Global South, Developing Countries
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Media in the Global South / Developing Countries
33
Book Aid, Book Publishing Assistance, Book Donations
21
Media Assistance: Journalism Education & Training
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Textbooks, Textbook Development, Publishing & Research
19
Educational Television
19
Development and Media
18
Media Assistance
16
Access to Internet & Digital Communications
15
News Agencies
14
Educational Radio Programmes
13
Book Publishing
11
World Information and Communication Order
10
UNESCO & IPDC Media Assistance
10
Digital Divide, Digital Inequalities
9
Media Freedom, Press Freedom
9
Media, Mass Media
9
Satellite Communication & Information Services
9
International Communication
8
Journalism Education & Training
8
Journalism
7
Associations & Networks of Journalists
7
Radio
7
Television
7
Agricultural Information & Extension
6
Cultural Domination, Media Imperialism, Cultural & Media Dependency
6
Digital Inclusion
6
ICTs and Development
6
Mobile Phone Use
5
Book Markets & Industries
5
Cinema in the Global South & Third Cinema
5
Development Assistance
5
Economic Development: Role of ICTs & Media
5
ICT Policies
5
Education and Communication / Media
5
Audiovisual Media in Education
5
Climate Change Communication, Climate Journalism
5
International News Flow
5
UNESCO
5
Journalists' Associations & Networks: International Cooperation & Assistance
5
Media & Communication Policies
5
Media Landscapes, Media Systems, Media Situation in General
5
Media Law & Regulation
5
Mobile Phones, Smartphones
5
Book Policies (National & International)
4
Children's Books & Literature
4
Development Education: Films
4
Intellectual Property
4
Community Radios
4
Nonprofit Organizations, NGOs
4
Regional Cooperation, South-South Collaboration
4
Development Communication, Communication for Development (C4D)
4
Development Journalism & Media Representation of Development Issues
4
E-Governance, E-Democracy
4
ICTs and Poverty Reduction
4
ICT Development Assistance
4
Libraries
4
Literacy, Literacy Campaigns, Postliteracy, Alphabetisation Policies
4
HIV / AIDS Communication
4
Developing Countries Reporting & Representation in Foreign / International Media
4
Foreign News, International News
4
Transnational Broadcasting, International Broadcasting
4
Indigenous Knowledge, Local Knowledge, Traditional Knowledge
4
Democracy / Democratization and Media
4
Governance & Accountability: Role of Media / Communication
4
Internet & ICTs in Rural Areas
4
Non-Western Communication Approaches
4
Agriculture & ICTs, e-Agriculture
3
Digital & Social Media Use, Internet Use
3
Copyright: Books
3
Scholarly Book Publishing, Academic Book Publishing
3
Cinema
3
Films
3
Transnational Film Co-Productions
3
Cybersecurity, Digital Safety, Privacy, Right to Privacy
3
Government Communication Strategies
3
Participatory Communication
3
Development Theories
3
North South Relations
3
Social Change & Media / Communication
3
Big Digital Platforms, Big Tech Companies
3
Open Access Publishing
3
Gender and ICTs / Internet
3
ICT Effects & Impact
3
Disinformation, Misinformation, Fake News
3
Countering Hate Speech, Disinformation & Propaganda
3
Digital Economies & Markets
3
Media Viability & Financial Sustainability
3
Media Assistance: Educational & Instructional Media
3
Ethics in Media & Communication
3
Decolonial & Non-Western Approaches
3
International Media & Communication Policies
3
Transnational & Comparative Communication Research
3
Investigative Journalism
3
Business & Economics Journalism
3
Poverty & Impoverished People: Reporting & Media Representation
3
Media Assistance: Law & Regulation, Media Policy Consultancies
3
Media Assistance: Television
3
Public Opinion
3
Scholarly Journals
3
Radio Engineering & Technologies
3
Media Effects
3
Research in Media & Communication
3
Science Communication & Research Dissemination
3
Society
3
Society & Media, Media Sociology
3
Informatics
3
Open Source Software
3
Telecommunications
3
Telecommunication Infrastructure
