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Ethiopians support free media holding government accountable

Mulu Teka, Daniel Iberi

Afrobarometer (2024), 11 pp.

"A large majority (71%) of Ethiopians "agree" or "strongly agree" that the media should "constantly investigate and report on government mistakes and corruption." About six in 10 citizens (59%) endorse the principle that the media "should have the right to publish any views and ideas without governm ... more

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GeoPoll Media Viewership Survey: Afghanistan

GeoPoll (2024), 24 slides

"Media Audience Universe Estimates: 67% of the adult Afghan population watches TV at least once a month, 38% listen to the radio." (Slide 9) "Internet Access and Use: 60% of Afghans on average access the internet on an average day, 28% Watch TV or videos online/on mobile on an average day, 61% Use ... more

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Emaswati support media’s watchdog role, insist on media freedom

Asafika Mpako, Stephen Ndoma

Afrobarometer (2024), 12 pp.

"According to the most recent Afrobarometer survey, in late 2022, Emaswati broadly agree that the media should act as a watchdog over the government, exposing government missteps and wrongdoing. Citizens value media freedom and reject the notion that public information should be the exclusive preser ... more

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South Africans support media’s independence and watchdog role

Asafika Mpako, Stephen Ndoma

Afrobarometer (2024), 11 pp.

"Findings from the most recent Afrobarometer survey, in late 2022, show that most South Africans say the media should act as a watchdog over the government, constantly investigating and reporting on government mistakes and corruption. Citizens value media freedom and reject the notion that the gover ... more

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Namibians head for elections with confidence in the freedom of their press

Asafika Mpako, Stephen Ndoma

Afrobarometer (2024), 8 pp.

"According to the most recent Afrobarometer survey, Namibians value media freedom and broadly agree that the media should act as a watchdog over the government, constantly investigating and reporting on government mistakes and corruption. A majority say media freedom does exist in practice in their ... more

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Seychellois support media freedom, endorse access to information held by government

Daniel Iberi

Afrobarometer (2024), 10 pp.

"What are Seychelles citizens’ perceptions of their media? Findings from the most recent Afrobarometer survey, conducted in late 2022, show that a majority of Seychellois support the media’s role as a watchdog over the government. Most citizens say the public should have access to information he ... more

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Who’s engaged, who’s excluded? Ugandan citizens’ opinions and experiences on media engagement and citizen participation

Kampala: Twaweza East Africa (2024), 16 pp.

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Batswana insist on media freedom, favour citizens’ right to government information

Asafika Mpako, Stephen Ndoma

Afrobarometer (2024), 12 pp.

"About three-quarters (76%) of Batswana say the media should "constantly investigate and report on government mistakes and corruption." A similar share (77%) insist on media freedom, while 20% say the government should have the right to prevent the publication of things it disapproves of. In particu ... more

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Freedom of expression and media consumption research in Armenia

Shushan Ghahriyan, Gayane Harutyunyan, Liana Poghosyan

Yerevan: Prisma; Internews; USAID (2024), 60 pp.

"The research reveals that traditional television channels and online news websites continue to be the most popular sources of general media consumption, with 80 percent and 73 percent of respondents using them, respectively. Despite minor variations, media consumption habits have remained stable be ... more

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Einblicke in eine neue Mediennutzungstypologie: Medien und Lebenswelten als strategisches Instrument: Die Digital Media Types

Annika Mollenkopf, Sylvia Feuerstein, Matthias Eckert, Marlene Handel, Victoria Winkler

Media Perspektiven, issue 4 (2024), 11 pp.

"Mit den Digital Media Types wurde die MedienNutzerTypologie für die digitale Welt weiterentwickelt. Sie bilden verschiedene Lebensstile und -welten ab, die Einfluss auf die Mediennutzung haben. Programmentwickler können sie als strategisches Instrument einsetzen, um spezifische Interessen und Bed ... more

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Beyond the newsroom: Cambodia's media from an audience perspective. An audience study

Emilie Lehmann-Jacobsen (ed.)

