"This book analyzes extensive data on the world’s rapidly changing and growing access to, use and geographies of information and communications technologies. It studies not only the spatial differences in technology usage worldwide, but also examines digital differences in the major world nations
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of China, India, the United States and Japan at the state and provincial levels. At the global level, factors such as education, innovation, judicial independence and investment are important to explaining differences in the adoption and use of technology. The country studies corroborate consistent determinants for technology usage for education, urban location, economic prosperity, and infrastructure, but also reveal unique determinants, such as social capital in the United States and India, exports in China and working age population and patents in Japan. Spatial patterns are revealed that indicate clusters of high and low technology use for various nations around the world, the countries of Africa and for individual states/provinces within nations. Based on theory, novel findings and phenomena that have remained largely unreported, the book considers the future of the worldwide digital divides, the policy role of governments and the challenges of leadership." (Publisher description)
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"How has broadcasting governance affected broadcast media development in Uganda during the Museveni years? The main approach was content analysis of relevant legislation and policies, and key informant interviews with major stakeholders. The key finding is that in the period under examination, Ugand
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a adopted a piecemeal approach to legislation, and to a great extent relied on laws rather than policies to govern broadcasting. Broadcasting diversity and independence remained elusive, and little development of the sector beyond growth in numbers (multiplicity of outlets) was experienced. There is a need to review existing frameworks." (Abstract)
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"This article aims to assess the activities of Kingfisher FM, a faith-based community radio station, and its contribution to development in Port Elizabeth and its environs. A qualitative data collection method, in the form of group interviews, was used to collect data. The analysis of data indicates
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that a number of opportunities for audience participation are provided by the station. Thus, it was found to operate as a Christian radio station according to its licence and for its defined target audience. Within the framework of audience participation, however, Kingfisher FM also functions as a medium for development in that it involves its audience in a variety of operational, planning and programme design activities, which provide audience-specific input and thus help to ensure that the programme content remains closely informed by audience realities." (Abstract)
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"I have scrutinised five volumes of three media journals which all have ‘African’ in their title, in order to uncover the tendencies in their cultural and geographical orientation. The three journals are scholarly related, although they vary from a specific focus on journalism (Ecquid Novi: Afri
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can Journalism Studies, henceforth ENAJS), to media studies (Journal of African Media Studies, JAMS), to communication in general (African Communication Research, ACR). The data generate new knowledge about the degree of African alignment on the part of the three reputed local journals, along with a longitudinal perspective on the present journal, ENAJS, where all articles over the past 30 years were surveyed. On this basis, I conclude by arguing for the importance of maintaining an African focus in journalism and media scholarship on the continent." (Page 57)
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"This study contends that democracy and political change is deeply rooted in the mass media’s ability to become a major agent of political socialization that was capable of mobilizing local populations into changing longstanding African attitudes about politics and election outcome behaviors." (Pu
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blisher description)
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"Mechachal is a collaborative project developed by the University of Oxford and Addis Ababa University to understand the nature and potential of online debates in Ethiopia. Mechachal can be translated from Amharic as “tolerance”, or as one’s awareness of their own social sphere and willingness
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to accommodate other social spheres that are different from a cultural and religious standpoint [...] Mechachal’s team developed methodology to analyse online debates that are emerging from and targeting Ethiopians in Ethiopia and in the Diaspora. This report is the first of a series of three and examines some key aspects of this approach. In particular, it offers an empirically grounded illustration of how, despite the polarization that has characterized the political environment in Ethiopia, online debates tend to favour engagement across divides, rather than exacerbating existing tensions." (Introduction)