3
Postcolonial & Decolonial Communication Approaches
3
Access to Media & Information
2
Access to Public Information, Freedom of Information, Right to Information
2
Civic Engagement, Citizen Participation, Civil Society & Media
2
Gender Advocacy & Empowerment, Gender Mainstreaming
2
Digital & Social Media Use: Children
2
Digital & Social Media Use: Youth
2
Health Information Access & Use
2
Book Calculation & Pricing
2
Book Marketing, Branding & Promotion
2
Book Publishing in the Global South, Book Publishing & Development
2
Book Publishing Management
2
Book Trade & Distribution
2
Christian Book Publishing
2
Gender and Book Publishing
2
Transnational Book Publishing
2
Catholic Press
2
Comics, Cartoons, Caricatures
2
Christian Communication
2
Educational Films & Videos
2
Media Assistance: Film Funding
2
Plagiarism
2
Media Assistance: Freedom of Expression & Safety of Journalists
2
Press Freedom & Communication Rights Violations
2
Public Diplomacy, Cultural Diplomacy
2
Community Media
2
Media Assistance: Community Radios
2
Creative & Cultural Industries
2
Cultural Diversity
2
Culture (General)
2
Culture and Development
2
Reading Promotion
2
Developing Countries
2
Behaviour Change Communication
2
Communication for Social Change
2
Entertainment Education, Edutainment
2
Data Journalism, Computer-Assisted Investigative Reporting
2
Digital Criticism
2
Digital & Information Literacy
2
WeChat (Messaging, Social Media & Mobile Payment App, China)
2
Electronic Commerce
2
Digital Journalism, Online Journalism
2
Facebook
2
Social / Digital Media and ICTs in Disaster & Humanitarian Crisis Management & Prevention
2
WhatsApp
2
Online Learning, E-Learning
2
Mobile Phone Markets
2
ICT Research
2
Library Assistance (Development Cooperation)
2
Music Industries & Markets
2
Political Economy of Media
2
Commodities, Raw Materials, Extractive Industries, Mining
2
Labour, Labour Markets, Labour Laws, Working Conditions
2
Educational Broadcasting
2
Vocational Training
2
Gaming, Video Games
2
Biodiversity Communication
2
Fact-Checking & Verification of Sources
2
Media Assistance: Gender Focus
2
Good Practice Examples
2
History of Media & Communication
2
Colonial Legacies
2
Colonial Period
2
Globalisation of Media
2
Media Law & Regulation: International Standards & Practices
2
International Radio Broadcasting, Foreign Radio Broadcasting
2
Satellite Television
2
Journalism Education Curricula
2
Journalists
2
Journalists: Professional Identity & Values
2
Corruption Reporting & Role of Media in Curbing Corruption
2
Working Conditions of Journalists & Media Personnel
2
Local Communication & Media
2
Media Assistance: Media & Information Literacy
2
COVID-19 Pandemic: Effects on Journalism, Media & Communication
2
Public Funding & Support Policies for Media
2
Media System Analyses & Typologies
2
Radio Landscapes
2
Frequency Allocation, Radio Frequency & Spectrum Management
2
Quality Criteria, Quality Standards
2
Deutsche Welle
2
Diasporas
2
Politics
2
Capitalism
2
Politics and Media
2
Media Capture, Vested Political & Other Interests in the Media
2
Press
2
Islam and Communication
2
Civil Society
2
Inequalities
2
Technological Change, Technological Developments, Technological Progress
2
Technology Transfer
2
Mobile Phone Use for Social Purposes, Mobiles for Development
2
Telecommunication Industries & Markets
2
Telecommunication Law, Regulation & Policies
2
Al-Jazeera
2
Flow of Information
1
Advertising
1
Government Advertising, State Advertising
1
Transnational Advertising, International Advertising
1
Advocacy & Empowerment: Experiences
1
Civic Engagement, Citizen Participation, Civil Society & Digital Communication
1
Digital Activism, Cyber Advocacy
1
Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)
1
Audiences & Users
1
Audience Letters
1
Audience Research
1
Behavior Tracking & Cookies
1
Book Reading Habits, Book Readers, Book Consumption
1
Media Socialisation, Media Biographies, Media Life Journeys
1
Media Use: Children
1
Media Use: Foreign / International Media
1
Media Use: Lower Classes & Poor Population
