"Anhand von 13 Leitfragen führt dieses Open-Access-Lehrbuch in die Medienökonomie ein und stellt wesentliche Konzepte und Perspektiven vor. In den Antworten werden die in den Fragen aufgeworfenen Phänomene und Problemstellungen kontextualisiert und die jeweils involvierten Akteure, Theorien und E
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rklärungen vorgestellt. Die Orientierung an Problemfeldern und Beispielen erleichtert den Zugang zu den zugrunde liegenden theoretischen Konzepten und macht die Medienökonomie als Teilbereich der Publizistik- und Kommunikationswissenschaft greifbar." (Verlagsbeschreibung)
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"During the survey period of 2019-2021, the Indian media economy grew by 21% to reach gross revenues of $US 66.52bn (excluding publishing). The overall pattern of growth was unevenly distributed across four component divisions: telecoms and internet infrastructure with growth of 23% (2021 revenues o
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f US$ 49.22bn), core internet services (including online advertising) with growth of 122% (2021 revenues of US$ 3.38bn), audiovisual media content (traditional and online) with growth of 22.5% (2021 revenues of US$ 12.38bn), and newspapers, with a 32% decline in revenues (2021 revenues of US$ 1.54bn for the ten leading firms). Within each of these divisions, there are disparities in revenue growth across sub-sectors, trending in favour of mobile digital formats. One consequence of these developments is a marked increase in the concentration of media infrastructure and distribution businesses, and another is an increase of crossownership across previously distinct areas of media content. Trends towards monopoly and complex interactions between national and international interests in the media economy are mapped out in this report across different levels of the media stack. The survey period of this particular report also serves to illustrate the significant challenges faced across the Indian media economy during the height of the global COVID-19 pandemic. Capturing both this period of crisis and underlying trends in the transformation of the media economy in India, this report also seeks to begin addressing the lack of systematic data driven accounts of developments in Indian media markets." (Executive summary)
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"Broadly speaking, the Chinese media and internet economy experienced considerable growth from $524.17 billion in 2019 to $652.11 billion in 2021, despite the inhibiting impact of the COVID pandemic on growth in many sectors of the global economy. The Chinese media and internet economy— estimated
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at $652 billion in 2021 based on our assessment across 25 sectors—is now the second largest in the world. $1,288.4 billion in 2021, the largest in the world. Across the various sectors, market concentration tends to be more extreme in “telecoms & internet access sectors” (e.g. wireline and wireless) and “core internet applications” (e.g. search engines, mobile OS and desktop OS) than “online and traditional media services (content media)” sectors. While state media enterprises dominate “telecoms & internet access services” and “online and traditional media services (content media)” sectors, private Chinese firms are market leaders in many “core internet applications” except for mobile/desktop operating systems and mobile/desktop browsers sectors, where foreign players—Google, Apple, and Microsoft—have a stronghold." (Executive summary)
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"The analysis in this report relies on a detailed and comprehensive analysis across 22 distinct markets within three broad sets of industries: (a) Telecommunications and internet access, (b) Online and traditional media services, and (c) Core internet sectors. Through this structured approach, the r
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eport aims to provide a nuanced understanding of the evolving trends within Mexico's communication system and to address a simple yet profoundly important question: are the media—individually and collectively— becoming more or less concentrated? The data presented in this report reveal a pervasive trend of high concentration across nearly all sectors under examination. The majority of sectors demonstrated a high degree of concentration according to the Hirschman Herfindahl Index (HHI), with the Pay TV market recording a substantial HHI of 4444 points, and the Free-to-Air TV market following closely with 3522 points. To be sure, a few sectors bucked such trends, with radio, fixed telephony and internet access markets, for example, all registering HHI scores in the moderate range of the scale, as reported by the Federal Telecommunications Institute (IFT)." (Executive summary, page 1)
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"Turkey’s network media economy witnessed substantial growth between 2019 and 2021, especially in the wireless, digital music, digital games, and internet advertising sectors. All told, revenue increased sharply over this period from TRY 65.7 billion to TRY 95.1 billion. This, in turn, was nearly
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a five-fold increase from 2011, when a previous iteration of this study put total revenue across the media economy at TRY 20.4 billion. At the same time, however, traditional content media such as broadcast radio and television, newspapers, magazines, and books experienced minimal growth. The growth in digital content media is the outcome of a number of factors, including but not limited to the increase in mobile device ownership and internet access as well as the shift towards consumption of online information and entertainment. In telecoms and internet access services, Turk Telekom, Turkcell, and Vodafone consolidated their dominance across wireline, wireless, and ISP sectors due to the wellknown forces that drive high levels of concentration within each of these industries—extremely high fixed costs of investment, economies of scale and scope, and network effects—as well as the absence of cross-ownership restrictions. In broadcast television and newspaper sectors, Kalyon and Demiroren, two major conglomerates known for their close ties with the AKP government, wield significant influence. In broadcast television, state-owned TRT maintained its status as one of the key players. Foreign companies secured substantial market shares in various sectors, such as Vodafone in wireline, wireless, and ISP sectors; beIN Media in multichannel video distribution, and CJ Group, UIP, and Warner Bros. in film exhibition. Tech giants Alphabet, Meta and Microsoft dominated core internet sectors." (Conclusion, pages 50-51)
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"Between 2019 and 2021, the combined income of all the sectors studied increased by 44%. The sector with the most significant percentage growth is internet advertising, impacting other traditional media industries (newspapers, radio, and television) which have experienced a decrease in relative mark
