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Determinants of watchdog journalism: A global empirical approach
International Communication Gazette, volume 87, issue 3 (2025), pp. 191-216
"This article introduces and examines a hierarchical model of influences that identifies the variables affecting the watchdog role of journalists at three levels: the societal (press freedom and democracy), the organizational (media ownership), and the individual (editorial autonomy and perceived in
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Contemporary Contested Ethiopian Media Practice and Its Influence on Journalists’ Autonomy and Role
Journalism Practice, volume 19, issue 11 (2025), pp. 2549-2575
"This study explores contemporary journalists’ autonomy and role in the Ethiopian contested media practice by taking journalists working in Amhara Media Corporation (AMC). A qualitative research approach was used to collect data from journalists and admin staff. For triangulation, this study combi
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Mind the Gap! 18th fome Symposium 2024. A critical review of common practices and strategies in International Media Assistance
Deep Insights
Forum Medien und Entwicklung (fome) (2025), 35 pp.
"Critically examining the sectorʼs performance is a routine practice of the Forum Media and Development (fome), a network of 32 German and Swiss organisations, all active in the field of International Media Assistance (IMA). A fome working group identified four areas in which the gap between aspira
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Capturing News, Capturing Democracy: Trump and the Voice of America
New York: Oxford University Press (2024), viii, 294 pp.
"How did the Trump administration capture one of the world’s most important public service news networks? This book uses rare interviews and an analysis of private correspondence and internal documents to explain why and how Voice of America (VOA) became intensely politicized from 2020 to 2021. It
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The State of Innovation and Media Viability in East Africa: From Indepth Media House Surveys
Deep Insights
"The fact that about half of the news-producing media organizations categorise themselves as having insufficient newsroom resources as far as equipment, technology and training are concerned suggests that there is still need to look into equipping newsrooms technologically and continuing efforts to
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Determinants of Journalists' Autonomy and Safety: Evidence from the Worlds of Journalism Study
Journalism Practice, volume 16, issue 8 (2022), pp. 1715-1735
"The present study is an attempt to examine how objective structural political forces and subjective perception of political influences determine journalists' autonomy and safety. The evidence is based on responses representing journalists from 65 countries, which adds to the cross-cultural robustne
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The Politics of Impunity and the Shifting Media Landscape in Kenya
Athens Journal of Mass Media and Communications, volume 7, issue 1 (2021), pp. 61-78
"This article focuses on state-media relations and the shifts in the overall media landscape in Kenya. Drawing on a political economy approach to media operations in Kenya, it argues that while there are competing meanings over what constitutes "news values", "editorial independence", and "critical
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Soft Power, Hard News: How Journalists at State-Funded Transnational Media Legitimize Their Work
International Journal of Press/Politics, volume 25, issue 4 (2020), pp. 607-631
"How do journalists working for different state-funded international news organizations legitimize their relationship to the governments which support them? In what circumstances might such journalists resist the diplomatic strategies of their funding states? We address these questions through a com
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Professional Autonomy and Structural Influences: Exploring How Homicides, Perceived Insecurity, Aggressions Against Journalists, and Inequalities Affect Perceived Journalistic Autonomy in Colombia
International Journal of Communication, volume 14 (2020), pp. 3054-3075
"Journalistic autonomy has been studied more frequently in countries with secure democracies in terms of journalists’ perceptions of freedom and independence to work in the midst of the controls, pressures, and influences perceived in the newsrooms. Based on objective variables and on a national s
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Reporting Facts: Free from Fear or Favour
Paris: UNESCO (2020), 52 pp.
"In a growing number of countries around the world, the greatest menace to editorial independence and professional standards is media capture, a form of media control achieved through a series of premeditated steps taken by governments and powerful interest groups, which undermines journalism as a p
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Tendances mondiales en matière de liberté des d’expression et de développement des médias. Rapport mondial 2017/2018
Deep Insights
Paris: UNESCO (2018), 200 pp.
"Nous observons ainsi des mutations profondes dans le champ de la liberté de la presse, qui progresse sur plusieurs points, mais recule également dans certains autres. La liberté des médias est notamment limitée par de nombreuses restrictions légales sur le droit de communiquer des information
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Journalists in Russia
Worlds of Journalism Study (2017), 6 pp.
"With regard to professional role orientations, Russian journalists found it most important to report things as they are and to educate the audience. The relevance of these roles was fairly undisputed among the interviewed journalists as the relatively low standard deviations indicate. Likewise, the
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Job Autonomy: How Kenyan Newspeople Perceive their Journalistic Latitudes
African Journalism Studies, volume 38, issue 2 (2017), pp. 90-114
"National in scope, this survey of Kenyan journalists conducted in 2012–2013 (n = 504) examines job autonomy in news selection decisions, media freedom and predictors of journalistic autonomy. The research also investigates the relationship between Kenya’s media freedom and journalistic autonomy
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Journalists in Bulgaria
Worlds of Journalism Study (2017), 6 pp.
"With regards to professional role orientations, Bulgarian journalists found it most important to report things as they are, to educate the audience, to provide analysis of current affairs, to be a detached observer, and to let people express their views (see Table 1). It is notable that a very high
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Journalists in Chile
Worlds of Journalism Study (2017), 6 pp.
"With regards to professional role orientations, Chilean journalists found it most important to report things as they are and to provide analysis of current affairs. The relevance of these “classic” roles was fairly undisputed among the interviewed journalists as the relatively low standard devi
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Journalists in Cyprus
Worlds of Journalism Study (2017), 5 pp.
"With regards to professional role orientations, Cypriot journalists found it most important to report things as they are, to provide analysis of current affairs, and, to a lesser extent, to be a detached observer (see Table 1). The relevance of these “classic” roles was fairly undisputed among
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Journalists in Oman
Worlds of Journalism Study (2017), 6 pp.
"Regarding professional role orientations, journalists in Oman found it most important to be detached observers, to advocate for social change, to support national development, to provide analysis of current affairs, to provide the kind of news that attracts the largest audience, to influence public
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Journalists in Brazil
Worlds of Journalism Study (2017), 6 pp.
"With regards to professional role orientations, Brazilian journalists found it most important to report things as they are, to promote tolerance and cultural diversity, to be a detached observer, to let people express their views, and to provide analysis of current affairs (see Table 1). These resu
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Journalists in Malawi
Worlds of Journalism Study (2017), 7 pp.
"Malawian journalists are ambivalent in their roles. They perceive themselves as faithful reporters and objective analysts of current affairs, who not only help their audiences make informed decisions, but also give voice to the people (see Table 1). They also perceive themselves as monitors and scr
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Journalists in Tanzania
Worlds of Journalism Study (2017), 6 pp.
"The top six roles, all with means above 4.3 and standard deviations below 1, for Tanzanian journalists, were a mix of those aligned with a liberal press (e.g. promote tolerance and cultural diversity) and those relevant to development journalism (e.g. support national development). “Provide the k
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