1
Mobile Phone Use: Women
1
Mobile Phone Use: Youth
1
Mobile Phone Use: Migrants & Refugees
1
Radio Consumption, Radio Use, Radio Audiences
1
Reading, Reading Habits, Reading Skills
1
Authoritarian Regimes, Dictatorships
1
Author's Writing & Publishing Guides
1
Book Professionals Education & Training
1
Behaviour Change Campaigns
1
Election Campaigns
1
Catholic Church and Communication
1
Catholic Radios
1
Child Abuse: Digital Media
1
Child Protection Online
1
Children's Rights
1
Educational Comics & Comics for Development
1
Girls and Media
1
Christian Churches: Communication Education & Training
1
Christian Radios: Evangelical / Protestant & Others
1
Christianity (General)
1
Liberation Theologies
1
Theologies of Communication
1
Copyright: Films
1
Film Budgeting & Production Costs
1
Film Industries
1
Hollywood
1
Nollywood
1
Foreign / Developing Countries: Film Representation
1
Public Film Policies, Film Legislation, Public Film Funding
1
Television Programme & Format Trade
1
Data Protection: Law & Regulation
1
Freedom of Expression
1
Freedom of Expression Principles
1
Copyright: Music
1
Digital Rights Management
1
Open Licensing, Creative Commons, Public Domain
1
Translation Rights
1
Media / Communication Control
1
Surveillance, Surveillance Technologies, Spyware
1
United Nations Plan of Action on the Safety of Journalists and the Issue of Impunity
1
Communication Strategies
1
Military: Communication Strategies & Practices
1
Public Relations
1
Alternative Communication & Media
1
Community Development
1
Community Development: Role of Communication & Media
1
Community Radio Sustainability & Financing
1
Telecentres, Community Telecentres, Internet Cafés
1
Storytelling
1
Traditional Music
1
Terrorism
1
Conflict Reporting, Armed Conflict Reporting
1
Extremism & Terrorism Reporting
1
Extremist & Terrorist Digital / Social Media Presence
1
Extremist & Terrorist Communication Strategies and Media
1
Hate Speech, Hate Speech in Social Media
1
Contents of Media
1
Theatre for Development
1
Collective Memory: Violent Conflicts & Wars
1
Cultural Policies
1
Cultural Cooperation (Development Aid)
1
Cultural Influence
1
Modernization Development Approaches, Developmentalism
1
Clothing & Fashion
1
UNESCO Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions (2005)
1
Writing & Writing Styles
1
Democracy Assistance
1
Development Assistance Criticism
1
Development Education
1
Development Organizations
1
World Bank
1
Financing Nonprofit Organizations
1
Nonprofit Legislation & Regulation
1
Nonprofit Management, NGO Management, Management General
1
Development Planning
1
Development Communication Projects: Case Studies
1
ICT / Internet Projects (Development Aid)
1
Media Assistance Projects & Programs: Case Studies
1
Development Strategies
1
Millenium Development Goals (MDG)
1
Development Studies, Development Research
1
International Development Cooperation
1
Religion and Development
1
Development Aid Reporting
1
Development Communication: Indigenous & Traditional Communication
1
Development Communication Research
1
Development Communication Theories
1
Development Education: Use & Role of Media
1
Information for Development
1
Radio for Development
1
Rural Communication for Development
1
Rural Radio Programmes, Rural Radios, Rural Development & Radio
1
Television for Development
1
Algorithms & Big Data
1
Data
1
Digital Labour, Digital Work
1
Digital Platforms & Intermediaries
1
Digital Skills, Digital Production Skills
1
Google
1
Governance & Accountability: Role of Digital Communication
1
Indigenous Digital & Social Media Communication
1
Internet Shutdowns
1
Digital Financial Services, Mobile Banking, Mobile Payphone Business
1
Social Media in Political Communication
1
Digital Market Concentration
1
Internet Markets
1
Netflix
1
Blogging, Blogs
1
Democratization & Digital Media / Social Media
1
Influencers (Social Media)
1
Telegram
1
TikTok
1
Twitter & Microblogs
1
Instagram
1
YouTube
1
Social Media & Web 2.0 for Development
1
AI Ethics
1
Generative AI, including ChatGPT et al.
