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Survey on the impact of online disinformation and hate speech
Deep Insights

Paris: UNESCO; Ipsos (2023), 35 slides

"On average in the 16 countries surveyed, 56% of internet users frequently use social media to stay informed about current events, far ahead of television (44%). However, it is worth noting that differences exist among population groups: television is the primary source in the most developed countri ... more

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Real or fake? Teenagers managing life on screens. The cybersurvey 2023

Adrienne Katz, Aiman El Asam

Youthworks (2023), 43 pp.

"Teens remain enthusiastic about life online: 87% go digital to manage or calm emotions. They relax, chat with friends, listen to music, or find out what they want to know. Most importantly for them, they connect with friends. They also use it to fend off boredom (which ‘can let in anxiety’). Ov ... er 2/3 say, it is ‘my main entertainment’. Around half go online to ‘escape my issues’. 47% feel more accepted when online, while three quarters feel more confident when on a screen. Digital access: 85% have their own phone with wi-fi access. 68% of 11yr olds, 89% of 13 olds and 97% of 15 year olds have their own phone with wi-fi access. The impacts of life on screens: While this is hotly debated amongst adults, here teenagers talk about how time on screens makes them feel. Responses are grouped into four parts: A) Benefits include: ‘feeling closer to my friends through social media 81%, or via gaming, 69%. Three quarters or 75% feel more confident when on a screen. They value creativity, the privacy and autonomy of finding out whatever they want, and the ability to ‘escape my issues’ or access entertainment and relaxation. B) ‘Electronic mood management’ explores how large numbers of teens use technology to manage their emotions. Contrary to popular myths, 80% hardly ever/never feel anxious after spending time on social media. 6% often feel anxious. C) 'Body mage and perception of others’ play a large role in online life: Almost 1 in 4 always or often believe that ‘Other people have a better life than me,’ Almost 1 in 5 say ‘Because of what I see online I’ve often tried to change my body shape’. D) Acceptance: Some feel it is easier to be accepted online or to ‘find people like me’. This is particularly true for young people who are unsure where they fit in, or those with a disability. Accessibility tools are widely used. Identifying who is most at risk: The survey also explores those who are more likely to describe negative impacts such as teens with an eating disorder, or a mental health difficulty; those who worry about life at home, and those with vision or hearing loss, speech difficulties, young carers, children in care and those with other challenges. The findings in this survey remain consistent with our published research. This minority are less safe online then their peers, they are more likely to become anxious or depressed after time online (or offline) and need help to manage their online lives. Alongside experiencing problems and harms online, they tend to be living with offline difficulties, and emotional health concerns. Some report multiple vulnerabilities. For those living with challenges, and dealing with powerful emotions, or without the means to go out for entertainment, the internet plays a different role. It can represent both a refuge and a risk. Being deprived of it can cause deep distress. Belonging and trust, or feeling left out: Boys are more likely to feel a sense of belonging and trust at school, whereas only 1/3 of girls say ‘school is a place where I feel I belong’ and ‘there is an adult I trust at school’. Teens need to feel they can turn to parents or trusted adults if they need to, and that they belong to and are valued in a community and also among friends. Compared to teens who never feel left out, those who do, described more anxiety, were less able to recover when things went wrong online, and were more likely to add unknown people as friends." (Executive summary, pages 4-6) more

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The Impact of Chayka.lv on the Russian-Speaking Community of Daugavpils, Latvia

Internews; Market Research Center (2023), 54 pp.

"Chayka.lv is an independent media outlet established in 2019 that provides free, high-quality, politically neutral information to the Russian-speaking community of the Latvian city of Daugavpils, including news, entertainment, human-interest and other factual content. It started as pages on the Fac ... more

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Freedom of Expression and Media Consumption Research in Armenia

Yerevan: Internews; USAID; Prisma Research and Analysis (2023), 71 pp.

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Reuters Institute Digital News Report 2024

Nic Newman, Richard Fletcher, Craig T. Robertson, Amy Ross Arguedas, Rasmus Kleis Nielsen (eds.)

