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Countering Fake News: A Comparison of Possible Solutions Regarding User Acceptance and Effectiveness

Jan Kirchner, Christian Reuter
Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction, issue CSCW2, Article 140 (2020), 27 pp.
"This work takes a user-centered approach on means to counter identified mis- and disinformation in social media. We conduct a three-step study design on how approaches in social media should be presented to respect the users’ needs and experiences and how effective they are. As our first step, in ... more
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Information Seeking and Communication During Forced Migration: An Empirical Analysis of Refugees’ Digital Media Use and its Effects on Their Perceptions of Germany as Their Target Country

Martin Emmer, Marlene Kunst, Carola Richter
Global Media and Communication, volume 16, issue 2 (2020), pp. 167-186
"There is a common perception that ‘every refugee carries a smartphone’, but research on this phenomenon is limited. We conducted a representative survey of 400 refugees to Germany which provides insight into their use of digital media in preparation for and during forced migration. We also aske ... more
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Fake News Addicts: How Disinformation and its Mongers Strive in Ukraine 2020

Andriy Yurichko
Potsdam: Friedrich Naumann Foundation (2020), 10 pp.
"As we can see, disinformation can be spread by ordinary responsible individuals with good intentions as well as by, dare I say, entire bot nations consisting of millions of active bot accounts that reach all possible audiences of any age, gender, and interests. And for any audiences that haven't be ... more
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Pillars of Russia's Disinformation and Propaganda Ecosystem

Washington, DC: U.S. Department of State (2020), 76 pp.
"Russia has operationalized the concept of perpetual adversarial competition in the information environment by encouraging the development of a disinformation and propaganda ecosystem that allows for varied and overlapping approaches that reinforce each other even when individual messages within the ... more
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Supporting Quality Journalism through Media and Information Literacy

Martina Chapman, Markus Oermann
Strasbourg: Council of Europe (2020), 66 pp.
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Gleichstellung der Geschlechter und Förderung der Vielfalt im europäischen audiovisuellen Sektor: Handbuch bewährter Praktiken

Daphne Tepper
Association of Commercial Television in Europe (ACT); Verband der europäischen Radios (AER), Europäische Rundfunkunion (EBU), Europäischer Verband für audiovisuelle Produktion (CEPI), Europäischer Journalistenverband (EFJ), Internationaler Verband der Schauspieler (FIA), Internationaler Verband der Filmproduzentenverbände (FIAPF), Internationaler Verband der Musiker (FIM), UNI Europa - Medien, Unterhaltung & Kunst (EURO-MEI) (2020), 79 pp.
"Das Spektrum der Maßnahmen, die Sozialpartner und Interessenvertreter des audiovisuellen Sektors ergreifen können, um die Gleichstellung der Geschlechter und die Vielfalt zu verbessern, ist breit. Von ehrgeizigen Strategien und Plänen bis hin zu kleineren Initiativen, die sich direkt auf die Arb ... more
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La distribution en France des films d'Afrique sud saharienne francophone

Patricia Caillé, Claude Forest
Présence Francophone: Revue Internationale de langue et de littérature, volume 95, issue 1 (2020), 23 pp.
"Depuis leur apparition apres les independances politiques, les films realises par les Africains originaires des anciennes colonies françaises subsahariennes ont ete tres peu diffuses dans les salles de l'ancienne metropole. A de tres rares exceptions pres, ils ont egalement tres peu ete vus par le ... more
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Fake News und Desinformation: Herausforderungen für die vernetzte Gesellschaft und die empirische Forschung

Ralf Hohlfeld, Michael Harnischmacher, Elfi Heinke, Lea Sophia Lehner, Michael Sengl (eds.)
Baden-Baden: Nomos (2020), 361 pp.
"Desinformation ist eine Konstante der politischen Kommunikation. Doch mit der Wahl Donald Trumps zum Präsidenten der Vereinigten Staaten und der Brexit-Abstimmung in Großbritannien erhielten bewusst lancierte Falschnachrichten eine neue gesellschaftliche Bedeutung. Denn nun wurde sichtbar, welche ... more
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Gender and the Media in the Western Balkans

Huma Haider
Brighton, UK: Institute of Development Studies (IDS) (2020), 42 pp.
"This rapid literature review explores the role that media in the Western Balkans plays in issues of gender (in)equality. The countries discussed are Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH), Croatia, Kosovo, North Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia [...] While there is a body of literature that discusses a ... more
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Models of Governance of Online Hate Speech

