"This book not only offers a historical account of the struggle for community radio in India, but also provides a documentation of the efforts of non-governmental organisations (NGOs) and rural communities to realise the Brechtian mandate to use radio as a tool to build a robust civil society in the
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country, employing creative ways, in the absence of a licence to broadcast, to take their community audio programmes to the people. Work on this project started in 2000 around the time when Vinod Pavarala participated in the drafting of the now oft-quoted Pastapur Initiative on Community Radio Broadcasting along with representatives of NGOs, media activists, communication educators, journalists, and policymakers. The document articulated the need for using communication technologies for the empowerment of local communities and argued that people must have access to media not solely as receivers and consumers but as producers and contributors of media content. Taking into consideration the experiences and policy precedents from other democratic countries, the document appealed for broadcasting in India to be based on principles of ‘universal access, diversity, equitable resource allocation, democratisation of airwaves, and empowerment of historically disadvantaged sections of society.’ Since then, the inspiration we drew from this pronouncement took us to a number of villages in Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Gujarat and Jharkhand where exciting community radio projects, often referred to as the ‘Big Four’, have been attracting national and international attention. The palpable enthusiasm about the potential of community radio in India that we exude is an outcome of our interaction with the people who are part of these community radio initiatives." (Preface, page 12)
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"Headlines From the Heartland: Reinventing the Hindi Public Sphere is the first in-depth study of the ongoing newspaper revolution in the Hindi-speaking states of India. With improved literacy levels, communications and purchasing power, the circulation of Hindi newspapers has grown rapidly in small
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towns and rural areas. By focusing their content to serve a local readership, some multi-edition Hindi newspapers have risen to the top of the national readership charts. Against the backdrop of the relationship between press and society, author Sevanti Ninan describes the emergence of a local public sphere; reinvention of the public sphere by the new non-elite readership; the effect on politics, administration, and social activism; the consequences of making newspapers reader rather than editor-led; the democratization of the Hindi press with the advent of village-level citizen journalists; and the impact of caste and communalism on the Hindi press. Based on over 150 interviews with journalists, readers, publishers, politicians, administrators, and activists, as well as expert content analysis, this book tells the ongoing story of the press in the Hindi heartland." (Publisher description)
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"This paper provides an ethnograpic analysis of the relationship between theatre groups and donors/theatre groups and audiences that moves away from the national planning / social engineering vs domination/resistance frameworks to highlight what happens at the interface of the development encounter.
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It also considers the impact of foreign funding on Nepali theatre at large. The issues that I raise refer to urban professional / semi-professional actor's representations and experiences of doing social theatre." (Abstract)
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"1. There has been remarkable growth in both private and non-for-profit radio in Nepal since 1997: 216 licenses had been issued as of July 2007 with 78 FM stations broadcasting; of 93 licenses issued to non-profit groups, 31 were operational as of May 2007.
2. To its detriment, the FM radio sector h
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as and continues to be largely unplanned and unmanaged. There is technical congestion in the capital region and high redundancy of licensed services, even in some rural areas; there are major policy gaps and limited means to ensure accountability of broadcasters. The current system of regulation does little to promote a diversity of services or to ensure that broadcasters meet public needs or address national development priorities.
3. The application and practice of community radio principles is remarkably inconsistent. Many stations are community radios in name only. Community radio in Nepal is poorly defined and there is no policy framework to guide the development of the sector. Of particular concern are issues of limited ownership, ‘capture’ by the elite, poor representation of community groups, particularly on gender, caste and ethnic lines. There is a risk that community orientation and the focus on public interest programming will be weakened.
4. In spite of gaps, Nepal’s community radio sector possesses a certain maturity and sophistication. There are a large number of stations, increasingly coordinated. There are excellent practices in programming and community participation, many of which are being replicated. There are resource centres and support organizations with high capacity, both private and non-profit. There is an active national association of community stations." (Key findings, page 4-5)
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"According to the foreword, 'this manual is designed to accompany you in the demystification of each piece of equipment usually found in community radio stations'. This is exactly what the guide does. The first section provides an overview of all relevant technical questions to non-technicians, incl
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uding the functioning of radio waves, the setting up of a studio space, studio equipment, field recording equipment, transmission equipment, telecommunications and maintenance. The second section offers insights into the technical details of any kind of equipment by explaining the technical terms and concepts in an easy-to-understand language. Originally conceived for the specific context of India, this publication nevertheless serves as a helpful primer for local radio stations elsewhere." (CAMECO Update 2-2008)
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"This study is about Community Radio Madanpokhara (CRM) in Palpa district in Western Nepal. Initiated and managed by the local residents, CRM has been on the air on frequency modulation (FM) band serving 800,000 potential listeners in the region since 2000. Triangulating in-depth interviews, observa
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tions and an audience survey as methods, this research explores the nature and extent of the local residents’ participation in the communication process. The station, operating with a wide participation from its community members, has not only been successful in providing them with an access to much needed information and entertainment but has also, in fact, proved to be an important avenue for the local population to express their opinions and views as well as exchange feelings. An audience survey, conducted in January 2004, revealed that 80.8 percentage of the local respondents listen to their community radio station for information and entertainment. Community radio in the region not only took away listeners from the state owned radio station, it also added new listeners. Thus, operation of a community radio station is not about sharing power, but it is also about creating new power. CRM has increased access to information for a larger section of rural population previously not served or underserved by the state media or the capital based-elite media. If knowledge is power and democracy is more about decentralization of power, then community radio stations in Nepal are truly championing this cause by creating many centers of power in the nation by empowering those left behind in the process and by securing their active involvement. They are encouraging the dispossessed and the marginalized in breaking the ages-old culture of silence, and CRM is leading the way in this endeavor." (Abstract)
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"This is a series of five introductory booklets on how civil society, government, donor agencies, media and the United Nations can strengthen the community radio sector in India." (commbox)
"This paper presents preliminary findings from a multi-sited qualitative study of poverty and information and communication technologies (ICTs) in India, Indonesia Sri Lanka and Nepal. It draws upon data gathered by 12 ethnographic action researchers working across 15 community ICT initiatives. Thes
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e local, 'embedded researchers' are part of a larger international project called Finding a Voice: Making Technological Change Socially Effective and Culturally Empowering, which includes UNESCO (South Asia) and UNDP (Indonesia), in partnership with Queensland University of Technology, the University of Adelaide and Australian Research Council, along with numerous local and regional organisations." (Introduction)
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"In this handbook we aim to define the issues of corruption, put them into the context of Sri Lanka, and explore the media’s role in exposing corruption and encouraging accountability. We present and analyse the findings of our research into corruption investigative reporting (CIR) in the Sri Lank
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an media – the experiences of Sri Lankan reporters, how they perceive their role and responsibility when it comes to corruption. We define investigative journalism and explore the qualities, skills and tools that make a good investigative reporter. Case studies are integrated into the handbook to help illustrate corruption and CIR in action." (How to use this handbook)
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