"Diskussionen um den öffentlichen Rundfunk gibt es in der Ukraine schon, seitdem die Unabhängigkeit dieses Staates ausgerufen wurde. Aus ihnen resultierten unter anderem ein verabschiedetes, jedoch nicht umgesetztes Gesetz zum öffentlichen Rundfunk aus dem Jahre 1997, diverse gescheiterte Gesetze
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sprojekte, rund zehn größere Konzepte des öffentlich-rechtlichen Rundfunks sowie Dutzende von Artikeln, Tagungen und Seminaren. Und obwohl weitgehend alle Parteien sich das Thema auf die Fahnen geschrieben haben, gibt es im zwanzigsten Jahr der Unabhängigkeit noch immer keinen öffentlichen Rundfunkveranstalter, der die gesellschaftlichen Interessen und Probleme staatsfern thematisiert. Der vorliegende Artikel befasst sich mit den Hintergründen dieses Scheiterns. Dazu finden Sie im Anhang eine Chronologie der wichtigsten Etappen, die auf dem langen Weg zu einem öffentlichen Rundfunk bisher durchlaufen wurden und eine Synopse der wichtigsten Konzepte, die bisher unterbreitet wurden." (Zusammenfassung).
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"There is abundant evidence of underrepresentation of women as subjects of coverage, but until now there were no reliable, comprehensive data on which to make a clear determination about where women currently fit into the news-making operation or in the decision-making or ownership structure of thei
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r companies. The IWMF Global Report on the Status of Women in the News Media seeks to fill this gap by presenting for the first time sound data on gender positions in news organizations around the world [...] The findings presented in this report, conducted over a two-year period, offer the most complete picture to date of women’s status globally in news media ownership, publishing, governance, reporting, editing, photojournalism, broadcast production and other media jobs. More than 150 researchers interviewed executives at more than 500 companies in 59 nations using a 12-page questionnaire." (Introduction)
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"The majority of political elites still consider media as a central instrument for manipulating public opinion [...] Fortunately, long-standing debates illustrate that the critical attitude of journalists and civil society organisations has increased through new media developments. The demands for p
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ublic, state-independent broadcasting have been advanced and defended. As the comparison of legislative projects and concepts show, suggestions from civil society organisations have been incorporated over time. Discussions should be continued. They should be designed to involve as many civil society and political groups as well as state actors, especially the Ukrainian President, and convince them of the importance of state-distant public broadcasting. The aim of the talks should be the elaboration of a common denominator." (Conclusion)
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"Internet censorship and surveillance becomes more sophisticated. The first-generation controls like China's "Great Firewall" are being replaced by techniques that include strategically timed distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks, targeted malware, take-down notices and stringent terms-of-usa
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ge policies. Their aim is to shape and limit the national information environment. This publication reports on these new trends and their implications for the global internet commons. In addition, it offers 32 detailed country profiles on internet surveillance from the Commonwealth of Independent States, the Middle East and North Africa, Asia and Europe." (CAMECO Update 2-2010)
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"The global economic downturn has affected countless businesses across the region, forcing them to slash costs, lay off employees, and reduce output. Media businesses are no exception. However, when media businesses are hit, it is not just their turnover that suffers: their primary function, the del
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ivery of news to citizens, feels the impact too. To explore the impact of the crisis on independent media and accountability journalism, the Media Program carried out a study in 18 post-socialist countries heavily hit by the crisis: Albania, Armenia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Macedonia, Moldova, Montenegro, Poland, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, and Ukraine. The study looks at media performance in 2009 compared with the previous three years, explores the cost-saving measures taken by significant news carriers, and the effects of these measures on output, breadth and depth of coverage, scope of investigative reporting, and opportunities for open public debate." (OSI website)
