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Snap Judgements: How Audiences Who Lack Trust in News Navigate Information on Digital Platforms

Amy Ross Arguedas, Sumitra Badrinathan, Camila Mont'Alverne, Benjamin Toff, Richard Fletcher, Rasmus Kleis Nielsen

Oxford: Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism (2022), 43 pp.

"In this report, we qualitatively examine how audiences who lack trust in most news organisations in their countries navigate the digital information environment, especially how they make sense of the news they encounter while using social media, messaging applications, or search engines. Drawing on ... a sample of 100 individuals in four countries – Brazil, India, the United Kingdom (UK), and the United States (US) – we centre on how they use Facebook, WhatsApp, and Google, based on a unique interviewing approach anchored in their concrete everyday experiences. Participants were asked to describe and respond to what they actually saw on their screens as they navigated these platforms in real time while speaking to members of our research team. This research is focused on individuals with minimal trust in most news sources and below-average interest in politics – a population often neglected in audience research since these individuals tend to be least likely to consume news. However, for that same reason, understanding the way they encounter and engage with information online is of particular importance. Indeed, in line with prior survey-based research (Toff et al. 2021c), we found these individuals tended to be indifferent towards, or even opposed to, the idea of receiving news through platforms, which they said they primarily used for other purposes. What we found is that when they did encounter news on platforms and sought to assess how credible the information might be, they often relied on cues for making quick, in-the-moment judgements, which were particularly important since many of these users rarely clicked through to the original sources of news. The mental shortcuts people discussed, summarised in Figure 1, involved (1) pre-existing ideas they held about news in general or specific news brands (where the information was coming from), but also several other factors: (2) social cues from family and friends (who shared or engaged with the news), (3) the tone and wording of headlines (whether or not it was perceived as clickbait), (4) the use of visuals (which they often saw as important evidence for what could or could not be trusted), and (5) the presence of advertising (whether or not information appeared to be sponsored). Additional (6) platform-specific cues also played a role in shaping judgements about what to trust. These involved design decisions around how information appears on platforms (e.g. what labels appear, what is given most prominence), which in turn affect many of these other cues." (Introduction and key findings, page 3) more

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Abuso y explotación sexual de niñas, niños y adolescentes en línea: Perspectivas de sobrevivientes

Bangkok: ECPAT International;WeProtect Global Alliance (2022), 83 pp.

"Entre todos los tipos de problemas a los que se enfrentaron los trabajadores de protección de la niñez y adolescencia, el 18% de sus casos totales indicaron alguna forma de abuso y explotación sexual de niñas, niños y adolescentes en línea. Esto significa que uno de cada cinco niñas, niños ... more

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China's Discourse Power Operations in the Global South: An overview of Chinese Activities in Sub-Saharan Africa, Latin America, and the Middle East

Kenton Thibaut

Washington, DC: Atlantic Council of the United States (2022), 23 pp.

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Digital Ecosystem Country Assessment (DECA) Toolkit: A How-To Guide for USAID Missions

USAID;Digital Frontiers;DAI (2022), 107 pp.

"The Digital Ecosystem Country Assessment (DECA) Toolkit is a step-by-step guide designed to help USAID Missions conduct high-quality research that will directly inform Mission strategic and programmatic decisions for digital development interventions. The DECA is the flagship initiative of the USAI ... more

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Venezuela: Calculated Repression. Correlation Between Stigmatization and Politically Motivated Arbitrary Detentions

Amnesty International;Foro Penal;Centro para los Defensores y la Justicia (CDJ) (2022), 54 pp.

"In 2011, the United Nations Special Rapporteur on Human Rights Defenders defined stigmatization as the characterization of human rights defenders as “terrorists”, “enemies of the State” or “political opponents” by state authorities and state media and its use to delegitimize their work, ... more

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Gender Violence Against Journalists: Data on Gender-Based Attacks and Cases That Victimized Women in Brazil in 2021

Verônica Toste Daflon et al.

UNESCO;Brazilian Association of Investigative Journalism (ABRAJI) (2022), 38 pp.

"Monitoring data indicate that in 2021 there were a total of 119 attacks against women journalists and/or gender attacks involving media professionals. Hence, it means that, on average, an attack occurred every three days. A striking aspect is the importance of gender: among the 119 cases, 38% were ... more

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Colombia Media Landscape Guide

David Alejandro Schoeller-Diaz, Sayuri Raigoza Rivera

CDAC Network;Deutsche Welle DW Akademie (2022), 24 pp.

"This Media Landscape Guide provides a snapshot of the media in Colombia, including the audiences, the producers, the preferences of different groups in the community, the communications culture, and the languages associated with the media. It gives an insight into the role of media in development w ... more

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Global Perspectives on NGO Communication for Social Change

Giuliana Sorce (ed.)

New York; London: Routledge (2022), vi, 205 pp.

"An international line-up of authors first discuss communication practices, strategies, and media uses by NGOs, providing insights into the specifics of NGO programs for social change goals and reveal particular sets of tactics NGOs commonly employ. The book then presents a set of case studies of NG ... more

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After the Pandemic, Building Back a Stronger Media: Inspiring Initiatives in Ensuring Media Viability
Inspiring Practice

Larry Kilman

Paris: UNESCO (2022), 81 pp.