International Media Support (IMS) (2024), 19 pp.

"This report presents the findings from a qualitative audience study conducted in Cambodia from December 2023 to February 2024. The study was commissioned by the international media development organisation IMS, International Media Support, and supported by the European Union. The study aimed to ass ... more

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Measuring Exposure and Attention to Media and Communication: Solutions to Wicked Problems

Peter Neijens, Theo Araujo, Judith Möller, Claes de Vreese

Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press (2024), 164 pp.

"Valid and reliable measurement of media and communication exposure is crucial for communication science, psychology, political science, sociology, pedagogy, economics, and law, and the practitioners in media, communication, and information. At the same time, this is a wicked problem for which there ... more

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Media Mapping on Educational Content Production and Dissemination in Afghanistan

Aida Sahraoui Soler et al.

Paris: UNESCO (2024), 16 pp.

"Within the complex media and educational landscape of Afghanistan, characterized by the takeover by the de facto authorities, a study of the current Media-Based education was facilitated by the Afghanistan Independent Journalists Union (AIJU) and Integrity Watch Afghanistan (IWA) with the support o ... more

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Challenges and choices: Afghan women's media use and preferences amidst restrictions

London: BBC Media Action (2024), 2 pp.

"While most adult Afghans have access to some form of media platform, only around one in three have access to internet, with less than half of mobile users owning a smartphone. Men exhibit higher usage of radio and internet compared to women (52% male vs 43% female for radio and 36% vs 29% for inter ... more

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Women and the media in Afghanistan: How to support female media workers in a challenging landscape

Catharine Buckell, Mahdi Zaki, Shukrana Azizi Suzanne Devai

London: BBC Media Action (2024), 50 pp.

"Women in Afghanistan continue to have less access to information than men, particularly through TV and the internet. At least 33% of women (more in rural areas) rely on family as a key source of information, while men prioritise other information sources. Yet Afghan women’s information needs have ... never been more pronounced – due to restrictions on their activities, many are confined to their homes. Women in Afghanistan with media access rely on this more than ever to keep updated on issues that concern them, and spend more time accessing and using media: "Now women are in the confines of their homes… The virtual space is the only window for us to learn about what is happening." (Female FGD participant, Herat). Two-thirds (65%) of female survey respondents say that the media is “very important” in their daily lives, compared with half (51%) of male respondents. Despite various efforts to cater to female audiences, 67% of female and male respondents feel that Afghan media only “somewhat” or “rarely” meets women’s needs. Reflecting restrictions on media content, respondents complain that domestic media contains too much religious content and not enough entertainment. However, educational content is still allowed, providing women and girls who are denied access to schooling with a vital source of education. Respondents are more satisfied with the balance of content in international media and media run by Afghans in exile, and they are more likely to watch some types of entertainment, such as movies, on international than domestic TV. However, a number of international media outlets are inaccessible from Afghanistan. Journalists inside Afghanistan are banned from working with international TV/radio channels or news sites, and some have been arrested for doing so. 87% of respondents say the presence of women in the media in Afghanistan has decreased since August 2021. Only 41% could name a female presenter or journalist. Almost all of those named by respondents worked in the media before 2021, or currently work from outside Afghanistan. Audience members support women featuring in news and educational programmes but are less supportive of them featuring in comedy and sports content. Over half (54%) of the general survey respondents say they would support a female relative to work as a journalist. A further 12% would support a female relative under certain conditions, including wearing the hijab and travelling with a mahram (women cannot leave their home without a male chaperone)." (Executive summary, page 6) more

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Media Analytics: Understanding Media, Audiences, and Consumers in the 21st Century

C. Ann Hollifield, Amy Jo Coffey

New York; London: Routledge (2023), xxi, 416 pp.

