"The work in this report and that found in the International Woman’s Media Foundation / Africa Woman’s Media Centre report, Deadline for Health (2004), provide us with the only insight into malaria reporting in African contexts. Both are baseline studies made prior to journalists training interv
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entions and draw similar conclusions about the priority placed on HIV/AIDS reporting to the detriment of malaria coverage. This report goes beyond the work of the IWMF / AWMC to include the perspectives of malaria professionals and an examination of the rhetorical devices used in malaria reporting. This report outlines the results of a survey of a sample of journalists, chief editors, managing directors of major media houses and experts involved in malaria control in Kenya and the Gambia in 2005. A qualitative study of six months of newspaper reporting in three main papers in Kenya was also undertaken and the results discussed in relation to the survey results. The survey found that media professionals recognise malaria as an important health topic worthy of media attention. The majority of Gambian journalists, chief editors and MDs ranked malaria first followed by HIV/AIDS. In Kenya media personnel selected HIV/AIDS as the health issue that deserved most media coverage followed by malaria. Media people in both countries stated that HIV/AIDS dominates reporting and that malaria deserves more attention than it currently received. Issues such as maternal child health and TB received a relatively low rating in comparison. There is strong media commitment to malaria reporting as shown by the survey, however stories and programmes on the subject are usually the product of a journalists own interest, rather than a concerted effort on the part of editors and reporters. Malaria stories compete for space and time with the other issues of the day. No media houses have designated health desks, specialised health reporters or supportive editorial policy. Documented evidence of editorial guidelines was found for only one media house in Kenya." (Executive summary)
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"Im Oktober 1935 marschierten italienische Truppen in Äthiopien ein, um das afrikanische Land brutal zu unterwerfen; Ende 1937 begingen Soldaten des mit Deutschland verbündeten Japan ein Massaker im chinesischen Nanking. Diese imperialen Exzesse waren für viele Afrikaner und Asiaten mehr als nur
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Vorboten eines grausamen, weltumspannenden Krieges. Nach dem deutschen Überfall auf Polen und dem Kriegsbeginn in Europa bezogen die Alliierten ihre Kolonien in den Zweiten Weltkrieg ein. Zu den Befreiern vom Faschismus zählten Kolonialsoldaten aus allen Teilen Afrikas, sowie Inder, Pazifikinsulaner, Araber, Mexikaner, Brasilianer, Aborigines und Maori. Nach dem Krieg geriet das Schicksal dieser Menschen in Vergessenheit. Dieses aufwendig recherchierte Buch, in dem zahlreiche Zeitzeugen und Veteranen aus allen Kontinenten zu Wort kommen, lenkt den Blick auf Aspekte und Auswirkungen des Zweiten Weltkriegs, die in der westlichen Geschichtsschreibung bislang meist nur eine untergeordnete Rolle spielen." (Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung)
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"The Uganda Nutrition and Early Childhood Development Project was one of DevComm’s first projects to demonstrate the value-added of strategic communication. The strategic communication component developed for this project included the use of formative research about values and attitudes with respe
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ct to child rearing, in order to develop and test effective messages. The communication strategy was developed in a highly participatory manner and included nurturing a team of champions for the project among policymakers, district officials, community leaders, and grassroots organizations to advocate for the project. It also included two-way communication activities developed to address the practices and behaviors that would need to be changed in order for the project to be successful, rather than merely disseminating messages based on assumptions of project benefits." (Back cover)
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"L'enquête sur l'audience 2003 – 2004 fait suite aux précédentes enquêtes, menées en 1997 et en 1998 dans le cadre du programme de coopération Madagascar– UNICEF. Elle consiste à mettre à jour les données issues des précédentes enquêtes, mais également à identifier les canaux de co
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mmunication les plus efficaces pour transmettre les messages. Sans prétendre à la perfection, la présente étude permet ainsi d'ouvrir de nouvelles pistes de recherche pour la communication à Madagascar et de connaître la perception par la population de ses différents canaux (audio-visuel, presse écrite, etc)." (Preface)
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"An analysis of the book markets in Kenya, providing general background, details of the education system, together with overviews of the general, academic and professional, and school book markets, and supported by a wide range of appendices and tables." (Hans M. Zell, Publishing, Books & Reading in
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Sub-Saharan Africa, 3d ed. 2008, nr. 589)
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"This report provides an overview of immunization communication and describes how to maximize its contribution to immunization programs in developing countries. The discussion and examples focus on communication’s place within immunization planning, activities, and partnerships, based on lessons l
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earned from behavior-centered analyses and programming. A detailed case study of Madagascar’s immunization communication activities is provided as an example of country implementation." (Abstract)
