digital Economies & Markets
2
Television Industries
2
Television Markets
2
Africa: Foreign Media Representation & Image Abroad
2
Foreign Television Programmes
2
China: Foreign Policy, Foreign Investments, Development Assistance
2
Foreign Policies
2
Constructive Journalism, Solution-Oriented Journalism
2
Xinhua (News Agency, China)
2
COVID-19 Pandemic: Effects on Journalism, Media & Communication
2
Television Law & Regulation
2
Public Media, State Media
2
Digital Television
2
Digital & Social Media Use: Youth
1
Television Consumption, Televison Use, Television Audiences
1
Authoritarian Discourse
1
Animated Cartoons, Animated Films
1
Film Industries
1
Film Markets
1
Transnational Film Co-Productions
1
Freedom of Expression Online, Internet Freedom
1
Intellectual Property
1
Espionage
1
State Influence on the Media
1
Media Freedom, Press Freedom
1
Government Propaganda
1
Social Media Marketing & Digital Public Relations
1
Community Radios
1
Conflict Reporting, Armed Conflict Reporting
1
Foreign Conflict Reporting, International War Reporting
1
War Reporting
1
Discourse & Discourse Analysis
1
Collective Memory & Media, Media Representation of History
1
Cultural Policies
1
Cultural Influence
1
Narratives, Narrative Structures
1
Development Assistance
1
Big Digital Platforms, Big Tech Companies
1
Digital Journalism, Online Journalism
1
Netflix
1
Twitter & Microblogs
1
Ethnic / Minority Online Communities & Websites
1
AI Reporting
1
ICTs and Development
1
ICT Development Assistance: Donors
1
Information Society
1
Minorities & Disadvantaged Groups: Reporting & Media Representation
1
Election Campaigns: Disinformation & Misinformation
1
Health Disinformation & Misinformation
1
Public Goods, Commons
1
Sports Reporting
1
Television Entertainment, Television Entertainment Programmes
1
Soap Operas & Telenovelas
1
Television Dramas
1
Gender Relations
1
Gatekeepers
1
Vaccination Campaigns & Vaccine Hesitancy
1
Adaptation of Media Products to Other Countries / Cultural Contexts
1
Foreign Press, Foreign Language Press
1
Influence of Media on Foreign & International Policies
1
Media Assistance: Journalism Exchange Programmes
1
Media Assistance: Transnational Exchange & Cooperation
1
International Radio Broadcasting, Foreign Radio Broadcasting
1
Transnational Communication
1
Turkey: International Broadcasting, Public Diplomacy, Image Abroad
1
USA: International Broadcasting & Public Diplomacy
1
OECD
1
Journalism
1
Associations & Networks of Journalists
1
Collaborative Journalism, Journalism Cooperation
1
Journalism Concepts & Cultures
1
Media Assistance: Journalism Education & Training
1
Journalists: Professional Identity & Values
1
Safety of Journalists, Safety Risks of Media Workers
1
News Values, News Selection Criteria
1
Television News
1
Election Reporting
1
Media Assistance: Donor Organizations
1
Stereotypes in Media & Communication
1
Television Policies
1
Radio Landscapes
1
Television Landscapes
1
Internet Governance, Internet Policies
1
Knowledge Sharing & Transfer
1
Television Management
1
Diasporas
1
Communism, Marxism
1
Neocolonalism
1
Political Parties: Communication Strategies
1
Public Opinion
1
Public Opinion Manipulation
1
University Radios
1
Influence of Foreign Media on National Politics
1
Comparative Approaches & Methods in Communication Research
1
COVID-19 Pandemic: Economic, Political and Social Effects
1
Society & Media, Media Sociology
1
Huawei (Chinese Digital Communications Technology Conglomerate)
1
Technology Transfer
1
Telecommunication Companies, Mobile Phone & Fixed Line Operators
1
Telecommunication Industries & Markets
1
Commercial Television
1
Television Channels
1
HispanTV (Iranian International Broadcaster)
1
Hunan TV (Television Channel, China)
1
RT (Russian International Broadcaster, formerly Russia Today)
1
Television Programmes & Genres
1
Language
Document type
Countries / Regions
Authors & Publishers
Media focus
Publication Years
Methods applied
Journals
Output Type
"The study examines Global Times’ strategic narratives on the Russia-Ukraine War (2022–2024) by analysing 301 articles through issue, identity and systemic frameworks. It reveals China’s framing of the conflict as a US-Russia proxy war, positioning itself as a neutral mediator advocating multi ... more
"China’s extensive media presence in Africa aims to distinguish itself through the use of constructive journalism in contrast with the perceived dominance of conflict journalism by Western media outlets. However, many scholars have raised questions of consistency surrounding Chinese media’s use ... more

