"Relying on individual contributions coordinated by social media to finance cultural production (and carry out promotional tasks) is a significant shift, especially when supported by morphing public policies, supposedly enhancing cultural diversity
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and accessibility. The aim of this book is to propose a critical analysis of these phenomena by questioning what follows from decisions to outsource modes of creation and funding to consumers. Drawing on research carried out within the ‘Collab’ programme backed by the French National Research Agency, the book considers how platforms are used to organize cultural labour and/or to control usages, following a logic of suggestion rather than overt injunction. Four key areas are considered: the history of crowdfunding as a system; whose interests crowdfunding may serve; the implications for digital labour and lastly crowdfunding’s interface with globalization and contemporary capitalism. The book concludes with an assessment of claims that crowdfunding can democratize culture." (Back cover)
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"Africa Check, the continent’s first independent fact-Checking organisation of which I was chief editor until July 2019, has itself expanded exponentially. The organisation –a non-profit mainly funded by large foundations– launched in 2012 in
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South Africa with a junior researcher and part-time editor. Africa Check then opened a second office on the continent in Dakar, Senegal, in October 2015. Here the team runs a French-language version of the website to serve West African audiences. The English-language team branched out to Lagos, Nigeria, in November 2016 with Nairobi in Kenya following in January 2017 [...] Here’s what I learned about the contribution of social media to Africa Check’s website traffic: The data shows that in each year there were a few “blockbuster” articles after which engagement tailed off. Engagement on social media site Facebook comprised the overwhelming majority of likes and shares of Africa Check content with Twitter trailing far behind; Facebook has become less and less important in driving traffic to Africa Check’s website, as has been the case for major brands and publishers all over the world. For all but one article in the top ten lists of 2015 and 2016, most views came from Facebook; it dropped to two in 2017 and three in 2018; In most cases where Twitter was the biggest source of traffic, the average time users spent on the page was higher than the time it should theoretically take to read the piece; Content engagement showed a major jump from 2015 to 2016, reflecting the rapid growth of Africa Check in that year. However, it has since decreased year on year, likely on the back of Facebook’s decline in importance as a traffic driver ..." (Publisher description)
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"The aesthetic form and financial infrastructures of African popular film has transformed in recent years leading to a revision of the paradigms for thinking African screen media. This paper assesses that rethinking. It examines three things. First
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, I argue the analysis of the technical, financial, and institutional infrastructures of film has a longer history in studies of African screen media and is, perhaps, one of its most innovative aspects. Second, I expand analyses beyond the dichotomy between traditional African cinema and popular film to take in colonial and postcolonial educational cinemas, the historical and continuing presence of foreign films (U.S., Indian, French, Chinese), and emergent art-world, gallery cinemas. These have all generated rich scholarly debate but are often segregated from each other. I argue we can fruitfully analyse them as part of a single cinematic ecology. Third, I turn from a general discussion of infrastructures of distribution and exhibition to a more narrow focus on “new Nollywood” cinema in Nigeria. I re-examine recent debates about the political effects of these new infrastructures of production and exhibition and their supposed complicity with contemporary neo-liberalism." (Abstract)
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"Interviews with health communicators and residents in September 2019 found that language barriers impede understanding of critical information on Ebola. Information in French and Swahili does not reach everyone. People misunderstand seemingly simp
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le medical words in French. Swahili is best understood in the version local to Beni, while women and older people in the Beni area need information in localized Nande. Military personnel and their families need information in Lingala. To effectively communicate about Ebola, information needs to be relayed in all four languages. The use of technical terminology presents its own language barrier. Key terms related to Ebola are in French and are not consistently translated. Health communicators themselves misunderstand them. Study participants explained that some words related to the outbreak are socially and culturally unacceptable. People consider those words harsh and offensive, especially words they associate with death. As a result, many people are reluctant to use those words. Health communicators replace them with their own euphemistic explanations. These alternatives can be inconsistent and vague, potentially leading to misunderstandings. Health communicators need support to translate Ebola-related terms in a socially acceptable and consistent way. The content of the information provided is also problematic. Current messages on Ebola offer only basic information and instructions. They do not provide information that will help people to better understand why and how the prevention and treatment of Ebola works. People’s questions have evolved with the dynamics of the outbreak and changes in the response strategy. Study participants asked for complex and transparent information in a language and style that is familiar to them. They want in-depth explanations that relate to the latest developments. Yet health communicators lack communication tools and training adapted to these developments, and struggle to provide clear and consistent answers. The resulting misunderstandings and contradictions confuse people, and the lack of detailed explanations creates further doubt and frustration." (Summary)
