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Online Violence Against Women Journalists: A Global Snapshot of Incidence and Impacts
Deep Insights

Julie Posetti, Nemine Aboulez, Kalina Bontcheva, Jackie Harrison, Silvio Waisbord

Paris: UNESCO (2020), 17 pp.

"This report presents a snapshot of the first substantial findings from a global survey about online violence against women journalists conducted by UNESCO and the International Center for Journalists (ICFJ) in late 2020. Over 900 validated participants from 125 countries completed the survey in Ara ... more

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The relationship between social media addiction and depression: A quantitative study among university students in Khost, Afghanistan

Rahmatullah Haand, Zhao Shuwang

International Journal of Adolescence and Youth, volume 22, issue 1 (2020), pp. 780–786

"This study examined the relationship between social media addiction and depression among students of the universities in Khost province of Afghanistan. Stratified random sampling was used and a 46-items self-administered questionnaire was distributed to 384 students of three universities Shaikh Zay ... more

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Comunicación en tiempos del COVID-19

Instituto para el Desarrollo Rural de Sudamérica (IPDRS); Acción Cultural Loyola (ACLO) (2020), 15 pp.

"En el caso de la población rural, prácticamente 70 % percibe que no tiene suficiente información, en el caso de la población urbana este porcentaje es menor a 50 %. Confrontando esta información con los medios y la disponibilidad, la explicación más razonable es que no se trata necesariament ... more

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The lesser evil? Public opinion towards regulating fake news in three Asian countries

John W. Cheng, Hitoshi Mitomo, Youngkyoung Seo, Artima Kamplean

Paper presented at ITS Online Event, 14-17 June 2020, International Telecommunications Society (ITS) (2020), 15 pp.

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Bolivia, COVID-19: Cómo pasamos la pandemia y qué nos depara el futuro

Instituto para el Desarrollo Rural de Sudamérica (IPDRS); Acción Cultural Loyola (ACLO) (2020), 42 pp.

"En el área rural, se ratifica la predominancia de la radio sobre los otros medios (59% escucha siempre o casi siempre), seguido muy de cerca de la televisión (56% mira televisión) y luego los medios digitales, el Facebook (41% se conecta) es más reconocido como un medio de información que el W ... hatsApp (36% utiliza la aplicación). En el área urbana predomina de lejos la televisión (70% siempre o casi siempre), seguida por el Facebook (60%), el WhatsApp (47%) y la Radio (33%). Un dato importante, es que los que no utilizan nunca los medios digitales en el área rural están aproximadamente entre el 33%; la radio y televisión, alrededor del 17%. En el área urbana quienes no utilizan la radio son un 20%, y la televisión, un 5%, y el promedio entre los que no utilizan Facebook ni WhatsApp es de 13% [...] Los medios por los que se informa del COVID-19, son más diversos y con características muy particulares por sector y por región. En general, la tendencia de los medios de comunicación es similar a los medios que se utilizan normalmente, aunque aquí hay una mayor predominancia de la televisión (26%), seguida por la radio (21%) y luego el Facebook (19%). Sin embargo, existen otros agentes que sumados hacen un 24%, esos son amigos / vecinos / familiares (7%), otros varios, entre ellos políticos: ONG (7%), dirigentes de organizaciones sociales (6%) y finalmente promotores de salud (4%). En algunos departamentos, estos otros medios, llegan o pasan del 20%, como es el caso de Cochabamba, Pando, Chuquisaca y el Beni. Aquí se ve más nítidamente la importancia de la radio y televisión, es creciente de acuerdo a los grupos de edad, los mayores la utilizan con mayor preferencia que los medios virtuales. Este grupo también se informa del COVID-19 en un significativo 30% por esos otros medios que se indicaron como son los amigos / vecinos / familiares, dirigentes de organizaciones sociales y finalmente promotores de salud [...] En general, la televisión es considerada el medio más confiabilidad (28%), la radio se mantiene cercana (24%), en cambio bajan los medios digitales como Facebook (15%), y WhatsApp (8%) se disputa la confiabilidad con los amigos / vecinos / familiares (7%), promotores de salud (7%), dirigentes de organizaciones sociales (6%) y finalmente las ONG (5%). Bajo ese criterio los políticos no lograron ni un punto porcentual. Existen nuevamente diferencias entre el área rural y urbana; en el área rural la confiabilidad se la lleva la radio con un 29% contra un 17% en el área urbana. En cambio, en el área urbana la televisión recibió un puntaje de confiabilidad del 33% de la población contra un 24% a la radio. El Facebook recibió una calificación de 20% en el área urbana y de 11% en el área rural." (Página 6-7) more

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Myanmar Media's Response to COVID-19

Thal Nyein Thu, Jane Madlyn McElhone, Tessa Piper (eds.)