China’s Strategy to Shape Africa’s Media Space

Washington, DC: Africa Center for Strategic Studies, April 16 (2024)
"China’s biggest media conglomerate, Xinhua, has 37 bureaus in Africa. This dwarves any other news agency—African or non-African—and is a dramatic increase from just a handful two decades ago. Another Chinese media giant, StarTimes, is China’s biggest player in African digital TV and the sec ... more
"This book explores how journalism is practiced around the world and how there are multiple factors at the structural and contextual level shaping journalism practice. Drawing on case studies of how conflicts, pandemics, political developments, or human rights violations are covered in an online-fir ... more
"This book focuses on China’s media diplomacy and its interplay with a range of international conflicts. It assesses the representation and framing of China, as well as the perception and reception of China’s media communication in relation to various crises and conflicts. Including detailed ana ... more
"This article examines China–US competition for narratives by analyzing whether and how Chinese and American diplomats engage each other in routine diplomatic outreach to African audiences on Twitter. Drawing on case studies of Kenya and South Africa, our study uncovers “asymmetrical discursive ... more
"Beijing's state-backed media, which once seemed incapable having a significant effect globally, has been overhauled and expanded. At a time when many democracies' media outlets are consolidating due to financial pressures, China's biggest state media outlets, like the newswire Xinhua, are modernizi ... more
"The year 2012 stands as a significant milestone in China's government-led external communication activities. It was in early 2012 that Beijing launched television broadcasting and production centres in Washington, DC, USA (CCTV America, now CGTN America) and Nairobi, Kenya (CGTN Africa). Later in t ... more
"Through policy analysis and close reading of two films, this article reveals films’ increasing role in China’s geopolitical plan, the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). The co-production film Xuanzang shows that the Silk Road past is used to illustrate BRI’s pledge for a beneficial future. Even ... more
"This study looks at the effects of Chinese cultural diplomacy on the African continent. While for a long time China's investments in large infrastructure projects were viewed positively, Joffe now notes a growing awareness both in civil society and in government agencies of ambivalent consequences. ... more

China's Discourse Power: Capabilities and Impact

Washington, DC: Atlantic Council (2023), 40 pp.
"This paper explores China’s increasing media engagement with Latin American partners. It examines the case of Mundo China (MC), a China-news segment broadcast by the Brazilian news channel BandNews TV and co-produced in partnership with CCTV. By conducting content analysis, we assess how China is ... more
"Through policy analysis and close reading of two films, this article reveals films’ increasing role in China’s geopolitical plan, the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). The co-production film Xuanzang shows that the Silk Road past is used to illustrate BRI’s pledge for a beneficial future. Even ... more

China’s Media Propaganda in Africa: A Strategic Assessment

Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace (USIP) (2023), 23 pp.
"This paper examines the recent shifts and debates in the organization of the television landscape following the implementation of digital migration in Zambia. It ponders Zambia’s experience in the digital migration exercise, playing particular attention to the country’s interaction with the Chi ... more
"This paper examines the influence of international political actors in perpetuating disinformation in fragile states, using Iraq as a case study. The advent of modern technology and social media has transformed the global information landscape, providing new avenues for the dissemination of disinfo ... more
"The Chinese Communist Party (CCP) has long sought to influence media coverage about China in other countries. Over the past decade, this campaign has accelerated, reaching new world regions and topics. This article examines how CCP-linked actors seek to manipulate foreign information environments i ... more
"Chinas Streben nach weltweiter medialer Dominanz und Diskursmacht ist eine konkrete Gefahr für demokratische Länder. Wenn sich Demokratien dem nicht widersetzen, werden chinesische Bürgerinnen und Bürger jegliche Hoffnung auf Pressefreiheit im eigenen Land verlieren und der Journalismus, wie wi ... more
"This report provides a framework for understanding China's discourse-power ambitions [...], the strategy China has developed to achieve them, and an initial assessment of the successes and limitations of these efforts to date. The report begins by tracing the evolution of China's conception of disc ... more