"Drawing on Amartya Sen's capabilities approach to development - which shifts the focus from economic growth to a more holistic, freedom-based idea of human development - Dorothea Kleine examines the relationship between ICTs, choice, and development. Kleine proposes a conceptual framework, the Choi
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ce Framework, that can be used to analyze the role of technologies in development processes. She applies the Choice Framework to a case study of microentrepreneurs in a rural community in Chile. Kleine combines ethnographic research at the local level with interviews with national policy makers, to contrast the high ambitions of Chile's pioneering ICT policies with the country's complex social and economic realities. She examines three key policies of Chile's groundbreaking Agenda Digital: public access, digital literacy, and an online procurement system. The policy lesson we can learn from Chile's experience, Kleine concludes, is the necessity of measuring ICT policies against a people-centered understanding of development that has individual and collective choice at its heart." (Publisher description)
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"Since1993 to the present, a group of Mapuche activists hasaired the bilingual radio shot Wixage anai! in Santiago, Chile; on the other side of the Andes, another Mapuche collective, the Equipo de Comunicación Mapurbe, produced and broadcast a series of brief radio programs between 2003 and 2005 in
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Bariloche, southern Argentina. In this article, I argue that these radio programs constitute an exercise of Mapuche agency that challenges what I call the acoustic colonialism of corporate and criollo mass media in both countries. This article illustrates how Mapuche activists creatively use radio as a connective medium among Mapuche communities and a space for the public audibility of their own voices, sounds, and modes of speech. I analyze the history, cultural politics, and performative features of these two initiatives, engaging theoretical and critical views on sound media, state cultural policies, and politics of indigenous agency." (Abstract)
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"Through the methodological framework of the Networked Readiness Index (NRI), the report measures the extent to which 144 economies, from both the developed and developing worlds, take advantage of ICTs and other new technologies to increase their growth and well-being. The NRI identifies the most r
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elevant factors driving ICT readiness and impacts, providing policymakers, business leaders, and civil society at large with a useful tool for designing national strategies for increased networked readiness and for benchmarking their country’s performance against other relevant comparators. The Global Information Technology Report 2013 features the latest computation and rankings of the NRI, and in referring to this year’s theme, dives deeper into the connection between ICTs and economic growth and job creation. As in previous years, it also showcases a number of ICT development stories of particular interest. In addition, the report includes detailed profiles for the 144 economies covered this year together with data tables for each of the 54 indicators used in the computation of the NRI." (Back cover)
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"The first part, “Fiction in the Ibero-American Space”, presents a comparative synthesis of fiction in the Obitel countries. This comparison is made from a quantitative and qualitative perspective that allows to observe the development of fiction in each country, highlighting their main producti
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ons, as well as the topic of the year, herein, “Social Memory and Television Fiction”. The second part, “Fiction in the Obitel Countries”, is composed by twelve chapters (one for each country), with a structure of fixed sections, though some are more specific than others [...] The third part is an “Appendix”, where are collected the top ten TV fictions in the Obitel countries with basic and necessary information about these productions." (Pages 19-20)
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"Con excepción del consumo de radio y televisión abierta -que es bastante transversal-, los resultados dan cuenta de una “dieta medial” altamente diferenciada entre los individuos en situación de pobreza y el resto de la población. Esta diferencia se ve especialmente reflejada en el consumo
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de diarios impresos, la televisión de pago y de medios digitales. Finalmente, se observa un patrón de uso de redes sociales muy distinto en los sectores en situación de pobreza, especialmente en el caso de Twitter. Este grupo de la población no sólo tiene un nivel de acceso más bajo a estas tecnologías, sino que también las ocupa de manera distinta al resto. Por ejemplo, los comentarios respecto a temas políticos o de interés públicos son escasos, predominando un uso más privado o familiar. Además, las redes de contactos de las personas en situación de pobreza son mucho menos extensas y es probable que suelan estar compuestas por muchos familiares y conocidos, lo que reduce el potencial de las redes para acceder a nuevas ideas y espacios de conversación." (Página 5)
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"Libraries, telecenters, and cybercafés play a critical role in extending the benefits of information and communication technologies (ICTs) to a diverse range of people worldwide. However, their ability to contribute to development agendas has come into question in recent times. The Global Impact S
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tudy was designed to address this debate by generating evidence about the scale, character, and impacts of public access ICTs in eight countries: Bangladesh, Botswana, Brazil, Chile, Ghana, Lithuania, the Philippines, and South Africa. This report summarizes the study’s key findings, situating public access in the context of national development, discussing some disputed issues, and providing recommendations for policymakers, public access practitioners and researchers. The results show that a central impact of public access is the promotion of digital inclusion through technology access, information access, and development of ICT skills. Both users and non-users report positive impacts in various social and economic areas of their lives." (Abstract)