"The pandemic brought to crisis point prior trends facing independent news media, whether online or offline or hybrid. While media became more important than ever for citizens as a source of reliable information in an insecure and continuously changing world, newsrooms struggled to pay their bills. ... more

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The Unfreedom Monitor: A Methodology for Tracking Digital Authoritarianism Around the World

Amsterdam: Global Voices Advox (2022), 71 pp.

"This briefing document provides an overview of key developments in digital authoritarianism in 11 countries and explains the theoretical framework and methodology behind The Unfreedom Monitor project. The document also provides a basis for expanding this research to other countries to deepen our un ... more

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Teologías, ecologías y extractivismos

Red Iglesias y Minería;Conferencia Episcopal Latinoamericana (CELAM);Dreikönigsaktion (DKA);CEBITEPAL (2022), 117 pp.

"Urgidos por los gritos de las comunidades afectadas por la minería y los gemidos de la madre naturaleza, en comunión con el llamado del papa Francisco y del CELAM, la Agencia de Cooperación Katholische Jungschar (DKA) y la Red Iglesias y Minería (IyM) animamos un espacio ecuménico para interca ... more

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Meeting the Challenges of Information Disorder in the Global South
Top Insights

Herman Wasserman (ed.)

Rondebosch: University of Cape Town, Centre for Film and Media Studies;International Development Research Centre (IDRC) (2022), 256 pp.

"Despite information disorder being a widespread problem in countries in the Global South, the study of this phenomenon remains dominated by examples, case studies, and models from the Global North. Knowledge about the various manifestations of information disorder, the range of responses, and the s ... more

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Ageing with Smartphones in Urban Brazil: A Work in Progress

Marília Duque

London: UCL Press (2022), xvi, 275 pp.

"With people living longer all over the world, ageing has been framed as a socio-economic problem. In Brazil, older people are expected to remain healthy and autonomous while actively participating in society. Based on ethnographic research in São Paulo, Ageing with Smartphones in Urban Brazil show ... more

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Educación popular e incidencia política de Fe y Alegría: Nuevos aportes para la incidencia política desde la educación popular

Carlos Fritzen

Fe y Alegría Internacional (2022), 369 pp.

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Freire and the Perseverance of Hope: Exploring Communication and Social Change

Ana Cristina Suzina, Thomas Tufte (eds.)

Paulo Freire (honoured person)

Amsterdam; London: Institute of Network Cultures;Loughborough University (2022), 146 pp.

"The Brazilian educator Paulo Freire (1921-1997) is one of the most important thinkers of the 21st century, figuring among the most quoted authors in the fields of education and social sciences all over the world. He is also a core reference to an infinite number of grassroots and activist initiativ ... more

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Without Indigenous Women, There’s no Future: Faces, Voices and Dreams of the Indigenous Women of the Amazon

Hivos (2022), 50 pp.

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Resultados del “estudio exploratorio sobre brechas digitales de género en población adolescente en Perú”: Resumen ejecutivo

Alithu Bazan Talavera, Danna Duffó Chapilliquén, Martin Jaime Ballero

UNICEF (2022), 22 pp.

"En el Perú existen alrededor de nueve millones de adolescentes entre 12 y 17 años. De este grupo, se estima que el 92.9 % hace uso de internet para socializar, informarse, desarrollar pasatiempos y asistir a clases durante la pandemia. Según las estadísticas oficiales, la población de adolesce ... more

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Digital Violence in Mexico: The State Vs. Civil Society

Alexandra Argüelles (ed.)

Malpaís Ediciones;Comun.al (2022), 189 pp.

"The stories that make up this text offer an approach to the resistances and resiliencies that have arisen in Mexico, covering different manifestations of digital violence in the voices of people representing initiatives and communities that have been victimized through technologies that the state h ... more

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Covid-19, Communication and Religion

Norberto González Gaitano (ed.)

Church, Communication and Culture, volume 7, issue 1 (2022), pp. 1-263

"The contributions of this special issue are grouped in three sections: context, theoretical framework and empirical research. The first articles set up two important dimensions of the context we are living in that have to be definitely improved if we want to take advantage of the positive sides of ... more

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Multi-Donor Programme on Freedom of Expression and Safety of Journalists: Quadriennial Report 2018-2021

Ma’aly Hazzaz, Elisa Kirkland, Olivier Van Bockstael

Paris: UNESCO (2022), 316 pp.

"Since it first began substantial implementation in 2018, the MDP has enabled UNESCO’s Communication and Information Sector to immediately respond to emerging priorities and needs affecting freedom of expression, the safety of journalists, access to information, and community media. Before its cre ... more

After the Pandemic, Building Back a Stronger Media: Inspiring Initiatives in Ensuring Media Viability Inspiring Practice

Meeting the Challenges of Information Disorder in the Global South Top Insights

After the Pandemic, Building Back a Stronger Media: Inspiring Initiatives in Ensuring Media Viability
Inspiring Practice

Meeting the Challenges of Information Disorder in the Global South
Top Insights