"This paper derives from a seminar on Media Development and OSCE field missions, which was organised by Press Now and the Netherlands Helsinki Committee, and hosted by the Netherlands Foreign Ministry in The Hague on 16 June 2005. These remarks convey the summary thoughts and practical recommendatio
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ns that emerged at the seminar, together with our own conclusions as moderators of the event. They amplify the analysis and recommendations offered in Press Now’s 2004 report on media development by selected OSCE missions. Introduction: OSCE missions have done excellent work in media development. At the same time, limited resources have not always been well used. Lessons can be learned from the experiences of a decade and turned into practical proposals. Missions are affected by many variables largely or even fully beyond their control, including but not limited to their mandates, the situation in their host countries (political, military/security, economic, cultural), the level of international interest in their activity, and their staffing. Nevertheless, we believe it has been demonstrated again and again that media development – apart from its importance in its own right – is also a litmus test of a host government’s commitment to other democratisation and liberalisation efforts, and an enabler of such reforms." (Conclusions, page 6)
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"Since independence in 1991, the Central Asian republics to varying degrees have given lip service to democratization and the recognition of free press and political rights. However, the reality has been dramatically different under all five authoritarian regimes. That reality includes limits or ban
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s on opposition parties, as well as elections that are neither fair nor free. Most mass media entities remain state-owned or tightly controlled, and there is pervasive censorship, self-censorship, harassment, and intimidation of individual journalists and their media organizations. One result is inadequate, shallow reporting about political, press, and speech rights and controversies. Western-based Web news sites provide alternative venues for some. Central Asian journalists to independently cover such issues. This study analyzes the coverage of political, press, and speech rights news on three such sites: Eurasianet, IRIN News, and the Institute for War and Peace Reporting. It examines the topics covered, the degree to which these stories use unnamed and named sources, and the proportion of journalists writing under pseudonyms. It concludes that even journalists reporting on these issues for Western-based media operate under tight constraints, including the risk of official retaliation." (Abstract)
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"This study investigates the role of Turkish commercial local radio in the construction of a youth community in the city of Sanliurfa, which is located in the poor rural south-eastern region near the Syrian border. Through in-depth interviews with radio listeners and analysis of their interactions v
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ia radio, this article also examines young people’s attempts to overcome traditional restrictions and social norms through talk radio. By doing so, this study aims to highlight the social role of radio, which is often underestimated in media studies, and to challenge western-centric scholarship on talk radio, which ignores talk radio’s role in community formation. By drawing on Downing’s concept of ‘radical media’, Atton’s definition of ‘alternative media’, and Couldry’s theorization of the ‘symbolic hierarchy of media power’, this study will discuss why some local commercial stations in Sanliurfa function as alternative media for the Turkish youth and how they cross the boundary between the ‘media’ and ‘ordinary’ worlds to create a space for themselves." (Abstract)
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"This report represents the first attempt by a nongovernmental organisation (NGO) to appraise the media-development work of OSCE in the field. It is the outcome of a project designed by Press Now, an NGO based in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. For the past decade, Press Now has assisted media in the co
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untries of the Balkans and Eastern Europe, working with funds from the Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Dutch Ministry of Education, Culture a nd Science, and the European Agency for Reconstruction, as well as from other governments and private donors. With its experience of cooperating with many OSCE field missions and offices, Press Now believes that the importance of the OSCE’s activities in media development merit this methodical survey. Despite many differences in mandate, resources and context, the OSCE operations analysed in this report reveal a number of distinctive achievements and patterns. Unless these patterns are more widely discussed, there is a risk that the OSCE will not draw the lessons that are offered by its own experience. Press Now hopes that this report will help to catalyse such discussion." (Preface, page 5)
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"Community radio stations can monitor and evaluate their health and social development programming despite being small, with limited funds. That's the message of an evaluation and monitoring Toolbox created especially for a UNICEF-supported youth radio project in Kyrgyzstan. The 'Healthy Airwaves fo
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r Youth' project (HAFY) is a health communication strategy to minimise risk behaviours amongst Kyrgyz youth aged 10-19 years. HAFY, which was initiated in 2002, aims to increase the level of knowledge and awareness of the dangers of HIV/AIDS/STI, drug use and reproductive health among young people in five rural and remote regions of Kyrgyzstan: Batken, Osh, Naryn, Karabalta and Karakol. The radio stations working within the HAFY network are directly involving young people as message-makers through community-based participatory health-promoting radio programming. The need of a toolbox for monitoring and evaluating the impact of HAFY radio programmes was identified during a 7-day intensive training workshop conducted by Health Communication Resources (HCR) from Australia on 'Radio Programming for Health Promotion'. HAFY partners were involved in further workshops facilitated by HCR in Kyrgyzstan in 2003 where the scope of the Toolbox was framed and HAFY-specific resources were developed. The result is a 106-page Toolbox created by HCR with guidelines, examples and templates that match the reality and cost-effective needs of HAFY's radio stations. HAFY partners do not have a great deal of experience in evaluation, have limited funds and rely on volunteers and the pooled resources of local community organisations. Marianne Ohlers, Programme Officer of UNICEF in Kyrgyzstan said, "The Toolbox is not meant to comprehensively evaluate all activities undertaken by HAFY but it does give guidelines on planning and evaluation, writing objectives, setting indicators for evaluation, sampling procedures, designing evaluation tools, and gathering data, analysing it and reporting it." Ms. Ohlers said, "While the Toolbox is designed for the specific use of the radio stations involved in the HAFY project in Kyrgyzstan I trust that it can guide and inspire other community-based radio stations working to reduce risk behaviours among young people and other vulnerable groups." (Press release)
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