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A Communication Audit of the Catholic Diocese of Kabgayi in Rwanda

Théoneste Ndahimana

Nairobi: Daystar University, School of Communication, Language and Performing Arts, Master of Arts in Communication Thesis (2017), xiii, 130 pp.

"The purpose of this study was to conduct a communication audit of the Catholic Diocese of Kabgayi with a view to establishing the effectiveness of communication strategies used by Kabgayi Diocese in resource mobilization. The objectives of this study were: firstly, to establish communication strate ... gies utilized by Kabgayi Diocese for local resource mobilization; Secondly, to assess how well the current communications flow is working in supporting the local resource mobilization; and thirdly, to establish the laity's perception regarding the communication strategies used by Kabgayi Diocese for local resource mobilization. The study revealed that the clergy of Kabgayi Diocese mobilize local resources in collaboration with some church's leaders from the laity. It has been recommended that the clergy and laity leaders should mobilize local resources frequently. The study further established that face-to-face group communication, the bishop's pastoral letter, the letters to individuals or families were the most used communication approaches currently in local resource mobilization and should, as a recommendation, be combined with other new communication approaches, such as, radio, television, newsletter, event fundraising, notice boards, and social media, especially WhatsApp. The study found out that there was lack of a resource mobilization strategic plan and a communication plan to support it at the parish and diocesan level. Therefore, the formulation of these two kinds of strategic plans has been perceived as a matter of urgency for Kabgayi Diocese. The study revealed that the amount of information currently received by the laity on local resource mobilization and related themes was not adequate. The study established that the information flow about local resource mobilization was predominantly one-way, downward communication. As a recommendation, upward and horizontal communication flows should be also encouraged by Kabgayi Diocese in resource mobilization. The study established that the laity was little involved in decision-making regarding the church's activities aiming at mobilizing domestic resources. To increase the laity's commitment and their sense of ownership, the Kabgayi Dioecese has been recommended to involve the laity more in decision-making regarding resource mobilization." (Abstract) more

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Building an Ecosystem Around Data: Using Interactive Radio for Accountability to Farmers in Tanzania

Francesca Feruglio, Heather Gilberds

Brighton: Institute of Development Studies (IDS);Farm Radio International (2017), 15 pp.

"In 2015, Farm Radio International applied to Making All Voices Count for a practitioner research and learning grant. Farm Radio International (FRI) is a Canadian-based not-for-profit organisation working in direct partnership with approximately 600 radio broadcasters in 38 African countries to figh ... more

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Everyday Media Culture in Africa: Audiences and Users

Wendy Willems, Winston Mano (eds.)

London: Routledge (2017), 260 pp.

"This volume examines the lived experiences of Africans and their interaction with different kinds of media: old and new, state and private, elite and popular, global and national, material and virtual. By offering a comparative, critical and largely qualitative account of audiences and users across ... a range of national contexts in different regions of Africa, the book examines media through the voices and perspectives of those engaging with it rather than reducing audiences and users to numbers and statistics, ready to be exploited as potential target markets or as political constituencies. The critical, qualitative research perspective adopted in this book enables us to gain a better understanding of how African viewers, listeners and users make sense of a range of media forms; what role these play in their everyday lives and what audience and user engagement can tell us about how citizens perceive the state, how they imagine themselves in the wider world and how they relate to each other. The book argues that the experiences of audiences and engagements of users with a range of media—newspapers, radio, television, magazines, internet, mobile phones, social media—are always grounded in particular contexts, worldviews and knowledge systems of life and wisdom: ‘It is akin to the tortoise. The tortoise never leaves its shell behind. It carries it wherever it goes’ (Chivaura 2006: 221). African media audiences and users carry their contexts and cultural repertoires in the same way a tortoise carries its shell. Thus far, the bulk of academic research on media and communication in Africa has addressed the policy and regulatory aspects as well as the relation between media institutions and the state (Willems 2014a). While studies on media, democratization and press freedom are invaluable, the ways in which ordinary people make sense of, and relate to, media in their everyday lives are largely left beyond consideration. As Barber (1997: 357) has pointed out, ‘[w]hat has not yet been sufficiently explored is the possibility that specific African audiences have distinctive, conventional modes and styles of making meaning, just as performers/speakers do. We need to ask how audiences do their work of interpretation’." (Page 4) more

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Measuring Peacebuilding Cost-Effectiveness

Institute for Economics & Peace (2017), 68 pp.