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"The report explores how discussion programmes – where a diverse audience, representing the whole of society, is engaged in fair and balanced debate – can stimulate both private/interpersonal discussion and public discussion in either a community setting or one hosted by local government. It the
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n goes on to examine whether discussion can, in turn, affect conflict-related attitudes at scale, whether attitudes towards other groups in society or attitudes towards violence. The basic idea is that regular engagement in the sort of media programmes our organisation seeks to provide can help to mitigate conflict in fragile settings by increasing understanding of the other, facilitating compromise and ultimately engendering less recourse to violence. Data collected by BBC Media Action in Kenya and Nigeria is used to test the hypothesis that media induced discussion is associated with attitudes that are related to conflict and fragility. The results reveal a rich but complicated picture. We find relatively consistent evidence in both countries that our discussion-oriented media programmes are strongly linked to private discussion among family, friends and others. Evidence from Kenya also suggests that exposure to debate-style programming is potentially linked to public political discussion, but that this relationship is likely to be mediated through other variables such as private political discussion. Finally, in both cases, both private and public discussion is strongly associated with individual attitudes towards conflict. However, the relationship is a complex one and bears further examination." (Executive summary)
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"We analyzed more than 13,000 statements during the project. This report primarily builds on the statements that were collected between 24 February and 24 June 2015, three months before and one month after the parliamentary elections that took place in Ethiopia on 24 May 2015. FINDING 1 - Hate and d
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angerous speech are marginal forms of speech in social media. Only 0.4% of statements in our sample have been classified as hate speech (i.e. speech that incites others to discriminate or act against individuals or groups based on their ethnicity, religion, or gender) and 0.3% as dangerous speech (i.e. speech that builds the bases for or directly calls for widespread violence against a particular group) [...] FINDING 2 - The elections on Facebook were a “non-event” - they were broadly discussed, but there was widespread disillusionment. Most Ethiopian Facebook pages discussed the elections, but many statements either directly referred to, or seemed informed by, the perception that the outcome of the elections was already predetermined, with low levels of suspense and low expectations on the part of online users [...] FINDING 3 - Dangerous speech is a distinctive and more deliberate form of attacking other groups or individuals. When compared to hate speech, as well as to other types of messages, dangerous speech reflects a more deliberate strategy to attack individuals and groups. Almost all dangerous statements in our sample are uttered by individuals seeking to hide their identity (92%). This proportion is significantly lower for statements classified as hate speech (33%) and offensive speech (31%) [...] FINDING 4 - The political, social and cultural views reflected in social media in Ethiopia are less polarized than might be expected ..." (Executive summary)
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"Seit jeher beuten Menschen andere Menschen aus. Die Geschichte der Sklaverei – lange Zeit als Eigentum an einer anderen Person definiert – endete jedoch nicht mit ihrer rechtlichen Abschaffung. Spätestens mit der Allgemeinen Erklärung der Menschenrechte von 1948 ist das Verbot von Sklaverei z
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war eine international akzeptierte Norm, faktisch aber werden Menschen noch immer versklavt und unter schlimmsten Bedingungen ausgebeutet. Da heute nicht mehr Eigentum, sondern die tatsächliche Verfügungsgewalt über eine Person als die entscheidende Kategorie gilt, werden Fälle von Menschenhandel, Zwangsarbeit, Leibeigenschaft oder Schuldknechtschaft oft auch als „moderne Sklaverei“ bezeichnet. Je nach Definition und Erhebungsmethode sind die Zahlen über das Ausmaß moderner Sklaverei sehr unterschiedlich. Die Internationale Arbeitsorganisation (ILO) schätzt, dass weltweit derzeit knapp 21 Millionen Menschen Zwangsarbeit leisten müssen, wozu auch Menschenhandel mit dem Ziel der Arbeits- oder sexuellen Ausbeutung zählt. Andere Schätzungen liegen deutlich höher. Zwar gibt es Formen moderner Sklaverei auch in reichen Ländern wie Deutschland. Das größte Risiko, in Versklavung zu geraten, stellt jedoch Armut dar, weshalb die regionalen Schwerpunkte vor allem außerhalb Europas liegen. Zudem sind Frauen häufiger betroffen als Männer. Dass Deutschland in vielfacher Hinsicht auch in die „alte Sklaverei“ verstrickt war, also in die Wirtschafts- und Plantagensklaverei sowie den transatlantischen „Dreieckshandel“ des 17. bis 19. Jahrhunderts, dringt erst langsam ins breitere öffentliche Bewusstsein." (Editorial)
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"Mediated Communities brings together a diverse, global cohort of academics and professional communicators to assess the current state of democratic mobilizing around the world and the ways in which protest movements are being transformed in the midst of a communication revolution. The volume’s co