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"Based on interviews with 300 journalists in Chile, Brazil and Mexico, this article describes similarities and differences in their professional cultures. Two competing conceptual explanations are tested: the dominance of political structures, levels of press freedom and the size and concentration o
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f media ownership vs the predominance of political cultures and political parallelism. Although the study provides some evidence in favour of the second scenario – overall in terms of the institutional roles supported by the journalists – neither of the two explanations can fully account for the differences between the countries. Meanwhile, the epistemological and ethical views of the journalists seem to be trapped in contesting terrains of ambiguity, where organizational, media routines and individual factors override country differences." (Abstract)
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"This sampler is the result of a common research project of 16 Latin American universities and the Informatics Network of the Catholic Church in Latin America (RIIAL) on "the impact of digital culture in the Latin American societies". The first part consists of seven contributions studying the use o
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f and access to social media and ICTs by young people, especially university students, in Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Dominican Republic, Panama and Paraguay. The second part, also consisting of seven articles, covers quite different issues like the "One Laptop per Child" initiative in Peru, "socio-affective capacities" in e-learning in Colombia or a reflection on the evangelisation mission of the Church. The articles differ widely in scope and methodology, as there was no agreed research framework. Nevertheless, the contributions are a helpful stocktaking of digital culture in a variety of country and cultural contexts." (CAMECO Update 1-2012)
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"El presente reporte nos entrega información sobre hábitos y prácticas de consumo en relación a medios masivos: televisión, radio, diarios y revistas. Los datos arrojan que la televisión tiene tal grado de penetración que estamos hablando prácticamente de un acceso cotidiano y universal (con
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cifras superiores al 95%) sin distinguir edad, sexo, estrato socioeconómico, residencia en regiones, etc. Para los otros medios en tanto, el acceso es decreciente y diferenciado siendo signifi cativa, entre otras, la variable socioeconómica. Así en el caso de la lectura de diarios, donde se advierte una clara preponderancia de acceso entre los sectores más acomodados marcando brechas de cerca de 40 puntos porcentuales respecto a los sectores más bajos." (Presentación, página 3)
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"Tres son los principales objetivos de la presente obra: 1. El primero consiste en poner al alcance de los ciudadanos de América Latin a los conocimientos y herramientas indispensables para que comprendan de mejor manera la forma en que la Comunicación Política incide, en mayor o menor medida, en
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su elección de representantes y funcionarios. 2. El segundo es fungir como un texto de orientación y referencia para todas aquellas personas vinculadas con la política o con la promoción y difusión de candidatos, campañas y mensajes. 3. Por último, el tercer objetivo perseguido mediante su elaboración y difusión consiste en que todas las personas que participan directa- o indirectamente en campañas de Comunicación Política logren identificar la necesidad real de prepararse teórica y técnicamente, para poder tomar las mejores decisiones, con base en análisis metódicos y objetivos del contexto y las coyunturas en los que se verifican las campañas electorales. Con lo cual, contarán con elementos para profesionalizar su labor y dejar de una vez por todas en el "baúl de los recuerdos" los mitos, tradiciones y descarriadas intuiciones con base en las que, desgraciadamente, aún se implementan muchos de los esfuerzos en materia de Comunicación Política de la región." (Presentación, página 8-9)
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The general analysis of this Yearbook is divided into three parts. The first is an introductory chapter that contains a comparative synthesis of fiction in the Obitel countries. This comparison is made from a quantitative and qualitative point of view that makes it possible to observe the developmen
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t of fiction in each country, highlighting their main productions, as well as the topic of the year: “Quality in television fiction”. In the second part there are eleven chapters (one for each country), with an internal structure where the Yearbook sections are usually fixed, though some are more specific than others. The sections that make up each of the chapters are the following: 1. The country’s audiovisual context; 2. Analysis of premiere fiction; 3. Transmedia Reception; The most outstanding productions of the year; 5. Finally, there is the Topic of the Year, which in this issue is: Trasnationalization of Television Fiction. This phenomenon, which is at the same a growing tendency, is received in three dimensions: 1. The transnational element “behind” the screen, where we present a media ownership index in each country; 2. The transnational element “on” the screen, by locating the origin of the stories for the premiere Top Ten, the casting and the production locations; 3. The transnational element “beyond” the screens, where we place the import and export flows of the fiction products in the OBITEL countries. The third part is an Appendix.
