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New Developments in Central Asian Mass Media Research

Eric Freedman, Richard Shafer

Central Asia and the Caucasus, volume 12, issue 4 (2011), pp. 128-143

"This wide range of contemporary mass media research illustrates how Central Asia press outlets remain tightly controlled and manipulated, first under the czars, then under the Soviets, and now under authoritarian regimes. Over the past two decades, the press systems have not achieved even minimal d ... emocratization and independence by international standards. Perhaps the Internet and other technologies will have a better chance of circumventing censors and the economic obstacles that deny the great mass of Central Asians the ability to participate in a useful dialog leading to more transparent and participatory governance. Several overarching observations emerge from this synthesized examination of recent research. The five separate press systems that replaced the single Soviet system share many commonalities, although significant differences also exist. These studies indicate varying but not decisive degrees of external influences from multi-governmental entities, media-building foundations, and promoters of civil society; such influences on Central Asian media development originate with mostly Western-based journalism and mass media trainers. Another observation concerns regimes’ use and abuse of laws to control information about public affairs and public issues. That pattern evident from several studies reflects a disconnect between constitutional and statutory guarantees of press freedom on one side and actual threats to those guarantees on the other side due to libel and “honor and dignity” suits, criminal prosecutions, and tightening regulation of the Internet. Examined collectively, these studies suggest the following obstacles to democratic and independent media development in Central Asia: strict governmental and extra-governmental restraints on the press, regardless of the type of medium—print, broadcast, or Internet; inadequate professional training, leadership, resources, financial incentives, and ethical standards for journalists and prospective journalists; limitations on the ability of domestic and international press and human rights defenders to compel changes in policies and laws; insufficient market resources to create and sustain independent news organizations; and a resulting lack of credibility and public trust in the press." (Summary and conclusions, page 142) more

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Media Policy Paradigm Shift in Turkey: Rethinking Neo-Authoritarian Media Systems in the Age of Neo Liberalism

Serhat Ahmet Kaymas

Acta Universitatis Danubius. Communicatio, volume 5, issue 1 (2011), pp. 40-69

"This article has aimed to open a discussion on the rethinking a neo authoritarian media system in the age of neo liberalism as a case of Turkey’s media experiences. In this context, this study deals with the media policy paradigm shift in the Republic of Turkey since 1980s. According to a recent ... report of the European Journalism Centre (2010:4); although in the wake of a recent democratization wave in the country, there have been some positive elements in the media such as sporadic emergence of some critical perspectives even in some notoriously biased media outlets, which may change this bleak picture, the structural factors which shape the media practices (ownership concentration, working conditions of the journalist, etc) are too rigid and therefore it is too early to become optimistic. In this context, some aspects of these democratization processes are taken from the candidacy of European Union. Despite these positive developments in the doorstep of the European Union, Turkey’s media experience is heavily based on ownership structure and journalistic routines are far away from the democratic media system. Therefore, Turkey’s media experiences are characterised as a sample of neo authoritarian media system with ongoing media policy transformations, for instance privatization of media companies as much as possible, breaking monopolies and the fundamental change of the public broadcasting service is in the context of media policy. This observable change depends on the two overlapping development in Turkey’s democracy. On the one hand, the landscape of national media spaces has been affected by the political and economical conditions; especially after the two financial crashes (in 2000 and 2001) Turkey’s media has followed a re-structure by means of ownership and control. On the other hand, Turkey’s media experiences have been affected by governmental changes. Before the economic crises Turkey’s democracy was governed by a coalition and after the economic crises Turkey’s government changed by the national elections in 2002. Thus this article seeks to answer two interrelated questions: Where does press freedom stand in Turkey decades after the Justice and Development Party’s policies began? And what does Turkey’s media transformation tell us about our understanding of mass political media systems? In this study by using comparative analysis, and incorporating political science literature that offers typologies of non democratic systems of governance, this article demonstrates that contemporary Turkey’s media find much in common with authoritarian regimes across the world and are not sui generis as some have argued." (Abstract) more

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The Power of Global Community Media
Inspiring Practice

Linda K. Fuller (ed.)

New York: Palgrave Macmillan, revised paperback ed. (2011), xix, 272 pp.

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People, Politics and Change: Building Communication Capacity for Governance Reform
Key Guidance

Cecilia Cabañero-Verzosa, Helen R. Garcia (eds.)

Washington, DC: World Bank (2011), viii, 465 pp.

"This is an applied facilitator’s guide for reform managers, change agents, development practitioners, and training professionals who need to use smart communication techniques—the relevant concepts, frameworks and applications—to promote change through governance reform. It is grounded on the ... more

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Analyzing Taliban Taranas (chants): An Effective Afghan Propaganda Artifact

Thomas H. Johnson, Ahmad Waheed

Small Wars & Insurgencies, volume 22, issue 1 (2011), pp. 3-31

"This article describes and analyzes a little understood Afghan Taliban propaganda tool: chants or taranas. These melodic refrains effectively use historical narratives, symbology, and iconic portraits. The chants are engendered in emotions of sorrow, pride, desperation, hope, and complaints to mobi ... more

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The Practice of Public Diplomacy: Confronting Challenges Abroad

William A. Rugh

New York: Palgrave Macmillan (2011), xviii, 262 pp.