Oxford: Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism (2023), 167 pp.

"In many countries, especially outside Europe and the United States, we find a significant further decline in the use of Facebook for news and a growing reliance on a range of alternatives including private messaging apps and video networks. Facebook news consumption is down 4 percentage points, acr ... oss all countries, in the last year. • News use across online platforms is fragmenting, with six networks now reaching at least 10% of our respondents, compared with just two a decade ago. YouTube is used for news by almost a third (31%) of our global sample each week, WhatsApp by around a fifth (21%), while TikTok (13%) has overtaken Twitter (10%), now rebranded X, for the first time. • Linked to these shifts, video is becoming a more important source of online news, especially with younger groups. Short news videos are accessed by two-thirds (66%) of our sample each week, with longer formats attracting around half (51%). The main locus of news video consumption is online platforms (72%) rather than publisher websites (22%), increasing the challenges around monetisation and connection. • Although the platform mix is shifting, the majority continue to identify platforms including social media, search, or aggregators as their main gateway to online news. Across markets, only around a fifth of respondents (22%) identify news websites or apps as their main source of online news – that’s down 10 percentage points on 2018. Publishers in a few Northern European markets have managed to buck this trend, but younger groups everywhere are showing a weaker connection with news brands than they did in the past. • Turning to the sources that people pay most attention to when it comes to news on various platforms, we find an increasing focus on partisan commentators, influencers, and young news creators, especially on YouTube and TikTok. But in social networks such as Facebook and X, traditional news brands and journalists still tend to play a prominent role. • Concern about what is real and what is fake on the internet when it comes to online news has risen by 3 percentage points in the last year with around six in ten (59%) saying they are concerned. The figure is considerably higher in South Africa (81%) and the United States (72%), both countries that have been holding elections this year. • Worries about how to distinguish between trustworthy and untrustworthy content in online platforms is highest for TikTok and X when compared with other online networks. Both platforms have hosted misinformation or conspiracies around stories such as the war in Gaza, and the Princess of Wales’s health, as well as so-called ‘deep fake’ pictures and videos." (Executive summary, page 10) more

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Análisis del ecosistema de información del sur de Perú

Lima; Washington, DC: Instituto de Estudios Peruanos (IEP); Internews (2023), 52 pp.

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Mediensucht in Zeiten der Pandemie. DAK-Längsschnittstudie: Wie nutzen Kinder und Jugendliche Gaming, Social Media und Streaming?

Rüdiger Scharf (ed.)

Hamburg: DAK (2023), 65 pp.

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Consumer Survey on Consumer Behaviour and Preferences Related to the Consumption of Audiovisual Entertainment Content. Final Report

Luxembourg; Leuven: European Union; Ipsos Belgium (2023), 73 pp.

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Social Media Usage in Africa: Report from a GeoPoll Survey in Ghana, Kenya, Nigeria and South Africa

GeoPoll (2023), 2 pp.

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Eine Segmentierung des Kindermarkts: Die KiKA-Landkartenstudie

Saskia Weisser, Elisabeth Kluge, Maritta Rehwagen, Marlene Handel, Denise Haddad

Media Perspektiven, issue 18 (2023), 5 pp.

"Die KiKA-Landkartenstudie untersuchte die Mediennutzung von Drei- bis 13-Jährigen. Hierfür wurden die Kinder selbst sowie deren Erziehungsberechtigte befragt. Das lineare Fernsehen ist für diese Altersgruppe die wichtigste Nutzungsform für Bewegtbild, vor YouTube und Streamingdiensten. Als Lieb ... more

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Women in Ukraine: How Are They Using Media Since the Full Scale Invasion?

London: BBC Media Action (2023), 12 pp.

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Studio Kalangou's Audience

Fondation Hirondelle; Studio Kalangou (2023), 2 pp.

