"We found that Covid-19 intensified economic pressures facing the global news media industry. It accelerated the decline of many news publishers’ most profitable revenue stream—printed newspaper advertising and circulation. Outlets in low- and middle-income countries have been the most severely
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impacted, with a rate of decline almost two times faster than the global average. Record growth in digital advertising and online subscription revenue in 2020 will not be sufficient to make up the difference. This has led to newsroom closures, layoffs and pay cuts for journalists at a time when access to trustworthy information is desperately needed. Covid-19 could help drive innovation in the news media industry, as outlets find alternative revenue streams by developing new products and tapping into new audiences. But in low- and middle-income countries, where many outlets operate in an unstable business environment and have limited access to investment capital, philanthropy and government support, the pandemic threatens the fundamental existence of free, fair, independent news media ecosystems." (Executive summary, page 8)
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"Esta publicación presenta información sobre el mercado actual de los medios de comunicación en Guatemala; sobre cómo la población percibe estos medios y cuáles son los hábitos de la audiencia en el consumo de la información. Además, ofrece recomendaciones para mejorar la viabilidad de los
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medios [...] Los resultados presentados abajo se refieren a las respuestas obtenidas de las 752 personas que participaron en la encuesta. Las audiencias se informan de preferencia en periódicos digitales y televisión, seguido por redes sociales. Prensa Libre es más leído, seguido por elPeriódico. La información que más se consume es la nacional, internacional y política. Un 86 por ciento lee noticias mínimo una vez al día, 65 por ciento incluso varias veces. Generalmente bien temprano o en la noche y sin preferencia para algún día en particular. El 78 por ciento lee noticias en el celular. El medio de comunicación que las personas encuestadas consideran más confiable es elPeriódico, seguido por Prensa Libre, Plaza Pública, Soy502, Ojo con mi Pisto y Agencia Ocote. Los primeros canales de televisión se encuentran en el noveno y el décimo puesto. Se confía principalmente por la presentación de noticias objetivas e información verificada y veraz, la independencia del medio, el profesionalismo de sus periodistas y la investigación." (Resumen ejecutivo, página 4-6)
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"Esta publicación presenta información sobre el mercado actual de los medios de comunicación en El Salvador, sobre cómo la población percibe estos medios y cuáles son los hábitos de la audiencia en el consumo de la información. Además, ofrece recomendaciones para mejorar la viabilidad de lo
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s medios [...] Los resultados presentados abajo se refieren a las respuestas obtenidas de las 1074 personas que participaron en la encuesta. Los periódicos digitales y las redes sociales son los medios más preferidos para informarse, seguidos por la televisión. Las notas nacionales, internacionales y de política son la información más consumida. Un 68.5 por ciento manifiesta leer noticias varias veces al día; ocho de cada diez no tienen preferencia en cuanto al día. El celular es el dispositivo preferido para leer noticas con el 73 por ciento de respuestas. Los medios más consumidos son El Faro, La Prensa Gráfica y El Diario de Hoy. La televisora mejor posicionada en el ranking es TCS. El periódico más confiado es El Faro. Las principales razones para confiar en un medio son la imparcialidad, objetividad y su capacidad de investigar y transmitir noticias reales. El Faro, Gato Encerrado y Revista Factum son considerados los más independientes de grupos de poder político o económico, aunque 16.4 por ciento opina que ningún medio es independiente." (Resumen ejecutivo, página 4-6)
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"El informe [...] analiza el impacto de la COVID-19 en los medios de comunicación masivos de Argentina, Chile, Brasil, Uruguay, Paraguay, Bolivia, Perú, Ecuador, Colombia, Venezuela, Costa Rica, Panamá, México, Honduras, Nicaragua y España. Durante la pandemia, el mundo entero se detuvo, pero l
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a industria periodística funcionó con una intensidad extraordinaria. Los profesionales de medios no solo debieron responder a una demanda de información sin precedentes, sino también enfrentar desafíos adicionales asociados a la falta de financiamiento, la labilidad de la seguridad física y laboral, la reestructuración de las condiciones y los modos de trabajo y fenómenos como la desinformación, entre otros aspectos. En la presentación [...] el presidente de ADEPA Daniel Dessein dijo que “en Latinoamérica la recuperación ha sido relativa, dejando vulnerable al periodismo, en tiempos en el que su función se torna más necesaria. En el período analizado crecieron los niveles de polarización, desinformación y debilitamiento institucional de nuestras sociedades. El periodismo es un factor imprescindible para contrarrestar estos avances. Por eso es tan relevante contar con un diagnóstico adecuado sobre la salud de la prensa para poder plantear vías adecuadas para su recuperación y fortalecimiento”. Por su parte, Adriana Amado, presidenta de Infociudadana, explicó que “la pandemia generó que la humanidad acelerara los tiempos de digitalización, y a su vez mostró que no en todos los lugares de Latinoamérica en contraste con España, estaba la estructura necesaria para que la conectividad fuera confiable. Si bien esto es crítico para toda la sociedad, es excluyente para la labor y función de medios y periodistas de localidades donde no hay buen acceso a la conectividad”. (https://adepa.org.ar)
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"Este relatório fornece transcrições resumidas de consultas nacionais sobre a viabilidade da mídia com as partes interessadas no setor dos meios de comunicação. As consultas nacionais são baseadas nas trocas de conhecimento e pesquisas proporcionadas pela UNESCO e pela The Economist Intellige
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nce Unit (EIU) e visam explorar a viabilidade de possíveis soluções para preservar a viabilidade da mídia sem comprometer a independência editorial e a integridade do jornalismo. As consultas nacionais foram organizadas e resumidas pela Free Press Unlimited (FPU)." (Introdução)
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"The volume helps us deconstruct COVID-19 discourses on crisis communication and media developments focusing on three areas: Media viability, Framing and Health crisis communication. The chapters unpack issues on marginalisation, gender, media sustainability, credibility, priming, trust, sources, be