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"CFI est l’agence française de développement médias. CFI inscrit au cœur de son action la jeunesse, le numérique avec ses nouveaux canaux de diffusion, ainsi que l’égalité entre les femmes et les hommes, principes qu’elle s’attache à
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transcrire au travers de ces différents programmes. Si la question de l’égalité entre les femmes et les hommes est prise en compte par l’agence depuis 2011, et notamment dans son contrat d’objectifs 2018-2020, elle est amenée à monter en puissance, au regard du rôle fondamental que jouent les médias dans la transmission des valeurs et la représentation des identités. C’est pourquoi CFI s’engage à développer une politique spécifique en la matière. La présente stratégie est une déclinaison de cette volonté, qui lui permet de formaliser son action, d’afficher des objectifs plus précis et plus ambitieux, ainsi que des indicateurs qui faciliteront son suivi et sa mise en œuvre. Par cette stratégie, l’agence se fixe comme objectif de mener une politique ambitieuse et volontariste en matière d’égalité professionnelle entre les femmes et hommes salariés, et de faire du genre une priorité transversale dans la mise en œuvre de ses actions, traduisant ainsi l’ambition portée par la France de promouvoir l’égalité entre les femmes et les hommes." (Avant-propos)
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"Le forum Médias et Développement propose aux médias partenaires de CFI en provenance d’Afrique, d’Asie, d’Europe et du monde arabe de débattre, de s’interroger et de croiser leurs regards sur l’ensemble de ces questions. Tous se retrouveront
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à Paris pour ce moment unique d’échange, les 11 et 12 décembre 2019, afin de partager leurs pratiques, leurs solutions, leurs difficultés et leurs innovations." (Page 2)
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"Managing Outcomes is its generous contribution to our community, building on over ten years of experience with Outcome Mapping (OM). AGEH have taken the tools and principles of Outcome Mapping and adapted them to their institutional context, using the elements that work best for them, and offering
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a number of different tools to complement the original OM tools. While AGEH have developed this approach for their own projects and those of their partner organisations, Managing Outcomes offers an opportunity for learning and discussion for the Outcome Mapping Learning Community. In particular, Managing Outcomes includes a section on situation analysis which helps lay a clear foundation for project planning and it provides a detailed guide for monitoring, reflection and self-evaluation. Through these additions, AGEH has distilled many practices and innovations in planning, monitoring and evaluation that have arisen since Outcome Mapping was first developed." (Foreword, page iv)
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"This module presents a step-by-step process that will enable members of organisations, or campaigns, interested in improving their visibility and impact, to formulate effective communication strategies for social and behavioural change Chapter One
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includes elements that help situate the design of the communication strategy within the context of each organisation; including its policies, practices and areas of work. Chapter Two and Three consider the theoretical foundations, paradigms and communication planning models. Chapter Four gives a summary of the different communication strategies and Chapter Five gives an outline of formative research. Chapter Six guides participants, step-by-step, through the design of a communication strategy. Throughout this chapter, participants are introduced to practical worksheets that help synthesise and apply key concepts in each step of the strategy design process. Additionally, references to different components of the Conceptual Module are made, including examples and case studies, which can help participants make decisions at each step of the process." (Overview, page vii)
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"The four principles identified as key to Internet Universality are summarised as the R-O-A-M principles, and are fundamental to the development of the Internet in ways that are conducive to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals with no one l
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eft behind. These principles are: R – that the internet is based on human Rights; O – that it is Open; A – that it should be Accessible to all, and M – that it is nurtured by Multistakeholder participation. To enable the concept of Internet Universality to be more concretely understood and applied, UNESCO has spent two years developing indicators for the four principles. These indicators enable the empirical assessment of Internet Universality in terms of its existence at the level of a national Internet environment. By using these new indicators for research, a collage of evidence can be assembled to help governments and other stakeholders to identify achievements and gaps. The indicator framework is tailored for national use in regard to improving the local Internet environment, and is not designed or suited to rank countries in comparison with one another." (Executive summary, page 12)
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"Adequate media coverage of gender-based violence should enable the public to fully appreciate and better understand the phenomenon. Calling it by its correct name, explaining its context, recalling some key figures and legal texts, talking about it sufficiently and providing useful information to f
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emale victims of violence (telephone numbers and contact details of associations and support services, etc.) helps to prevent and tackle gender-based violence, and to assist victims. To help journalists with their reporting work, this handbook brings together the advice of experienced reporters, charters of good practice from many media outlets around the world, and recommendations for journalists from institutions such as the Dart Center for Journalism & Trauma, the International Federation of Journalists, the Ethical Journalism Network (EJN), the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), the World Health Organization (WHO), UNESCO, the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) and others. This publication therefore contains very practical advice, particularly about avoiding certain pitfalls when reporting on gender-based violence." (Objectives, page 11)