"Studio Kalangou was created by Fondation Hirondelle in 2016 to give the people of Niger access to reliable information on the situation in their country. It broadcasts news, features and debates daily in five languages (French, Tamasheq, Fulfuldé, Haussa, Zarma). An audience survey in 2023 showed ... more

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Solomon Islands: Understanding Audience Needs, Values, and the Role of Media and Communication

Sao Vichheka, Keo Rancha, Sally Gowland et al.

London: BBC Media Action (2023), 12 pp.

"The vast majority (87%) of survey respondents said they receive information indirectly or through word of mouth. This is higher than respondents’ reported use of any formal media platforms such as radio, internet, newspapers, or TV. This trend is also evident in which sources people rely on for i ... more

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Studio Tamani's Audience

Fondation Hirondelle; Studio Tamani (2023), 2 pp.

"Created by Fondation Hirondelle in 2013, Studio Tamani broadcasts news, magazine and debate programmes in 5 languages (Bambara, Peulh, Tamasheq, Sonrhai and French), acting as a link between the main regions of the country (South, Centre and North). Its main objective is to provide the people of Ma ... more

Google Scholar (157)

WorldCat (140)

Social Media Utilization, Perceptions and Experience Among Vowed Religious Men and Women in the Catholic Archdiocese of Nairobi, Kenya

Lydia M. Okang’a

Nairobi: Daystar University, Master Thesis (2023), xii, 112 pp.

"The main objectives of the study were: to assess the perceptions of vowed religious people towards social media; to explore the uses to which vowed religious people put social media; to find out the experiences of vowed religious people regarding their social media utilization. The study employed m ... more

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Google Scholar (42)

WorldCat (50)

Audience des médias en RDC: Habitudes médiatiques des Congolais 2023

Target (2023), 108 pp.

"Il s’observe une baisse générale d’audience de tous les médias à l’exception de la télévision par câble qui enregistre une légère croissance par rapport à 2022. Comparativement aux années antérieures, près de 5 congolais sur 10 surfaient entre au moins 2 médias alors que cette t ... endance connait une chute remarquable en 2023 avec plus de 70% des consommateurs figés sur un seul média à cause notamment de la place que prend l’usage du téléphone et des réseaux sociaux. En 2023, il est constaté que la tendance à basculer entre plus d’un média est plus fréquente chez les hommes (34%) que chez les femmes (24%). La télévision en clair/TNT non payante a connu la baisse la plus importante (-24%) au bénéfice de la Télévision câblée (+8), et se classe en 3ème position derrière la radio et l’internet. Depuis le pic d’audience atteint en 2018 (72%), la radio demeure sur une pente avec une moyenne de -4 pts chaque année contre -5 pts pour la télévision. Seuls l’internet et la télévision payante ont une variation moyenne positive entre 2018 et 2023. Consommé en majorité au Kivu, le taux d’audience internet diminue en fonction de l’âge alors que celui de la radio augmente. Cependant, La télévision est suivie par toutes les tranches d’âge et la télévision payante demeure plus populaire dans le Kongo Central que dans d’autres régions du pays. En moyenne, au moins 1 consommateur des médias sur 2 préfère un contenu en français qu’en une autre langue. Exceptionnellement, la majorité des auditeurs du Grand Equateur affirme une préférence pour un contenu en lingala (58%) contre 42% pour un contenu en français tandis que dans la Province Orientale, les avis sont quasi partagés entre le français (46%) et le lingala (41%). En termes de fréquence, il est constaté qu’internet est le média le plus consommé de manière régulière (Tous les jours ou presque) suivi de la télévision (en clair et payante). D’une manière générale, les audiences des médias sont très fortes le samedi (le pic) sauf pour la télévision payante qui est plus consommée le dimanche et la radio qui atteint son pic le lundi. Cependant, il est constaté qu’internet, la télévision non payante et la télévision payante sont les médias les plus consommés le weekend. Dans la semaine ou pendant le weekend, la télévision (payante et non payante) et l’internet sont plus consommés entre 18 et 21h avant d’amorcer une baisse aux heures creuses (au-delà de minuit) tandis que la radio est plus écoutée entre 6 et 9h du matin." (Page 10) more

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State of the Media Survey Report 2023

Nairobi: Media Council of Kenya (2023), xii, 54 pp.