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"Die Medien des heutigen Chile zeichnen sich durch eine zunehmende Kommerzialisierung und inhaltliche Entpolitisierung aus. Sie sind durch eine starke Zentralisierung gekennzeichnet, die sowohl politisch, wirtschaftlich als auch territorial gefestigt ist. Zudem sind sie von einer starken ideologisch
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en Komponente geprägt. Unternehmen haben damit einen enormen Einfluss auf die Medien und bestimmen ihre inhaltliche Linie. Dem demokratischen Grundsatz der freien Meinungsäußerung kommt der chilenische Staat bislang nur unzureichend nach. Die Meinungsfreiheit bleibt eingeschränkt, obwohl Restriktionen aus der Pinochet Diktatur zurückgenommen worden sind. Es ist eben diese Entwicklung, die zur Folge hat, dass bis heute eine Selbstzensur besteht, die einen Pluralismus in den Medien behindert. Viele Chilenen haben Angst vor Repressalien, wenn sie zu sehr an sozialen Konflikten partizipieren.
Vor diesem Hintergrund überrascht es nicht, dass die Medien in Chile in Bezug auf die Darstellung der Studentenproteste voreingenommen gehandelt haben und immer noch handeln. Das ist nicht nur der Vorwurf vieler Demonstranten. Der chilenische Verband der Nichtregierungsorganisationen hat bereits im Juni 2011 beim nationalen Fernsehrat Klage gegen Kanal 13 eingereicht. Laut dem chilenischen Magazin „Publimetro“ wirft er dem Sender vor, „die sozialen Bewegungen zu kriminalisieren“ und hält die Berichterstattung für „eine ernsthafte Verzerrung, die Pluralismus, Demokratie und sozialen Frieden untergräbt“. Zudem werden Beamte des Bildungsministeriums beschuldigt, Bilder zu unterschlagen, die die Gewalt der Polizei gegen Demonstranten zeigen. Während internationale Medien wie „El País“ in Spanien und die „New York Times“ die Studentendemonstrationen im Hinblick auf ihre Forderungen analysieren und sie sogar mit dem „Arabischen Frühling“ vergleichen, wird das Verhalten der Studenten in den meisten chilenischen Medien kritisiert und verfälscht dargestellt, ohne auf die Inhalte der Protestierenden einzugehen. Auch die Zahl der Teilnehmer wurde durch die nationalen Medien manipuliert. Vielfach wurde sogar vermieden, überhaupt über die Demonstrationen zu berichten: Eine riesige chilenische Flagge mit dem Slogan „Ausbildung: frei, würdig, frei“ wurde während des Spiels zwischen den Fußball-Nationalmannschaften von Chile und Mexiko ausgerollt. Bei den offiziellen Übertragungen der chilenischen TV-Sender wurde diese Flagge jedoch ausgeblendet." (Seiten 231-232)
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