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"Part 1 approaches social media analytics from the point of view of media outlets’ most frequent needs. When you set out to analyze your social media activities, it can be hard to know where to start. The first part of the guide helps you to quickly find the answers you need, without having to go
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through the whole document. In part 2, we will look at some of the basics of social media analysis. We’ll explore what different social media metrics mean and which are the most important. Part 3 looks briefly at the resources you should have in place to effectively analyze your online communication. Part 4 is the main part of the guide. In this section, we are looking at Facebook, Twitter, YouTube and WhatsApp and will show you how to use free analytics tools to find out more about your communication and your audience [...] Part 5 introduces you to reporting, i.e. how you can best present your analyses to managers or advertisers. Part 6 provides guidance for trainers who want to use this guide in workshops or training. Last but not least, part 7 contains a comprehensive glossary that explains the most important technical terms related to social media analysis." (Introduction, page 6)
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"The book examines the underlying principles that guide effective teaching in an age when all of us, and in particular the students we are teaching, are using technology. A framework for making decisions about your teaching is provided, while under
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standing that every subject is different, and every instructor has something unique and special to bring to their teaching. The book enables teachers and instructors to help students develop the knowledge and skills they will need in a digital age: not so much the IT skills, but the thinking and attitudes to learning that will bring them success." (Publisher description)
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"Based on literature review and interviews with journalists, we argue that the BRICS countries are constructing a collective vision, guided by logics of recognition and of transformation. The production of discourse reaches its high point during th
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e BRICS leaders’ summits. To go beyond analysis of the discourse revealed in the media, this article examines projects, thereby aiming to qualify and label the justificatory discourses, in order to develop an understanding of intentions. The BRICS countries have become a reference point as the press increasingly makes comparisons between these countries. The notion of recognition, present in the political elites, also appears as a part of the public imagination and in the press. The leaders too seek transformation. The first official multilateral institution founded by the BRICS countries was the New Development Bank. Current efforts indicate the development of common scientific and technological research initiatives and official support for the establishment of an innovative BRICS Network University. Initiatives will appear as these countries try to consolidate their position." (Abstract)
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"The International Organization for Migration (IOM) has conducted a scientifically rigorous impact evaluation to assess the impact of the Migrants as Messengers (MaM) campaign in Dakar, Senegal. MaM was
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a peer-to-peer awareness-raising campaign made by migrants for migrants and implemented in Senegal, Guinea and Nigeria from December 2017 to March 2019. The impact evaluation in Senegal focused on a key pillar of the MaM campaign, namely town hall events, which screened video testimonies of migrant returnees followed by interactive question and answer sessions with migrant returnees .. The impact evaluation provides evidence that peer-to-peer communication has measurable effects on potential migrants’ perception and intention, which are key prerequisites for safe migration decisions. This report focuses on the main impacts of the MaM events. Future analyses will further explore the rich datasets collected in this study." (Executive summary, page 1-2)
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"This study was conducted between April 2018 and July 2019 with the aim of assessing the impact of Studio Kalangou’s radio broadcasts on women’s rights and empowerment in Niger. It comprised: A content analysis of approximately 60 hours of radi
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o programmes broadcast in 2018 by Studio Kalangou in Niger; A series of 40 focus groups, 20 conducted before, and 20 after, the programmes were broadcast; Two knowledge exchange workshops in Niger with representatives from the media, civil society organisations, NGOs, and donors, held before and after the programmes were broadcast; A third and final knowledge exchange workshop, on completion of the research [...] Radio remains a main source of information in Niger and, based on the data collected during the study, is accessed primarily by mobile phone. Use of social media to access sources of information, including radio, remains limited. Whilst radio remains the main source of information amongst older focus group respondents, younger participants demonstrate little interest in radio, preferring social media. A generational divide exists between older and younger listeners. Older listeners are adamant about what youth should be doing, what they should like and what they should enjoy listening to. This does not chime with what young people want or are interested in. Female empowerment, according to the broadcasts, is a long-term process and affects women as part of a group. In contrast, according to listeners, empowerment must affect their daily lives and be on a personal, more micro level. Women-focused programmes, whilst necessary and beneficial, may serve to isolate information and themes as they depart from the normal expectations of a male-dominated society. Gender equality, which already emerges in Studio Kalangou’s mainstream broadcasts, needs to be encouraged and extended throughout the schedule to impact all listeners. There is evidence of changes in behaviour amongst listeners as a result of Studio Kalangou broadcasts. Improvements in general and specific awareness of subject matter and themes emerge strongly. There are differences in editorial priorities between what Studio Kalangou offers and what the listeners want." (Pages 4-5)