"This textbook takes a case study approach to media and audience analytics. Realizing the best way to understand analytics in the digital age is to practice it, the authors have created a collection of cases using data sets that present real and hypothetical scenarios for students to work through. M ... more

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Mis- and Disinformation: Media Perception and Consumption of Fake News in Lebanon

Nidal Ayoub

Metn: Samir Kassir Foundation (2023), 20 pp.

"Participants in the study take a snapshot of a variety of news channels and social media platforms to get their news, evaluating their truthfulness and attempting to “figure out the truth.” Across different focus groups, there is a shared lack of trust in news channels, and no media outlet is p ... more

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Solomon Islands: Understanding Audience Needs, Values, and the Role of Media and Communication

Sao Vichheka, Keo Rancha, Sally Gowland et al.

London: BBC Media Action (2023), 12 pp.

"The vast majority (87%) of survey respondents said they receive information indirectly or through word of mouth. This is higher than respondents’ reported use of any formal media platforms such as radio, internet, newspapers, or TV. This trend is also evident in which sources people rely on for i ... more

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PNG Citizen Media Engagement Report 2023

Media Development Initiative (MDI); ABC International Development (2023), 59 pp.

"Traditional media, specifically, radio, newspaper, and television, are the key sources of information, followed by social media. Social media is a source of information for significantly more youths (aged 18 to 30 years), citizens living in urban areas, or in the Southern region, trending towards f ... urther growth in the future. Even so, radio and newspapers remain the top two information sources across all segments surveyed regardless of gender, age group, region, and density (urban/rural). Trust in information sources has generally declined since 2019, however citizens trust the sources of information they are using and while traditional and social media feature as key information sources, a range of other trustworthy sources of information were identified. In fact, the Church was rated the most trustworthy source of information amongst all demographics surveyed, reinforcing the role of religion in Papua New Guinean communities today, with traditional media following as the next most trusted sources of information. In the FGDs, youth shared stories about misleading information on social media and the internet, and perceived influence and bribery impacting the quality of some stories in traditional media. With 91% of internet users having seen misinformation or disinformation at least occasionally across online platforms, online sources are considered some of the least trustworthy sources of information [...] Mobile phones are the most accessible digital devices in Papua New Guinea, with 79% of citizens using them daily and a further 12% using them a few times a week. Frequency of mobile phone usage increases with educational attainment and is higher amongst those living in urban locations. Rising accessibility of smartphones is also widening the reach of internet and social media services, which continue to be accessed primarily through smartphones. Importantly, 60% of Papua New Guineans use the internet or social media even if only occassionally; usage is higher in urban locations, and the Southern and Momase regions, but declines with age. Half of all citizens use the internet or social media weekly and usage is more frequent with higher educational attainment, but lower for PWD. Using social media is the most popular internet activity, however obtaining information, accessing news, and for entertainment purposes are also popular. Engagement with social media declines with age, while use of internet banking or transferring money increases with age. Facebook is the most popular social media platform with 94% using it weekly, followed closely by WhatsApp at 84%. TikTok, Instagram, and Viber are relatively more popular amongst youths. PWD have the highest variety of social media platforms used weekly of any group and are more likely to use TikTok. Overall, quality of internet services is considered just OK considering affordability, speed, and reliability. Snapshot of Vulnerable Groups: This study examined media coverage, inclusivity, and issue-related measures for four (4) particular groups in society: youth, people with disability (PWD), women, and people living in rural and remote areas. Youth, women and rural citizen issues are being covered, but even so, people would like to see more coverage. There is a lot of room for improvement on PWD coverage. There is a general theme that the media is encouraged to tell stories about these groups, and that these stories should come from these people directly. There is a sense that discussions and stories around youth, PWD, women, and those in rural and remote areas are often sourced from those who are not in these categories. ‘Talk to them, not about them’ would be a good mantra to drive media inclusivity." (Executive summary, pages 5-6) more

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Argentina: Funding Journalism

Guillermo Mastrini, Carla Belén Repetto, Agustín Espada

Media and Journalism Research Center (MJRC) (2023), 38 pp.