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havioural change, mental health, (mis)information, vaccine hesitancy and myths and more. Ultimately, this volume roots for sustainable and quality journalism, human (information and communication) rights, commitment to truth and efficacious (health) crisis communication." (Publisher description)
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"[...] almost all the media experts interviewed in the study identified “political and legal system,” “public attitude and relationship to media,” and “economic and ownership situation” to be the top three biggest obstacles to news media viability in Ethiopia. In fact, almost four-fifth
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of the respondents voted for “politics” to be ranked the biggest obstacle, while two-third voted for “public attitude and relationship to media,” and half of the experts cited “economic and ownership situation,” to be in the top three viability obstacles in the Ethiopian media environment. Experts understandably identified “political and legal system” as the most constricting challenge to news media institutions in Ethiopia since most of the problems faced by the media, or at least those in news headlines, were with the authorities and the law. However, subsequent scoring of the media viability indicators and aggregation of those scores to drive meaning has crystalized the fact that the most severe media viability challenges to the Ethiopian news media come not from “political and legal system,” or “economic and ownership situation,” but “technological situation of the country” and “general quality of content”. (Conclusion and recommendations, page 43)
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"Los medios investigados en este estudio llegan más que todo a una población de mayor poder adquisitivo y niveles académicos que buscan un periodismo serio, investigativo, de calidad. Es una audiencia bastante involucrada con el medio. Le gusta a esa audiencia sentirse parte del medio de comunica
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ción, colaborarle y tener contacto directo con sus periodistas. En específico, les gusta participar en diálogos y debates mediante eventos presenciales y webinars, sugerir temas de investigación, recibir información mediante boletínes informativos personalizados, y tener acceso a podcasts, videos, EBooks. El acceso a este tipo de servicios y productos puede ser incluso una razón de que se empiece a apoyar económicamente a un medio. El reto está en llegar a más y nuevas audiencias, más diversas, de segmentos distintos a las que actualmente no apelan por sus investigaciones con textos eruditos largos, porque más bien buscan noticias más populares o formatos más entretenidos (como los videos que son preferidos por la población joven)." (Relación con las audiencias, página 37)
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"The fact that about half of the news-producing media organizations categorise themselves as having insufficient newsroom resources as far as equipment, technology and training are concerned suggests that there is still need to look into equipping newsrooms technologically and continuing efforts to
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upskill journalists in the region. As regards positive journalistic practices in content production, such as fact-checking and adhering to ethics, there is generally confidence that the right systems and procedures are in place. Sufficient and regular pay for newsroom staff is however lower ranked. Considering that journalism is a talent good and the best talents are retained by, among other factors, sufficient remuneration, this is an issue worth keeping an eye on, if media houses in the region want to retain high quality staff who will produce high quality content in the long run. On finances, the fact that government funding was a stabilizing factor during the COVID-19 pandemic argues for creating structures that would enable media houses to access government support in times of need – such as a permanent fund – but only so long as it does not come at the price of editorial independence." (Conclusion, page 64)
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"Esta publicación presenta información sobre el mercado de los medios de comunicación en Nicaragua, sobre cómo la población los percibe y cuáles son los hábitos de la audiencia en el consumo de la información. Además, ofrece recomendaciones para mejorar la viabilidad de los medios [...] Los
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resultados presentados abajo se refieren a las respuestas obtenidas de las 841 personas que participaron en la encuesta. Los periódicos digitales son los medios más preferidos para informarse, seguidos por la televisión y las redes sociales. La información que más se consume son las noticias nacionales, específicamente políticas. Un 87 por ciento manifiesta leer noticias por lo menos una vez al día y un 65 por ciento incluso varias veces al día. La gran mayoría no prefiere un día en específico para leer, pero sí prefiere leer temprano en el día o por la noche. El celular es el dispositivo preferido para leer noticias. Los medios más consumidos son los considerados más confiables: la versión digital de Confidencial y La Prensa, seguidos por Canal 10. Los medios oficialistas están entre los que menos se consideran confiables. Las principales razones por confiar en un medio son: noticias objetivas e información veraz, la independencia del medio, el profesionalismo de sus periodistas y la verificación de fuentes." (Resumen ejecutivo, página 4-6)
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"This Binding Constraints Analysis is part of the process of building a business case for private sector investment and public sector support for the media in Sierra Leone. Informed by the findings of the State of the Media report, this analysis is aimed at presenting an overview of the risks, chall
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enges, opportunities and benefits of investing in the media in Sierra Leone. The analysis is expected to serve as the main discussion paper for the National Media Viability and Investment Forum." (Introduction, page 1)
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"The reach of the media outlets researched in this study extends above all to a population with greater purchasing power and educational attainment, who are looking for serious, investigative, quality journalism. This audience likes to feel part of the media outlet, collaborate with it, and have dir