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"This guide suggests practices to support an active role for communities in humanitarian services and decision-making, improve access to information and keep people connected to support their own ways of coping. It emphasises a collective approach
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where humanitarian actors coordinate, collaborate and are held accountable for their actions. It is based on action research into a number of initiatives and organisations as well as gap analyses and recommendations for strengthening and scaling practice. The guide is intended primarily for practitioners and leaders working in national and international humanitarian and media development organisations as well as other entities involved in preparedness, response and recovery. Experience in the humanitarian sector and prior knowledge of relevant policies, plans and processes is assumed, as is familiarity with the humanitarian architecture, the humanitarian programme cycle and accountability to affected populations." (Page 8)
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"This study places the most common recommendation from practitioners—that migration communication should be based on values—within the broader scientific literature by introducing Schwarz’s psychological theory of ‘basic human values’ and then using European Social Survey data to visualise
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the relationship between these values and attitudes to immigration, a relationship already well established in the political psychology literature. It is argued that messaging with a value-basis that is concordant with that of its audience is more likely to elicit sympathy, whereas that which is discordant with the values of its audience is more likely to elicit antipathy. Given the value-balanced orientations of those with moderate attitudes to immigration, persuasive migration messaging should also attempt to mobilise values of its opposition; i.e. pro-migration messaging should mobilise Schwarz’s values of conformity, tradition, security and power, whereas anti-migration messaging should mobilise values of universalism, benevolence, self-direction and stimulation." (Introduction, page 9)
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"This toolkit is for all journalists and communicators who would like to approach and delve into the topic of sustainable lifestyles. In here you will find advice from people working in the field who shared their perspective on finding the most compelling stories, visually representing them, and rea
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ching out to editors. Additionally, professional communicators shared in this toolkit their experience on how to talk to broad audiences about sustainable lifestyles, how to catch their attention, and raise awareness. This document was developed by CIDSE, the international family of Catholic social justice organizations, in the framework of the sustainable lifestyles campaign “Change for the Planet - Care for the People”. CIDSE has been involved in climate justice for years, but only more recently we started focusing more closely on sustainable lifestyles. It seemed more and more urgent to stress that, additionally to the changes needed at the political level, we also need to radically shift our behaviors and personify that change that we want to see and communication plays a crucial role in supporting and provoking such a shift. While still being active at global level and lobbying for justice in the political system managing climate, we also believe in the power of people to create massive change with their coordinated personal efforts." (Introduction)
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"The debate on the effectiveness of foreign aid in the economies of sub-Saharan Africa often overlooks how the local journalists of a region report on aid. This study is a quantitative content ana
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lysis assessing how newspapers in Senegal write about different forms of aid received within the country, using papers from 2014 and 2015. The purpose of this study is to examine how the print journalists of Senegal set the agenda on Senegal's structural adjustment plan (Plan Senegal Émergent), foreign donations to entities in Senegal, and five other forms of economic and agricultural aid. Results are analysed in SPSS using a Crosstabs analysis, to understand if journalists are writing favourably or unfavourably about each variable. The study also uses excerpts pulled from articles on aid (translated from French into English), which create a supplementary qualitative picture of how journalists are subjectively choosing to write about aid. Findings show Senegalese newspapers devote large amounts of the newshole to stories of development, but are largely uncritical of the country's acceptance of foreign loans, international donations and other forms of international development." (Abstract)
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"Roots of the New Arab Film deals with the generation of filmmakers from across North Africa and the Middle East who created an international awareness of Arab film from the mid-1980s onwards. These seminal filmmakers experienced the moment of national independence first-hand in their youth and reta
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ined a deep attachment to their homeland. Although these aspiring filmmakers had to seek their training abroad, they witnessed a time of filmic revival in Europe - Fellini and Antonioni in Italy, the French New Wave, and British Free Cinema. Returning home, these filmmakers brought a unique insider/outsider perspective to bear on local developments in society since independence, including the divide between urban and rural communities, the continuing power of traditional values and the status of women in a changing society. As they made their first films back home, the feelings of participation in a worldwide movement of new, independent filmmaking was palpable." (Publisher description)
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