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ntributors draw on a variety of international settings—from Greece to Lebanon, China to Argentina—to demonstrate the ways in which community organizing in the digital age relies increasingly on digital media to communicate, help participants find common ground, and fight for change. The contributors acknowledge the challenges that lie ahead for creating real and lasting democratic change but at the same time are able to draw attention to the potential that digital media hold for strengthening citizen voices around the globe." (Back cover)
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"At once both guide book and provocation, this is an indispensable companion for students and practitioners of applied theatre. It addresses all key aspects: principles, origins, politics and aesthetics in a concise and accessible style designed to appeal both to those who have recently discovered t
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his sub-discipline and to experienced practitioners and academics. Part 1 is divided into two chapters. The first introduces the sub-discipline of Theatre for Development, covering its origins, principles and history, and providing an overview of theatre for development in Western contexts as well as in Africa, Asia, the Indian Subcontinent and Latin America. The second focuses upon theoretical and philosophical issues confronting the discipline and its relationship to contemporary politics, as well as considering its future role. Part 2 consists of seven chapters contributed by leading figures and current practitioners from around the world and covering a diverse range of themes, methodologies and aesthetic approaches. One chapter offers a series of case studies concerned with sexual health education and HIV prevention, drawn from practitioners working in Vietnam, Papua New Guinea, Southern Africa, and China. Other chapters include studies of intercultural theatre in the Peruvian Amazon; a programme of applied theatre conducted in schools in Canterbury, New Zealand, following the 2010 earthquake; an attempt to reinvigorate a community theatre group in South Brazil; and an exchange between a Guatemalan arts collective and a Dutch youth theatre company, besides others." (Publisher description)
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"How do interventions by the UN Security Council and the International Criminal Court influence representations of mass violence? What images arise instead from the humanitarianism and diplomacy fields? How are these competing perspectives communicated to the public via mass media? Zooming in on the
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case of Darfur, Joachim J. Savelsberg analyzes more than three thousand news reports and opinion pieces and interviews leading newspaper correspondents, NGO experts, and foreign ministry officials from eight countries to show the dramatic differences in the framing of mass violence around the world and across social fields." (Publisher description)
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"In this study, we assessed the relevance and effectiveness of radio broadcasting as a strategy that facilitates the adoption and use of safer sexual practices among students at a South African university. Based on ethnographic data, the article highlights that the essential and critical contributio
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n of campus radio lies in its ability to create a social space for HIV/AIDS communication. The overall aim of this study was to assess the relationship between exposure to radio broadcasting messages and the adoption of safer sexual practices. Our analysis suggests that campus broadcasting can be instrumental in promoting HIV/AIDS awareness and education." (Abstract)
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"Politische Spannungen und Vorurteile belasten das Verhältnis zwischen Ruandern, Burundiern und Kongolesen. So manch einer verzieht bei der Vorstellung ins Nachbarland einreisen zu müssen, das Gesicht. Das Spukgespenst des bösen Nachbarn verbreiten und verstärken nicht zuletzt die Medien. Doch e
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s geht auch anders. Die Macher der ruandischen Jugendradiosendung Ejo! setzen auf einen positiven Nachbarschaftsbegriff. Ihr Ansatz: Journalisten aus drei Ländern arbeiten zusammen und senden in die ganze Region." (Seite 8)
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"Entre hybridation et réinvention, les pratiques communicationnelles liées à la téléphonie mobile offrent des perspectives de recherche stimulantes. Pour les opérateurs de téléphonie, il s’ouvre un réel champ, où d’observation en expérimentation, se créent de nouvelles offres. Au-del
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à des chiffres inespérés, on voit se dessiner des pratiques inattendues : Happy Snapping, crowd-funding, m-commerce, mobile learning. On peut aussi évoquer les usages de la téléphonie mobile dans les pratiques religieuses – avec des « maraboutages » à distance –, dans la lutte contre les fraudes électorales, et dans la mobilisation sociale, notamment lors des manifestations à caractère politique. Les articles rassemblés dans cet ouvrage interrogent la contribution réelle de la téléphonie mobile au développement économique et social des popu-lations, ses modes d’appropriation, les formes de socialisation qu’elle induit et les innovations qui la caractérisent ou qu’elle suscite. La technologie n’étant pas neutre, il s’agit de penser les modalités de son intégration et ses conséquences sur le système social." (Dos de couverture)
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