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Community Building through the Airwaves RefFM Radio Station and Young People in Kakuma

Valentina Baú, Michael Omandi Owiso

Journal of Radio & Audio Media (2025), 20 pp.

"This paper examines the role that community radio can play in a refugee camp, with particular focus on community building and social cohesion among young people. The article introduces the experience of RefFM in Kakuma refugee camp, Kenya. Findings from four focus groups with young refugees in Kaku ... more

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Radio Kwizera: Media development in crisis regions

Sheila Mysorekar

Deutsche Welle DW Akademie, March 12 (2024)

"Kwizera" means hope. Since 2020, DW Akademie has been supporting a radio station of the same name in northwestern Tanzania. It provides vital information to refugees and the surrounding communities." (Introduction)

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A Central American Audience Opportunity: The U.S. Diaspora

Claudia L. Cruz

Oxford: Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism (2022), 32 pp.

"Advertising-based revenue strategies tend to create a tunnel vision within regional media outlets, distracting them from investing time and resources in innovation to explore other audience opportunities. Take the example of catering to the diaspora: what would happen if Prensa Libre (Guatemala), L ... more

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Broadcasting During COVID-19: Community Language Radio and Listener Well-Being

Ambrin Hasnain, Amanda E. Krause, John Hajek, Anya Lloyd-Smith, Laura Lori

Radio Journal: International Studies in Broadcast & Audio Media, issue 2 (2022), pp. 227-247

"Community language radio is known to provide information and social connection for community members. This article examines the role of community language radio in Australia during the COVID-19 global pandemic. Drawing on data from interviews with four presenters at a community language radio stati ... more

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Diversität in Bibliotheken: Theorien, Strategien und Praxisbeispiele

Julia Hauck, Sylvia Linneberg (eds.)

Berlin; Boston: De Gruyter Saur (2022), xvi, 305 pp.

"Der Vielfalt der Gesellschaft gerecht zu werden, stellt öffentliche Bibliotheken vor Herausforderungen. Der Band gibt einen Überblick zur strategischen und diskriminierungskritischen Organisationsentwicklung sowie zur Veranstaltungs- und Bestandsarbeit für diversitätssensible Öffnung. Eine Vie ... more

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Moving Up the Digital Ladder: The Case of Refugees Digital Financial Inclusion in Rwanda

UN Capital Development Fund (UNCDF) (2022), 21 pp.

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From radio to artificial intelligence: Review of innovative technology in literacy and education for refugees, migrants and internally displaced persons

Rakhat Zholdoshalieva et al.

Hamburg: UNESCO Institute for Lifelong Learning (2022), 86 pp.

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Common Service Evaluation: What Role Has the Common Service Played in Helping Agencies Communicate with Rohingya and Host Communities During the Covid-19 Pandemic?

Nicola Bailey, Nushrat Mehjabin, Sifati Tamanna

London: BBC Media Action (2021), 51 pp.

"The common service for community engagement and accountability, through its consortium members BBC Media Action and Translators Without Borders (TWB), aims to help agencies and sectors working to support Rohingya refugees and local host communities living in Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh to achieve thi ... s by providing a range of specialist, technical support services. Movement restrictions implemented since the beginning of the pandemic meant that humanitarian programmes were reduced to essential services only in the Rohingya camps, community engagement efforts were restricted, and many initiatives planned for the host community were cancelled. The common service adapted its activities in a number of ways: carrying out online training sessions with practitioners; conducting telephone research with communities; shifting the focus of communication products to meet communities’ information needs around Covid-19; and working with partners to use communication channels which would ensure information was still able to reach communities [...] This evaluation has shown that practitioners feel the common service played a critical role in getting important information to Rohingya communities during this time. It did this through: - Helping partner agencies understand Rohingya communitiesf perspectives and concerns, and how to communicate with them, based on up to date research and a cultural understanding developed over time (using What Matters? as a vehicle for sharing this information, as well as providing practitioner training and bespoke advice). - Creating and disseminating audio and visual content which is easy for Rohingya people to understand, and helps volunteers and field staff communicate effectively with them. - Working in partnership with humanitarian agencies to adapt communication strategies and make sure information was reaching people despite Covid-19 restrictions, for example adapting audio programmes to be played through mosque loudspeaker systems; training Imams to communicate on Covid-19; ensuring content is played at food distribution points and other essential services; and equipping community health workers with simple and effective communication materials about Covid-19 to use in door to door visits." (Executive summary) more

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How Sahan Journal Built Community Support to Grow Revenue by 50% in One Year

Katie Hawkins-Gaar

Institute for Nonprofit News (2021), 16 pp.