"1) This paper provides a conceptual framework for counting and categorising peacebuilding activities as well as a hard working-definition of the actions that count as peacebuilding. One of the primary inhibiting factors for assessing peacebuilding cost-effectiveness has been the lack of commonly ag ... reed definitions and confusion about what activities constitute peacebuilding. Without this, it is simply not possible to measure and compare the cost-effectiveness of peacebuilding activities. 2) A comprehensive accounting of global peacebuilding expenditures from 2002 to 2013, using the working definition that was developed in partnership with the UN Peacebuilding Support Office (PBSO) and Peacebuilding Support Group. This is the first known attempt at comprehensively accounting for peacebuilding activities — without this data it is not possible to empirically assess different peacebuilding strategies and assess the cost-effectiveness of them or individual peacebuilding actions. This data shows that peacebuilding activities are unevenly distributed geographically and thematically and are prioritised to differing extents by international donors. 3) A detailed case study of peacebuilding expenditures is presented to analyse an example of peacebuilding success — Rwanda from the wake of genocide to 2014. This analysis shows US$18.35 billion was committed to peacebuilding expenditures in Rwanda from 1995 to 2014. That means peacebuilding commitments in Rwanda from the international community were at least $27 per capita each year for the past 15 years. This demonstrates that the assistance associated with peacebuilding is not exhausted in the five or even ten years following a conflict, meaning that the success of peacebuilding cannot be judged on whether there has been a relapse into a conflict after such a short period of time has elapsed. If some moderate level of peacebuilding expenditure indeed leads to a reduction in violence, and if Rwanda is illustrative of the levels of peacebuilding required to reduce violent conflict, then the current levels of global peacebuilding expenditure are insufficient to build global peace. 4) A global model of the cost-effectiveness of peacebuilding, based on the case study findings and the data generated from them. Using 20 years of peacebuilding expenditure, Rwanda’s experience as a baseline, and combining this with IEP’s research on the global cost of conflict, the paper presents scenario analysis and a model of peacebuilding cost-effectiveness. It finds that using conservative assumptions, the cost-effectiveness ratio of peacebuilding is 1:16, showing that increased funding for peacebuilding would be hugely beneficial not only to peacebuilding outcomes but in terms of the potential economic returns to the global economy. This means that if countries currently in conflict increased or received levels of peacebuilding funding to appropriate levels estimated by this model, then for every dollar invested now, the cost of conflict would be reduced by $16 over the long run. Projected forward ten years from 2016 this would save US$2.94 trillion in direct and indirect losses from conflict. However, achieving this outcome would require an approximate doubling of peacebuilding toward the 31 most fragile and conflict affected nations of the world. Of course, this does not preclude other important factors for peacebuilding success such as the external influence of other states or the role of political elites, but rather establishes a working framework for resources required for programmatic peacebuilding activities. 5) In order to take this research forward, this paper also provides detailed approaches for a future research agenda to look deeper into the ultimate aim of assessing the cost-effectiveness of particular peacebuilding interventions. Through drawing upon existing impact evaluations on peacebuilding interventions in Liberia, it demonstrates a basic approach to how the cost-effectiveness of specific peacebuilding interventions could be compared within a specific context. However, this approach demonstrates the long-term needs for a fully-fledged research agenda in this area. Impact evaluations are resource intensive and require a very significant upscaling of research. Currently, it is estimated that there are only 61 impact evaluations globally on programmes with peacebuilding outcomes. In other domains such as health or education there are hundreds and thousands of such impact evaluations, which highlights the clear need for more impact evaluations in peacebuilding." (Executive summary) more