New York: Media Development Investment Fund (MDIF) (2020), 41 pp.

"In June 2020, MDIF conducted a survey of 36 Myanmar media outlets to gather information about the impact of COVID-19 on their businesses between March and May. They represent a mix of national media, as well as local media from the ethnic states and regions. Their operations are of various sizes: t ... hree media have 70-150 staff, 7 have 20-69, and 26 have 1-19. All the media surveyed felt the impact of COVID-19 almost immediately. Not surprisingly, as this has generally been the experience of media worldwide, commercial revenue decline was often dramatic: half of the survey respondents reported more than a 75% drop in income. Thirty-two of the 36 respondents had advertising revenue prior to the start of the pandemic, and all of them reported that it was negatively affected. All 19 media with print products were obliged to either reduce or even halt production. In response to collapsing revenues, 31 of the 36 survey respondents instituted spending cuts between March and May including, in some cases, cutting salaries and staff. Even as they reeled from the economic impact, Myanmar media also had to adapt their working environments. All the media surveyed quickly instituted work from home practices or else established social distancing in their offices and provided protective equipment for their staff. At the same time, more than half of the media reported having to contend with safety and security challenges. These came in the form of restrictions on movement, websites being blocked, on and offline surveillance, staff harassment and arrests. In common with media in other countries, one bright spot in this bleak picture has been audience growth. MDIF’s survey found that almost all media saw both their digital audiences, and audience engagement, increase. This had a positive knock-on effect for the media, with 30 respondents reporting that during this period they were able to strengthen their digital skills and knowledge due to the increased focus on their online content. The good news that 21 of the 31 respondents that sought emergency funding during the survey period obtained it, is tempered by the reality that the impact of COVID-19 has been deep and will be long lasting. The future for media in Myanmar is precarious." (Introduction) more

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Jugend 2019: Eine Generation meldet sich zu Wort

Bonn: Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung (bpb), Sonderausg. (2020), 383 pp.

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Media Accountability and Journalists: To Whom Do Spanish Professionals Feel Responsible?

María-Ángeles Chaparro-Domínguez, Juan-Carlos Suárez-Villegas, Ruth Rodríguez-Martínez

Journalism Practice, volume 14, issue 7 (2020), pp. 812-829

"This paper analyses to whom Spanish journalists feel responsible. To achieve this objective, we sent out a survey to Spanish journalists to ascertain their opinion on this question. The journalists’ point of view was then compared with that of the general public though six focus groups consisting ... more

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Training Needs Assessment for Namibian Journalists

Christiaan Keulder, Herman Wasserman

Namibia Media Trust (2020), 34 pp.

"1. The survey indicated no significant differences between what journalists and managers considered important skills. Respondents from both groups indicated that formal journalism training was not adequate to the demands of the contemporary, digitized workplace. Training in digital skills can there ... fore be considered a priority area. 2. Further findings however indicated a continued strong emphasis on core journalistic skills such as the ability to exercise journalistic editorial judgement, contextualise stories in ways that make sense to audiences within their contexts and practicing ethical journalism . This finding suggests that future training should not focus exclusively on practical, digital skills but also provide opportunities for journalists to deepen their core skills. This was to a large extent supported by data from the focus groups, where media managers and consumers suggested a combination of new multimedia practical skills with more established journalistic values, especially given the rise of misinformation, which gives journalists the opportunity to set themselves apart from unverified content on the internet. 3. Responses did not suggest a strong need for specialized training in ‘beat’ journalism such as financial journalism. This could be explained by the fact that media convergence across platforms continues apace and the need for general digital skills was seen as more pressing, or that media institutions are under severe financial pressure with dwindling resources, which does not allow for a significant investment in highly specialized reporters. 4. There is a strong need to find alternative sources of revenue for an industry under pressure. The respondents suggested that such sources may take the form of outsourcing certain skills to media consumers, collaborating with consumers or pooling journalistic resources. There might therefore be an increasing need for training that could equip journalists with entrepreneurial, marketing and branding skills. 5. Managerial skills is an important aspect to consider for upskilling journalists entering management. A mentoring scheme could be considered to fulfil this need. 6. Given time and cost considerations, there is scope for experimenting with training formats that do not require full-time attendance, so that journalists can balance training with their work obligations. This could take the form of evening classes, online classes or weekend sessions. 7. Internships for media students could provide practical, on-the-job training at relatively low cost and would fill the need identified by media and journalism students to complement their theoretical curriculum with more practical skills training." (Recommendations) more

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Online surveillance and the repressive Press Council Bill 2018. A two-pronged approach to media self-censorship in Nigeria

Olunifesi Adekunle Suraj

In: Journalist Safety and Self-Censorship

Ingrid Fadnes, Anna Grøndahl Larsen, Roy Krøvel (eds.)