"The nonprofit news outlet, dedicated to providing coverage for and about immigrants and Minnesotans of color, launched in August 2019 with just one salaried employee—its founder and editor, Mukhtar Ibrahim. Two years later, the news outlet had 11 salaried employees and three contractors. The digi ... tal news organization is a fundraising powerhouse. In 2019, Sahan Journal brought in nearly $500,000 from supporters, including contributions from foundations and individuals. In 2020, it raised over $770,000 in total revenue, more than a 50% increase from the year before. And as of July 2021, it’s up to $1,240,000 in revenue. Compared with other local and state news outlets also founded in 2019, Sahan Journal has brought in roughly quadruple the median amount of revenue. And there’s more: Sahan Journal has dramatically grown its audience. In its first year of publication, Sahan Journal’s monthly uniques more than quadrupled and its email newsletter subscribers increased by 1,400%. And, as the audience grew, so did individual donations. The number of donors more than tripled from 253 in 2019 to 785 in 2020. One of the most important ways that Sahan Journal has achieved such financial success is by participating in NewsMatch, a collective fundraising campaign that pools matching gifts from national, regional, and local funders to inspire millions of small donations to support nonprofit journalism. During its first NewsMatch campaign, from Nov. 1 to Dec. 31, 2019, Sahan Journal raised $25,500 in individual donations. The following year, the nonprofit raised more than $58,000 in eligible donations during NewsMatch and—more notably—leveraged the program learnings to establish best fundraising practices and launch its own small-dollar donor fundraising campaigns. In total, Sahan Journal raised $110,000 from individual giving in 2020. Organizations like Sahan Journal that participate in NewsMatch don’t just receive matching funds. As part of the program, they are required to be members of the Institute for Nonprofit News (INN), which means they participate alongside a cohort of hundreds of other nonprofit news outlets. They also receive training resources and fundraising support from INN and learning partners like the News Revenue Hub. Altogether, participating organizations receive unrestricted financial support, new skills and tools to strengthen fundraising capabilities, and valuable engagement with supporters who care about quality news. This case study outlines Mukhtar’s vision, details how he and his staff have raised funds, and includes advice and tips for other news outlets looking to build support from individual donors and major funders." (Pages 1-2) more

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Unlocking the Power of Digital Technologies to Support "Learning to Earning" for Displaced Youth

Joel Mullan, Emma Broadbent et al.

UNICEF (2021), 45 pp.

"This report provides an overview of how digital technologies are being used to support youth’s transition from school to work, ‘learning to earning’, in displaced and host communities. Based on a rapid analysis of emerging approaches and lessons in this burgeoning space, the report’s purpos ... more

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Smart Migration Guide: Ghana

Susanne Bellinghausen, Sara Budarz et al.

Migrant Media Network;r0g_agency for open culture and critical transformation (2021), 59 pp.

"The #MMN Smart Migration Guide offers information, discussion topics, and resources to be used by trainers and potential migrants to learn about the impact and consequences of migration. The guide is designed to support individuals in clarifying their goals and in making informed, safer migration d ... more

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Using Social Media in Community-Based Protection: A Guide

Anahi Ayala Iacucci

UNHCR (2021), 240 pp.

"This Guide aims to support UNHCR country offices in the use of Social Media to protect People of Concern (PoCs) and ensure they enjoy their rights. We will show how UNHCR staff and partners can develop a Community-Based Protection (CBP) strategy, using Social Media in a way that respects UNHCR’s ... more

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Sistematización de la estrategia de comunicación: Proyecto Alma Llanera - Care Perú

Equilibrium;Care (2021), 49 pp.

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Informing Hard-to-Reach Immigrant Groups about COVID-19—Reaching the Somali Population in Oslo

Jan-Paul Brekke

Journal of Refugee Studies, volume 35, issue 1 (2021), pp. 641-661

"This article provides a case study of an information campaign directed at people of Somali decent living in the worst hit district of Oslo, the capital of Norway. The Somalis were the immigrant group most affected by the COVID-19 in Norway during the first wave of the pandemic. The campaign used se ... more

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Supporting Humanitarian Communication: What Role Does a Dedicated ‘common Service’ Play in Community Engagement and Accountability? A Case Study from the Rohingya Response, Cox's Bazaar

Nicola Bailey, Sally Gowland, Nushrat Mehjabin, Fariha Rahman, Fuad Ur Rabbi

London: BBC Media Action (2021), 55 pp.