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The Audience-Centred Approach to Media Policymaking: A Critical Analysis of the South African Press Freedom Commission as a Participatory Process of Review

Julie Reid

African Journalism Studies, volume 38, issue 3-4 (2017), pp. 74-99

"This article presents and makes a case for the audience-Centred approach to media policymaking and research, and situates this discussion within the South African revision of the regulatory mechanism for the press. In South Africa the press accountability mechanism, the Press Council of South Afric ... more

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Changes in Journalism in Two Post-Authoritarian Non-Western Countries

Levi Obijiofor, Richard Murray, Shailendra B. Singh

International Communication Gazette, volume 79, issue 4 (2017), pp. 379-399

"There have been significant changes in journalistic practices in various countries over the years. Yet little is known about the nature of changes in journalism in transitional developing countries following military rule. Drawing on email surveys of journalists in Nigeria and Fiji, two countries w ... more

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Country Reports 2016

Celia Collins (ed.)

Pan African Media Research Organization (PAMRO) (2017), 253 pp.

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Intermediality of Images: A Semiotic Analysis of the ‘Occupy Nigeria Protest’ Images on Social Media

Nura Ibrahim

Journal of African Media Studies, volume 9, issue 1 (2017), pp. 33-48

"The protests that took place in Nigeria due to removal of fuel subsidy by the Jonathan administration in January 2012, tagged ‘Occupy Nigeria Protest’, have been labelled the social media revolution by the conventional media commentators in the country. For the first time in the history of the ... more

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Journalists and Political Sources in Nigeria: Between Information Subsidies and Political Pressures

Rodney Ciboh

International Journal of Press/Politics, volume 22, issue 2 (2017), pp. 185-201

"The relationship between journalists and political sources has been characterized by a tug of war between reporters and officials where top politicians have the upper hand in the coproduction of news through their ability to provide critical information subsidies that most news media rely on. The d ... more

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Journalists’ Development Journalism Role Perceptions: Select Countries in Southeast Asia, South Asia, and Sub-Saharan Africa

Yusuf Kalyango et al.

Journalism Studies, volume 18, issue 5 (2017), pp. 576-594

"Development journalism remains an important concept in the journalism studies literature, but it has, at the same time, suffered from a lack of empirical research. Drawing on a survey of 2598 journalists from eight South Asian, Southeast Asian, and sub-Saharan African countries, which was conducted ... more

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Beyond the Hype: Mobile Phones and the Web to Improve Agricultural Value Chains
Inspiring Practice

Paul Mundy, Benjamin Kwasi Addom, Krishan Bheenick

Wageningen: Centre for Agricultural and Rural Cooperation (CTA) (2017), 16 pp.

"CTA’s ICT4Ag project (2014–15) enabled seven organisations in Africa and the Caribbean to develop, test and promote information services for smallscale farmers and fishers, traders and lobbying groups. Key recommendations: Understanding users’ needs requires intensive interaction with potenti ... more

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Die Spitze des Eisbergs: Spendenwerbung der internationalen Hilfsorganisationen - Kritik und Alternativen

Initiative Schwarze Menschen in Deutschland (ISD);Glokal e.V. (2017), 35 pp.