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et share. Within the telecommunications sector, notable increases in income from ISPs, stable revenue for mobile telephony, and a decline in revenue from fixed telephony and the multichannel video distribution (MCVD) are observed. Overall, high levels of concentration exist in the media, telecommunications, and internet industries. The internet applications sector shows the highest concentration according to the CR4 indicator, followed by telecommunications, and then the media and cultural industries. When considering the HHI indicator, online news and the written press exhibit lower levels of concentration. Television demonstrates moderate yet important concentration. Compared to Argentina and Brazil, Chile has a higher number of broadcast TV channels competing for audience interest. Conversely, certain internet services showcase very high HHI values, hinting at near-monopoly situations. Over the three years under review, there is relative stability aside from declines in audiovisual streaming services. Netflix, initially facing challenges in Latin America, is now encountering heightened competition." (Executive summa[internal remarks]
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"[...] a roundtable on media sustainability was organised in collaboration with several stakeholders in the sector, to propose concrete policy recommendations to ensure the sustainability of media organisations. The roundtable brought together local media representatives, media development organisat
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ions, academics and donor representatives to discuss ways to improve the enabling environment for media sustainability in Tunisia. Discussions focused on topics such as viable business models for independent media, professional ethics and self-regulation, press freedom and the role of big technology. During the roundtables, five key recommendations were made to improve the media industry. The first recommendation is to structure the media market by collecting data, reforming public policies, regulating economically and rebuilding trust with the public. The second recommendation is to structure the advertising market by better measuring the audience, reassessing the advertising value chain, reconsidering the relationship between media and advertisers and reusing public advertising as the first lever. The third recommendation is to support digital transformation by helping existing media to digitally transform and platform, as well as by supporting the implementation of technological infrastructures. The fourth recommendation is to align donor funding with local issues to ensure that the media support the interests of their local community. Finally, the fifth recommendation is to increase skills on economic and managerial issues, in particular to media management and the challenge of existing business models." (Executive summary)
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"Sin lugar a dudas, el ecosistema mediático colombiano se ha transformado durantelos últimos años. Por un lado, los medios tradicionales (prensa, radio y televisión), aunque aún relevantes, no tienen la misma preponderancia de antes. Por otro lado, los nuevos medios y plataformas no solo se han
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abierto espacio, sino que también sehan consolidado. En consecuencia, el país ahora cuenta con una oferta mediáticamucho más amplia y diversa que antes. Así mismo, las audiencias han cambiado. Sus hábitos de consumo, además deformas, intereses y prioridades, ya no son las mismas. Como era de esperarse, esto hatenido un impacto en lo económico. Mientras los medios tradicionales han visto unareducción en sus ingresos y han tenido que ponerse al día con los tiempos para frenaro mitigar el desplome, los nuevos medios y plataformas han tenido que recurrir a lacreatividad para financiarse. De cualquier forma, al igual que ocurre en otros países, la pauta publicitaria continúasiendo una fuente importante de ingresos para los medios de comunicación, a pesarde que muchos de estos recursos hayan migrado a las plataformas digitales (este esel mercado de mayor crecimiento e interés para los anunciantes). No obstante, de acuerdo con las cifras, la televisión sigue llevándose la mayor tajada, seguido por elInternet, la radio y los periódicos." (Conclusiones, página 31)
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"Entertainment and media (E&M) revenue across South Africa, Nigeria and Kenya grew strongly in 2021 as all three markets, like the rest of the world, recovered from the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. Industries that were more severely impacted in 2020, such as live music and B2B trade shows, made
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strong comebacks and sectors such as video games and OTT video rose to new heights after thriving under lockdown conditions [...] Internet access is the largest E&M segment in South Africa, more than three times the size of the traditional TV and home video segment. Over the next five years, this hierarchy is set to change, with Internet advertising expected to overtake traditional TV and home video in 2026 ..." (Key report findings, page 6)
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"The CANnual Report 2022 follows a slightly different editorial concept than before. Since 2016, the publication featured one central topic which all creative agencies wrote about. This year however, weCAN experts write about twelve of the hottest topics in communication across the region. Five of t
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he most influential consumer trends are also featured in the country chapters along with the articles about TikTok, e-commerce, Gen Z – and the war-torn Ukrainian market." (wecan.net)
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"This Binding Constraints Analysis is part of the process of building a business case for private sector investment and public sector support for the media in Sierra Leone. Informed by the findings of the State of the Media report, this analysis is aimed at presenting an overview of the risks, chall
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enges, opportunities and benefits of investing in the media in Sierra Leone. The analysis is expected to serve as the main discussion paper for the National Media Viability and Investment Forum." (Introduction, page 1)
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"This paper explores the instances and circumstances under which the media community in Kenya has closely worked with the government to introduce media reforms though new legislation and related policies. It focuses on changes that have been enacted over the last decade and, in particular, those aim
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ed at responding to challenges related to media viability. The study also explores media-exclusive initiatives that have indirectly influenced policy on the media market." (Introduction, page 2)
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