"Relying heavily on scores of first-hand accounts collected through interviews, the studies examine the practice of public diplomacy largely from the perspective of American practitioners in different countries. The analyses follow the standard field officer approach, asking systematically: what iss ... more

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After the Czars and Commissars: Journalism in Authoritarian Post-Soviet Central Asia

Eric Freedman, Richard Shafer (eds.)

East Lansing: Michigan State University Press (2011), 299 pp.

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Turkish Journalists and Ethical Self-Reflection Through Online Training

Mine Gencel Bek

In: Journalism Education, Training and Employment

Bob Franklin; Donica Mensing (eds.)

New York; London: Routledge (2011), pp. 112-129

"This chapter examines whether training Turkish journalists using online training modules offered by the BBC, increased their awareness of ethical editorial issues. It also discusses the potential, as well as the obstacles, for establishing more democratic forms of journalism. The chapter begins by ... more

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Starting a Local Radio Station: A Manual for Afghanistan

Parisa Saadatmand-Zitouni (comp.)

Arcata, Calif; Washington, DC; Kabul: Internews;USAID;Pact (2011), 100 pp.

"This manual describes the process for starting a local radio station—the organization of community support and planning, equipment needs, programming strategies, business growth and sustainability and journalistic ethics and standards. This manual does not insist that you follow a set of rules to ... more

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Compendium 2011: Community Radio Stations in India

Jayalakshmi Chittoor (ed.)

New Delhi: Commonwealth Educational Media Centre for Asia (CEMCA);Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (2011), 203 pp.

90 Indian community radio stations present their background, programming focuses, lessons learned and contact details.

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How Effective is Community Radio in Meeting the Needs of Remote Communities in Nepal? Case Study of Okhaldhunga, Nepal

Theodora Hannides

Oxford: Oxford Brookes University, Centre for Development and Emergency Practice (CENDEP), Master of Art in Development and Emergency Practice, Master Thesis (2011), 113 pp.

"The study uses qualitative and quantitative research to perform a community-based needs assessment. It highlights the underlying issues of a weak economy, infrastructure and caste system. It also highlights social and family networks that strengthen communities. The research then investigates how t ... more

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Community MHz: Assessing Community Radio Performance in Nepal. A Pilot Assessment of 15 Stations

Raghu Mainali (coord.)

Kathmandu: Community Radio Support Center (CRSC), Nepal Forum of Environmental Journalists (NEFEJ) (2011), 124 pp.

"This document reports on the pilot assessment of 15 community radio stations – or of radios that claim to be community radios – based on the Community Radio Performance Assessment System (CR-PAS) developed by the Community Radio Support Centre (CRSC) / Nepal Forum of Environmental Journalists ( ... more

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Möglichkeiten und Grenzen von Partizipation im indischen Community Radio

Julia Fröhlich

Köln: Universität Köln, Magisterarbeit (2011), 94 pp.

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National Consultation on Community Radio Policy

New Delhi: UNESCO (2011), 130 pp.

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Ground Realities: Community Radio in India

New Delhi: UNESCO (2011), 75 pp.

"The Government of India has recognized community radio through its guidelines in 2002 and amended guidelines in 2006. Yet, in the domain of community media, a large gap remains between policy and practice. Communities from the media dark regions of India continue to struggle to get their voices hea ... more

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Covering and Countering Extremism in Pakistan’s Developing Media

Hannah Byam, Christopher Neu

Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace (USIP) (2011), 3 pp.

"With a rise in terrorist activity spreading fear through highly publicized attacks, Pakistan’s media landscape has increasingly been used as a battleground between those seeking to promote violent conflict and others seeking to manage or deter it. Pakistan’s media community has not yet develope ... more

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South Asian Newspaper Directory 2011-2013

Chennai: WAN-IFRA South Asia (2011), 88 pp.

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Fundamentalism in the Modern World. Vol. 2: Fundamentalism and Communication: Culture, Media and the Public Sphere

Ulrika Mårtensson, Jennifer Bailey, Priscilla Ringrose, Asbjorn Dyrendal (eds.)

London; New York: Tauris (2011), xi, 349 pp.

"How does religious fundamentalism operate in modern global society? This two-volume series analyses the dynamics of fundamentalism and its relationship to the modern state, the public sphere and globalisation. This second volume explores the links between fundamentalism and communication: the rise ... more

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Negotiating Communication Rights: Case Studies from India

Pradip Ninan Thomas

New Delhi; Thousand Oaks: Sage (2011), xxi, 252 pp.

"This book, through five case studies in India, explores communication rights movements here. It encompasses pivotal areas of movements, such as, Right to Information, Free and Open Source Software, Women and Media, and Community Radio and Citizen Journalism. The complexity of specific agendas in In ... more

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Resource Book on Investigative Journalism

Colombo: Transparency International;Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung (FES) (2011), 92, xxxviii pp.

"This resource book is designed to walk the reporters, especially those in the regions, from the start to finish of an investigative journalism story or a project. By following the chapters in sequence, reporters and editors will learn how investigative reporting is different from conventional journ ... more

The Power of Global Community Media Inspiring Practice

People, Politics and Change: Building Communication Capacity for Governance Reform Key Guidance

The Power of Global Community Media
Inspiring Practice

People, Politics and Change: Building Communication Capacity for Governance Reform
Key Guidance