"Das berüchtigte Bild des hungernden, nackten, ungeschützten Kindes ist ein Leitmotiv in der humanitären Hilfe, das bis heute kollektive und individuelle Vorstellungswelten im Globalen Norden formt. Die Bilderwelten, die die Krisen im Globalen Süden porträtieren, sind geprägt von einer kolonia ... more

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Formation of Citizenship Through Radio Talk Participation in Kenya

Joyce Omwoha

Journal of African Media Studies, volume 9, issue 1 (2017), pp. 181-194

"This article aims at investigating the relationship between the concept of mediated citizenship and participation through radio talk deliberation. It intends to offer an analysis of the content mediated through public discourses by determining the way in which participants draw their identities thr ... more

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The Political Economy of Climate Change Reporting in Nigeria

nnaEmeka Meribe

African Journalism Studies, volume 38, issue 1 (2017), pp. 40-65

"While scholarly inquiries into the coverage of climate change in Africa are growing, there appears to be a dearth of studies focusing on how the political economy shapes the coverage. This qualitative study addresses this gap by exploring how vested interests, corruption and declining advertising r ... more

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Makutano Junction: A Village Soap Opera for Kenyan TV. An Interview with Producer and Mediae.org Director and Co-Founder David Campbell

Ben Stringer, David Campbell

Architecture and Culture, volume 5, issue 1 (2017), pp. 99-113

"Makutano Junction is an ‘edutainment’ soap opera made for local TV stations in Kenya and other East African countries. The show is about a fictional peri-urban village and the people who live in it. The program is made in Kenya, but was devised and is produced by Mediae, a UK based company that ... more

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Mamas in the Newsroom: Women’s Journalism Against Sexual Violence in Eastern Congo

Elisa García-Mingo

Journal of African Media Studies, volume 9, issue 1 (2017), pp. 215-227

"This article analyses the performance and professional culture of journalists in situations of armed conflict, based on the results of research using qualitative techniques and conducted in the eastern Democratic Republic of Congo (2008–09) and Europe (2010–14), focusing on the case of the Cong ... more

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Political Communication in Africa

Ayo Olukotun, Sharon Adetutu Omotoso (eds.)

Cham: Springer (2017), xv, 246 pp.

"This book offers a comprehensive account of the nature and development of political communication in Africa. In light of the growing number of African states now turning towards democratic rule, as well as the growing utilization of information technologies in Africa, the contributors examine topic ... more

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From Conventional Towards New Frames of Peace Journalism: The Cases of Uganda and Burundi

William Tayeebwa

In: Peace, Security and Post-Conflict Reconstruction in the Great Lakes Region of Africa

Tukumbi Lumumba-Kasongo; Joseph Gahama (eds.)

Dakar: CODESRIA (2017), pp. 209-236

"The main task of the study was to evaluate, from the perspective of Burundian (n=58) and Ugandan (n=183) journalists the feasibility of making operational the normative frames of peace reporting as expounded by peace journalism scholars against the more entrenched news frames that favour conflict o ... more

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(Re)imagining African Independence: Film, Visual Arts and the Fall of the Portuguese Empire

Maria do Carmo Piçarra, Teresa Castro (eds.)

Oxford et al.: Peter Lang (2017), xvi, 287 pp.

"The fortieth anniversary of the independence of the African countries colonized by Portugal presents a valuable opportunity to reassess how colonialism has been «imagined» through the medium of the moving image. The essays collected in this volume investigate Portuguese colonialism and its filmic ... more

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Pathways to Media Reform in Sub-Saharan Africa: Reflections from a Regional Consultation
Top Insights

Herman Wasserman, Nicholas Benequista

Washington, DC: Center for International Media Assistance (CIMA) (2017), 25 pp.

"To ensure that African media organizations remain viable players in this changing political and economic landscape, new coalitions need to be built and existing ones strengthened. The existing coalitions in the region display certain weaknesses: they tend to be unevenly spread across the region and ... more

Beyond the Hype: Mobile Phones and the Web to Improve Agricultural Value Chains Inspiring Practice

Pathways to Media Reform in Sub-Saharan Africa: Reflections from a Regional Consultation Top Insights

Beyond the Hype: Mobile Phones and the Web to Improve Agricultural Value Chains
Inspiring Practice

Pathways to Media Reform in Sub-Saharan Africa: Reflections from a Regional Consultation
Top Insights