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"For a long period, Sida has been the main donor for textbook production and distribution in Tanzania. After several years of stagnation in the sector (despite generous support), the shortage of textbooks in schools had become alarming, and the Government of Tanzania (GoT) and Sida agreed upon a new
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start. The New Textbook Policy (of 1991) abolished the state monopoly in textbook production, and a new curriculum for primary school was ready to be launched. Accordingly, there was a need for new textbooks in all subjects. In addition, the former single-textbook system was to be replaced by a multitextbook system, with free choice of textbooks in school (in accordance with the New Textbook Policy). The Pilot Project for Publishing (PPP), 1993-2000, was started as an instrument for implementing the new policy and helping to strengthen the textbook sub-sector. The main aim was to smooth the transition from monopoly to market system in the textbook sector. Thus, the task of the PPP was to transfer responsibility for textbook publishing and distribution step-by-step to local commercial publishers and booksellers. The overall objective of the project was to find new ways to improve the quality of education. The private actors that were introduced into and involved in the project were intended to achieve supply of cheap and good quality textbooks. The purpose of this evaluation is to show whether and, if so, how the quality, availability and cost of school textbooks have been improved by the PPP." (Executive summary, page vii)
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"The growth of educational publishing in Kenya depends heavily on the disposable income of its customers. This article looks at the incomes of both actual and potential customers, and how they prioritize their spending. The findings are based on extensive research carried out by the author between 1
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997 and 2000 (see also entry 624 above), revised and updated in 2003. In selecting the areas to conduct the research, socio-economic factors, geographical conditions and level of development were considered. It was found that most textbook purchasers think that textbooks are very expensive in comparison with their income levels. The study also demonstrated that the rate at which textbook prices increase is higher than the increase in income levels, and, as a result, there will always be a shortage of textbooks in schools, and in the homes of consumers as they will always choose their own priorities: "Textbooks will always be the last of the priorities of most Kenyans, as they will search for the essential commodities of life first. Although the government is planning to purchase textbooks for primary schools, the problem will still persist as the books bought for use in schools will be only the recommended textbooks, while parents will still be buying supplementary textbooks." (Hans M. Zell, Publishing, Books & Reading in Sub-Saharan Africa, 3d ed. 2008, nr. 625)
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"Since September 11, 2001, and the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq, many television viewers in the United States have become familiar with Al Jazeera as offering an alternative take on events from that presented by mainstream U.S. media, as well as disseminating anti-American invective. Westerners have
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tended toward simplistic views of Arab newspapers, radio, and television, assuming that they are all under government control and that freedom of press is non-existent. William A. Rugh, a long time observer of the Arab mass media, offers a more nuanced picture of the Arab press as it relates to the political situation in the Arab world today. Although governmental influence over the media is stronger in the Middle East than in Europe or the United States, Rugh argues that there is more diversity in the Arab media than most people in the West realize. In reality, the Arab media are coming to reflect the diversity and wide range of opinions of those within the Arab world itself. In particular, the advent of privately owned Arab satellite television in the 1990s has led to significant liberalization of the media throughout the region. Rugh concludes that a democracy of ideas and voices is slowly growing in the Arab world, and he remains guardedly optimistic about the positive role the Arab media can play in processes of democratization and nation-building." (Publisher description)
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"Oft setzen wichtige Veränderungen in so genannten Randbereichen, also außerhalb der Mainstream-Medien, ein und werden schon deshalb nicht genügend wahrgenommen. Eine Schlussfolgerung, die ich aus meiner Arbeit ziehe, ist, dass der von ›Rändern‹ ausgehenden Dynamik, gerade auch in der Entwic
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klung multilingualer Formate, erhöhte Aufmerksamkeit gebührt. Solche Dyna miken sind nicht zuletzt außerhalb der westlichen Welt zu beobachten, die in Theoriebildung und Methoden der Kommunikationsforschung noch zu oft als verbindlicher Maßstab herangezogen wird. Aus Sicht der Zentren kann beispielsweise, was auf dem informellen Sektor passiert, ebenso unterschätzt werden wie der (sprachenpolitische) Impakt, den internationale Dienste wie BBC, Voice of America oder Radio France Internationale in verschiedenen ›lokalen‹ Kontexten rund um die Welt besitzen. Meine Arbeit versteht sich als Aufforderung, sich gerade solcher blinder Flecken vermehrt wissenschaftlich anzunehmen. Aus den in diesem Buch bearbeiteten Beispielen wird erkennbar, dass eine gewisse Tendenz zu einer größeren Sichtbarkeit gesellschaftlicher Mehrsprachigkeit in Medien besteht. Die Entwicklung multilingualer Formate ist zwar für den Moment v. a. in solchen Situationen zu beobachten, wo bewusste Sprachenpolitik im Medienbereich betrieben wird. Sie kommt aber auch in wenig reglementierten Medienbereichen zum Vorschein und kann von dort langsam in den Mainstream vordringen." (Schlussfolgerungen und Ausblick, Seite 279-280)
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