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"Leading researchers from different regions of Europe and the United States address five major interrelated themes: 1) how ideological and normative constructs gave way to empirical systematic comparative work in media research; 2) the role of foreign media groups in post-communist regions and the e
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ffects of ownership in terms of impacts on media freedom; 3) the various dimensions of the relationship between mass media and political systems in a comparative perspective; 4) professionalization of journalism in different political cultures—autonomy of journalists, professional norms and practices, political instrumentalization and the commercialization of the media; 5) the role of state intervention in media systems." (Publisher description)
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"From a research perspective, this case study highlights the need for further research into BBG-sponsored international broadcast services, both individually and collectively. Such studies could include quantitative content analyses of program content, survey research of listeners and viewers, inter
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view-based research with present and former BBG journalists and managers; and documentary studies into the history and politics of the services. In addition, there is a need for more comparative examination of Western international broadcasters, such as BBC, Deutsche Welle, VOA, and RFE/RL. Yet another area ripe for examination is the role of Russian international broadcasts into Central Asia and other parts of the former Soviet Union and their role as instruments of Russia’s foreign policy, public diplomacy, and propaganda. The battle for survival of the Uzbek Service continues, despite the fact that evaluations by VOA’s Office of Research for three successive years praised the quality of its radio and television shows. While the Service has been promised that it will survive, it faces crucial questions: How can excellent programs be most effectively delivered? How can VOA boost its presence and expand outreach and penetration? What options exist for better marketing and promotion? Should it mainly rely on the Internet or concentrate on improving reception through shortwave radio? Does its limited TV programming, available only on satellite and stations in neighboring countries, have a future? Technological changes beyond VOA’s control will also play a role in determining the Service’s future as the Internet becomes more accessible." (Conclusions and implications, page 124)
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[...] In dieser Ausgabe von OST-WEST. Europäische Perspektiven nehmen wir die Medien in Europa in den Blick. Wir fragen nach der Macht und dem Einfluss der „vierten Gewalt“, wie die Medien oft genannt werden, in Deutschland, nach den Perspektiven der Medienentwicklung in Mittel- und Osteuropa,
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schauen nach Polen, Bosnien, Rumänien. Ein wichtiger Blick gilt Russland, nimmt sich dort staatstreue Fernsehsender, gezähmte Printmedien und die blühende Vielfalt im Internet vor, die russische Medienlandschaft also. Wir fragen auch nach dem Medienmarkt und der Pressefreiheit in der Ukraine, die von Wirtschaftsakteuren und Politikern in die Zange genommen wird. Zwei Fachleute, aus Polen und aus Deutschland, äußern ihre Gedanken zur Ethik der Medien. Ethik: Das ist angesichts der zu beobachtenden, nicht nur europäischen Entwicklung im Medienbereich ein Thema, das immer mehr an Gewicht und Bedeutung gewinnt. Es kann uns nicht gleichgültig sein, welche Kriterien bei den Journalistinnen und Journalisten leitend oder nicht leitend sind. Auf dem Mediensektor in Ost und West herrscht derzeit das, was die Soziologen die „neue Unübersichtlichkeit“ nennen. Wir versuchen, mit unserem Medium eine Schneise zu schlagen, von der aus man links und rechts in den Wald schauen kann. Wichtig ist und bleibt: Ein Medium ist ein Medium – und nicht, wie ein weit verbreitetes Urteil sagt, die Botschaft." (Editorial)
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"The study showed that, in 2005, the contribution of the copyright-based industries (CIs) to the gross domestic product (GDP) of Ukraine amounted to 2.85 per cent or 12,583.54 million UAH. At the same time the total contribution of the core CIs constituted 1.54 per cent or 6,815.61 million UAH. The
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contribution of CIs to gross national production in 2005 amounted to 3.47 per cent, or 36,336.71 million UAH. The contribution of the core CIs to gross production constituted 2.07 per cent, or 21,714.34 million UAH. The total number of employees in the CIs in 2005 amounted to 360,412 persons or 1.91 per cent of the total working population of Ukraine." (Summary, page 4)
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