London; New York: Routledge (2020), pp. 80-99

"This chapter examines the perceptions of Nigerian journalists towards the Nigerian Press Council Bill 2018 and the governments’ online surveillance. The study employs survey and interview methods: 217 Nigerian media practitioners selected from print and online media responded to the questionnaire ... more

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Report: The Perception of COVID-19 Communication in West Africa (non-Sahel)

Abuja: UNESCO (2020), 25 pp.

"According to the respondents (522 respondents), people pay most attention to "prevention methods from COVID-19" (3.82 out of the full score 5). On the contrary, the respondents pay relatively less attention to "Pandemic Statistics (local, national, and international)" (3.55 out of the full score 5) ... more

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Few Winners, Many Losers: The COVID-19 Pandemic’s Dramatic and Unequal Impact on Independent News Media

Rasmus Kleis Nielsen, Federica Cherubini, Simge Andi

Oxford: Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism (2020), 31 pp.

"This report presents findings from an analysis of 165 responses to a survey of a strategic sample of known and identified independent news media organisations on how the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted them, combined with interviews with a critical sample of seven independent news media operating in ... more

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Journalism and the Pandemic: A Global Snapshot of Impacts

Julie Posetti, Emily Bell, Pete Brown

International Center for Journalists (ICFJ); Tow Center for Digital Journalism at Columbia University (2020), 30 pp.

"Our report demonstrates that journalists are working in a severely pressured financial, physical and psychological environment during the pandemic. This will be the most enduringly difficult professional period many have experienced during their careers. There is the added complication of an inform ... more

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Analyzing Journalist Perceptions of Democracy and State Corruption: The Case of Iraq

Haitham Numan

Arab Media & Society, issue 29 (2020), pp. 1-22

"The paper argues that journalists' perceptions of their role in challenging corruption and developing democracy will give us some insight into Iraq's "crisis of democracy". The theory of democratic participation focuses on the centrality of media and communication institutions, founded on the princ ... more

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Could Combat Stress Affect Journalists’ News Reporting? A Psychophysiological Response

José Francisco Tornero-Aguilera, José Juan Robles-Pérez, Vicente Javier Clemente-Suárez

Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback, volume 45, issue 4 (2020), pp. 231-239

"Covering war conflicts may compromise the psychological and physical health of journalists because chronic exposure to these environments has been related to depression, memory dissociative processes, and post-traumatic stress disorder; however, acute effects have not been studied yet. Thus, a comb ... more

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Who is the censor? Self-censorship of Russian journalists in professional routines and social networking

Svetlana S- Bodrunova, Anna Litvinenko, Kamilla Nigmatullina

Journalism, volume 22, issue 12 (2020), pp. 2919–2937

"Today’s communicative environment, including the rise of social media, makes journalists perform publicly as both professionals and private citizens. In these circumstances, practices of self-limitation and self-censorship may extend to online behaviour. In this article, we analyse what makes jou ... more

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The Effect of Covid-19 on Education in Africa and its Implications for the Use of Technology: A Survey of the Experience and Opinions of Educators and Technology Specialists

eLearning Africa; EdTechHub; UK Aid (2020), 68 pp.

"This report, and the survey findings behind it, provides a unique insight into the perspectives of EdTech experts regarding the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on education in Africa. It is based on the findings of a survey of the eLearning Africa network, which attracted approximately 1650 respons ... more

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Myanmar Media's Response to COVID-19: A Media Development Investment Fund (MDIF) Survey

Media Development Investment Fund (MDIF) (2020), 39 pp.

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Sifting truth from lies in the age of fake news

Ramsha Jahangir et al.

Digital Rights Foundation (DRF) (2020), 60 pp.

"The study's findings, based on survey responses and interviews, point towards the poor quality of fact-checking practices in Pakistani newsrooms and stress the urgent need of introducing media literacy trainings to journalists and media practitioners." (Executive summary)

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Vertrauen in Journalismus unter Online-Bedingungen: Zum Einfluss von Personenmerkmalen, Qualitätswahrnehmungen und Nachrichtennutzung

Fabian Prochazka

Wiesbaden: Springer VS (2020), xvi, 340 pp.

"In Teilen der Bevölkerung erodiert das Vertrauen in journalistische Medien. Gleichzeitig verliert der Journalismus seine Rolle als Gatekeeper und tritt in Konkurrenz zu anderen Informationsanbietern im Internet. Fabian Prochazka untersucht theoretisch und empirisch, wie diese beiden Phänomene zus ... more

Online Violence Against Women Journalists: A Global Snapshot of Incidence and Impacts Deep Insights

Online Violence Against Women Journalists: A Global Snapshot of Incidence and Impacts
Deep Insights