"Since October 2017, the Common Service for Community Engagement and Accountability (‘the Common Service’) has been funded as a dedicated project providing key services and support to help humanitarian organisations engage effectively with Rohingya communities and Bangladeshis living near Rohing ... more

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Research Handbook on International Migration and Digital Technology

Marie McAuliffe (ed.)

Edward Elgar Publishing (2021), 464 pp.

"Featuring international migration in all facets from the migration of tech sector specialists through to refugee displacement, leading contributors offer strategic insights into the future of migration and mobility. Covering diverse geographies and using interdisciplinary approaches, contributions ... more

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Ethnic Journalism in the Global South

Anna Gladkova Jamil, Sadia

Cham: Palgrave Macmillan (2021), xiii, 319 pp.

"This book focuses on ethnic journalism in the Global South, approaching it from two angles: as a professional area and as a social mission. The book discusses journalistic practices and ethnic media in the Global South, managerial and editorial strategies of ethnic media outlets, their content spec ... more

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Assessing the Effectiveness of Online Facebook Campaigns Targeting Potential Irregular Migrants: A Pilot Study in Three West African Countries

Esther Haarman, Jasper Tjaden, Gustavo López

Geneva: International Organization for Migration (IOM) (2020), 41 pp.

"Studies have shown that many irregular migrants embark on journeys without accurate or complete information about migration. In response, IOM and other organizations run information campaigns intended to inform potential migrants of the dangers associated with irregular migration and to facilitate ... informed decisions. The use of online and social media platforms for these campaigns has become increasingly popular in recent years, due to their potential for quickly reaching millions of people at low cost. While the evidence base for offline information campaigns has been gradually improving, it remains unclear how online communication campaigns affect potential migrants, and methodologies to do this remain underdeveloped. This report therefore presents results from a pilot impact assessment of an online campaign based on Facebook posts in Guinea, Nigeria and Senegal during September 2019 and February 2020 [.] Conclusion: Facebook ad campaigns can reach many people quickly. However, large audience sizes and relatively cheap costs come with a trade-off. The impact of an information campaign on potential migrants’ perceptions, attitudes, knowledge and behaviour remains largely unknown because many Facebook users that engage with the campaign do not fit the intended target group. The advantage of offline over online campaigns is that implementers have more control and information about who attends activities or who is exposed to campaign content. The engagement of users with campaign posts varies largely by audience and post characteristics. Campaign and social media teams are well advised to conduct pilot tests before scaling up activities. Pilot tests can inform a customized approach for each online activity on Facebook, and thereby maximize impact. In addition to A/B tests, lift tests may offer a useful opportunity to test the impact of Facebook posts. Compared to impact assessments of offline information campaigns, measuring the impact of Facebook ads on potential migrants presents several unique challenges, including: Many potential migrants are not on Facebook or do not use ad content to seek information about migration. Internet connectivity is also limited in many West African countries. While Facebook allows users to narrow down target groups, it is not clear whether those Facebook users that are exposed to the content fit the profile of potential migrants. Whether the intended target group is reached can be affirmed only through surveys, which have a low response rate; It is not possible to interview the same Facebook users several times to track changes in their perceptions. Engagement metrics like post reactions, link clicks or video plays can be useful indicators. However, these low-engagement metrics do not offer clear evidence of the short- or long-term effects on Facebook users." (Executive summary) more

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IOM Public Communication Campaign Toolkit
Key Guidance

Geneva: International Organization for Migration (IOM) (2020), 86 pp.

"IOM seeks to provide practical guidance on designing, delivering and evaluating effective communication campaigns relating to migration. The guidance covers different approaches, themes, programme areas and methods to improve relevance, audience participation and results. The aim is to identify and ... more

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The Sage Handbook of Media and Migration
Top Insights

Kevin Smets, Koen Leurs, Myria Georgiou, Saskia Witteborn, Radhika Gajjala (eds.)

Los Angeles et al.: Sage (2020), lxii, 638 pp.

"The SAGE Handbook of Media and Migration offers a comprehensive overview of media and migration through new research, as well as a review of present scholarship in this expanding and promising field. It explores key interdisciplinary concepts and methodologies, and how these are challenged by new r ... more

IOM Public Communication Campaign Toolkit Key Guidance

The Sage Handbook of Media and Migration Top Insights

IOM Public Communication Campaign Toolkit
Key Guidance

The Sage Handbook of Media and Migration
Top Insights