Alexander Brown
Council of Europe (2020), 198 pp.
"For some users the current Internet epoch can be considered the Internet of Hate which poses serious human rights concerns. Reflecting the scale and seriousness of the problem, innovations in governance tools for online hate have been initiated by national governments, intergovernmental organisatio ... more
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Koloniales Denken weit verbreitet: "Afrika" in den deutschen Medien

Marcel Kolvenbach
Forum Weltkirche, volume 139, issue 4 (2020), pp. 12-17
"Ein Blick in die Archive zeigt: die Berichterstattung in deutschen Medien über das südliche Afrika während der Apartheid wurde fast zwei Jahrzehnte lang von der südafrikanischen Propaganda gesteuert. Das verstärkte ein koloniales Afrikabild und hat Folgen bis heute." (Seite 12)
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How the British Media Reports on Terrorism

Faisal Hanif
Centre for Media Monitoring (2020), 202 pp.
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Media Incubator for the Western Balkans Pilot Project: Evaluation Report

Ivana Kahrmann
Free Press Unlimited (2020), 67 pp.
"FPU’s implementation approach emphasizes the value of forming true partnerships with local implementers to co-develop project plans and build capacity. This approach led to FPU being perceived by its partners as a refreshingly different type of partner that takes a novel approach in its project i ... more
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Russische Medien in Deutschland: Wie der russische Informationskrieg und Desinformation Einfluss auf Deutschland ausüben

Susanne Spahn
Potsdam: Friedrich Naumann Foundation (2020), 27 pp.
"In Deutschland wollen RT Deutsch, Sputnik mit SNARadio, Ruptly und die neuen Internet-Firmen Maffick Media und Redfish eine Gegenöffentlichkeit zu den aus ihrer Sicht manipulierten deutschen Medien schaffen. Dabei präsentieren sie sich als unabhängige Alternative. Dies entspricht aber nicht den ... more
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Mapping Fake News and Disinformation in the Western Balkans and Identifying Ways to Effectively Counter Them

Samuel Greene, Gregory Asmolov, Adam Fagan, Ofer Fridman, Borjan Gjuzelov
European Parliament, Directorate General for External Policies of the Union (2020), 101 pp.
"Disinformation is an endemic and ubiquitous part of politics throughout the Western Balkans, without exception. A mapping of the disinformation and counter-dis in for mation landscapes in the region in the period from 2018 through 2020 reveals three key disinformation challenges: external challenge ... more
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The Global E-waste Monitor 2020: Quantities, Flows, and the Circular Economy Potential

Vanessa Forti, Cornelis Peter Baldé, Ruediger Kuehr, Garam Bel
United Nations University (UNU); United Nations Institute for Training and Research (UNITAR); International Solid Waste Association (ISWA); ITU (2020), 119 pp.
"Higher levels of disposable incomes, growing urbanization and mobility, and further industrialization in some parts of the world are leading to growing amounts of EEE. On average, the total weight (excluding photovoltaic panels) of global EEE consumption increases annually by 2.5 million metric ton ... more
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Freedom on the Net 2020: The Pandemic's Digital Shadow
Deep Insights

Washington, DC: Freedom House (2020), 33 pp.
"Three notable trends punctuated an especially dismal year for internet freedom. First, political leaders used the pandemic as a pretext to limit access to information. Authorities often blocked independent news sites and arrested individuals on spurious charges of spreading false news. In many plac ... more
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Council Conclusions on Media Literacy in an Ever-Changing World

Council of the European Union
Official Journal of the European Union, issue C193 (2020), pp. 23-28
"The Council of the European Union [...] invites the Commission and member states, within their areas of competence and in due compliance with the principle of subsidiarity, to: 42. continue and undertake further efforts in terms of a systematic, comprehensive and cross-sectoral approach to developi ... more
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China’s Soft Power in Southeast Europe

Plamen Tonchev
Sarajevo: Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung (FES) (2020), 25 pp.
"China does not seem to have a regional soft-power strategy and prefers bilateral relations with SEE countries. Institutional ties take the shape of Friendship Associations, business bodies or twinning agreements which, however, rarely live up to expectations. Scientific cooperation between numerous ... more
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The Media and the Culture of Remembrance: Brief Remarks After the Discussion on the Media Role in the Culture of Remembrance in Bosnia-Herzegovina

Lejla Turcilo, Adnan Rondic
Sarajevo: Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung (FES) (2020), 5 pp.