"The Media survey indicates that Television remains the primary source of news, with 47% of respondents indicating it as their go-to platform for staying informed. Following closely is Radio, with 31% of respondents relying on it for news updates. The survey also revealed that Citizen Tv emerged as ... more

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PNG Citizen Media Engagement Report 2023

Media Development Initiative (MDI); ABC International Development (2023), 59 pp.

"Traditional media, specifically, radio, newspaper, and television, are the key sources of information, followed by social media. Social media is a source of information for significantly more youths (aged 18 to 30 years), citizens living in urban areas, or in the Southern region, trending towards f ... urther growth in the future. Even so, radio and newspapers remain the top two information sources across all segments surveyed regardless of gender, age group, region, and density (urban/rural). Trust in information sources has generally declined since 2019, however citizens trust the sources of information they are using and while traditional and social media feature as key information sources, a range of other trustworthy sources of information were identified. In fact, the Church was rated the most trustworthy source of information amongst all demographics surveyed, reinforcing the role of religion in Papua New Guinean communities today, with traditional media following as the next most trusted sources of information. In the FGDs, youth shared stories about misleading information on social media and the internet, and perceived influence and bribery impacting the quality of some stories in traditional media. With 91% of internet users having seen misinformation or disinformation at least occasionally across online platforms, online sources are considered some of the least trustworthy sources of information [...] Mobile phones are the most accessible digital devices in Papua New Guinea, with 79% of citizens using them daily and a further 12% using them a few times a week. Frequency of mobile phone usage increases with educational attainment and is higher amongst those living in urban locations. Rising accessibility of smartphones is also widening the reach of internet and social media services, which continue to be accessed primarily through smartphones. Importantly, 60% of Papua New Guineans use the internet or social media even if only occassionally; usage is higher in urban locations, and the Southern and Momase regions, but declines with age. Half of all citizens use the internet or social media weekly and usage is more frequent with higher educational attainment, but lower for PWD. Using social media is the most popular internet activity, however obtaining information, accessing news, and for entertainment purposes are also popular. Engagement with social media declines with age, while use of internet banking or transferring money increases with age. Facebook is the most popular social media platform with 94% using it weekly, followed closely by WhatsApp at 84%. TikTok, Instagram, and Viber are relatively more popular amongst youths. PWD have the highest variety of social media platforms used weekly of any group and are more likely to use TikTok. Overall, quality of internet services is considered just OK considering affordability, speed, and reliability. Snapshot of Vulnerable Groups: This study examined media coverage, inclusivity, and issue-related measures for four (4) particular groups in society: youth, people with disability (PWD), women, and people living in rural and remote areas. Youth, women and rural citizen issues are being covered, but even so, people would like to see more coverage. There is a lot of room for improvement on PWD coverage. There is a general theme that the media is encouraged to tell stories about these groups, and that these stories should come from these people directly. There is a sense that discussions and stories around youth, PWD, women, and those in rural and remote areas are often sourced from those who are not in these categories. ‘Talk to them, not about them’ would be a good mantra to drive media inclusivity." (Executive summary, pages 5-6) more

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Most Zimbabweans want free media as watchdog over government

Stephen Ndoma, Simangele Moyo-Nyede

Afrobarometer (2023), 13 pp.

"The survey data show that most Zimbabweans treasure a media that is free from the shackles of government interference and that acts as a watchdog over government, investigating and reporting on its mistakes and corruption. Despite this dominant preference, only a minority think the country currentl ... more

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Media Usage in Nepal 2022

London: BBC Media Action (2023), 4 pp.

Survey on the impact of online disinformation and hate speech Deep Insights

Survey on the impact of online disinformation and hate speech
Deep Insights