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ect contact with its journalists. They specifically like to participate in dialogue and debates through in-person events and webinars, suggest topics for investigation, receive information by means of personalised newsletters, and have access to podcasts, videos and e-books. Access to this type of service and product may even be a reason to begin lending economic support to a media outlet. The challenge is to reach more and new audiences, of greater diversity and different segments, to whom their current investigations with long, erudite texts do not currently appeal, because they are instead looking for more popular news items or more entertaining formats (such as the videos preferred by the younger population." (Lessons learned, página 18-19)
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"This edited volume considers why the African language press is unstable and what can be done to develop quality African language journalism into a sustainable business. Providing an overview of the African language journalism landscape, this book examines the challenges of operating sustainable Afr
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ican language media businesses. The chapters explore the political economy and management of African language media and consider case studies of the successes and failures of African language newspapers, as well as the challenges of developing quality journalism." (Publisher description)
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"Sustainable journalism addresses two intertwined challenges of our time: * The sustainability crisis of society, e.g. environmental crises, democratic crises, poverty, financial crises, armed conflicts, etc. Obviously, journalism has a crucial role to play here since it contributes greatly to the p
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ublic agenda, as well as people’s understanding – and hence the handling – of such challenges. * The sustainability crisis of journalism itself, which stems from lower advertising, decreasing subsidies for public service media, falling consumption, lack of trust in media among citizens, and fierce competition from online information brokers and advertising. The complex reality of today requires this kind of integrated journalistic approach in order to uphold the democratic function and not least the legitimacy of professional journalism. Consequently, journalism’s response to the sustainability challenges can be seen as a prerequisite for the future sustainability of journalism itself, ranging from high-quality, in-depth coverage to robust business models, but also extending into considerations of media systems and relations with governments and business interests. In this way, sustainable journalism attempts to counter the obvious risk that the efforts to maintain economic sustainability of the journalistic enterprise take place at the expense of professional journalism’s social/democratic mission – to hold power to account and to inform citizens, and to spur public engagement about current and future economic, social, and environmental challenges." (Executive summary)
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"This report aims to progress the media development sector’s work towards the financial sustainability of independent news media. It proposes a new ecosystem-level framework for categorising media outlets, measuring their performance and making them more resilient to their obstacles in reaching an
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d generating income from audiences and businesses. The proposed framework is intended for use by media development implementers (such as Internews), media outlets, donors, technologists and research partners." (Publisher description)
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"This paper aims to trace the social construct of sustainability in the context of media development and define what is to be sustained, at the level of the intervention (the process of change) or its outcome (the impact on the medium itself). It is intended for all those who are concerned, closely
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or remotely, with ‘media action’ – and this expression is used here to mean any intervention (inside or outside a given media system) that promotes either communication for social change (the use of media for development purposes) or media development (the targeted development of independent outlets). This literature review focuses on the evolution of the concept of sustainability and the way it has been endorsed by the media, media action implementers and donors over time, as funds dedicated to media assistance have increased and the digital revolution has questioned most of the foundations of the media industry, with regard to production, distribution and information usage." (Abstract)
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"The intersection between media and politics remains very strong in several countries under study. In these conditions, there is often little transparency on media ownership and a lack of transparency on local funding sources of media. Relatedly, in some cases, a change in government policies was ra
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ised as an important precondition to possibly change the negative discourse towards the (public) media. A different political climate may benefit the financial conditions of a media outlet, for instance by lifting difficulties in acquiring media licenses or access to (governmental) funding by independent media. The advertisement markets for media are, in many of the countries under study, still controlled by a few large, more traditional media outlets. Generally, the advertising market is driven by a number of factors, including a network, political patronage, and the ability of media owners to utilise relationships with the corporate sector. Due to the digitalisation of media and the advertising market, the market has further changed over the past years. There is limited to no regulation in the distribution of advertisement funding based on quality standards for journalism. Some media practitioners proposed to address this problem by stimulating national governments to support regulatory bodies for media advertisement. While digital advertisement is on the rise, most revenue of online (media) advertisement is directed to big tech companies. An increased amount of advertising money is flowing towards social media platforms, and Internet advertising has been rising exponentially, as observed in all countries under study. The media sector as a whole is suffering from this trend, particularly the more traditional print media who are struggling to make the transition to online media. In some countries under study, media are not even eligible to generate an income on the large social media platforms. Policies to regulate online advertisement is imperative to strengthen the competition position of traditional media." (Global trends, page 9)
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