1
Digitalization, Digital Transformation
1
Digitalization, Environment & Sustainable Development
1
ICT4D: Evaluation, Monitoring, Impact Assessment
1
ICT4D Research
1
ICT Economics
1
ICT Industries & Markets
1
Software Industries
1
ICT Sector Development
1
World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS)
1
Data Bases, Digital Libraries, Open Access Repositories
1
Documentation Systems
1
Christian Libraries
1
Library Performance & Impact
1
Library Sciences
1
Rural Libraries
1
Commercial Broadcasting
1
Data Economics
1
Local Media Economics & Markets, Local Media Financing
1
Markets (General)
1
Media Ownership
1
Nonprofit Journalism, Nonprofit Media
1
Economy
1
Poverty & Poverty Reduction
1
Economic Development
1
Small Enterprises, Micro Businesses, Small & Medium Enterprises (SME)
1
Industrialized Countries
1
Industries, Industrial Development
1
Foreign Investments
1
Market Liberalization, Economic Liberalization
1
Civic Education: Use & Role of Media
1
Education (General)
1
Educational Satellite Communication
1
Journalism / Communication Training Centers
1
Educational Games, Serious Games
1
Instructional Media & Teaching Materials
1
Educational Print Materials
1
Massive Open Online Courses (MOOC)
1
Learning Processes
1
Lifelong Learning
1
Open, Distance and Digital Education (ODDE)
1
Universities
1
Humour, Parody, Satire
1
Sports Reporting
1
Soap Operas & Telenovelas
1
Environmental Communication
1
Climate, Climate Change, Climate Change Adaptation
1
Environmental Journalism
1
Extractive Industries & Mining Reporting
1
Defamation Law & Regulation
1
Fair Technology
1
Journalism Ethics
1
Sexuality: Media Representation, Sexually Explicit Media Content, Pornography
1
Responsibility
1
Health Campaigns: Monitoring & Evaluation
1
Female Journalists & Media Workers
1
Feminism (General)
1
Feminism & Communication
1
Gender-Based Harassment, Intimidation & Violence: Media Representation & Reporting
1
Rural Women & Communication
1
Collaboration
1
Media Conferences, Media Festivals
1
Health Communication
1
Child Health, Mother & Child Care Communication
1
Health Campaigns: Effects & Effectiveness
1
Health Campaigns: Experiences
1
Health Campaigns: Planning & Implementation
1
Health Information Materials
1
Health Journalism
1
HIV / AIDS (General)
1
Media Assistance: Health Communication
1
Vaccination Campaigns & Vaccine Hesitancy
1
Cold War (1947-1991)
1
History of Television
1
Second World War (1939-1945)
1
Indigenous Communication
1
Indigenous Journalists & Communicators
1
Indigenous Peoples, Indigenous Population
1
Adaptation of Media Products to Other Countries / Cultural Contexts
1
Globalisation: Impact on (Local) Media & Communication
1
Image Abroad
1
Media Assistance: Transnational Exchange & Cooperation
1
Russia: Foreign Information Operations, International Broadcasting, Public Diplomacy
1
Transnational Journalism Cooperation & News Exchange
1
Transnational Media Corporations, International Media Companies
1
Transnational Television Co-Productions, International Television Co-Productions
1
International Relations
1
UNICEF
1
Journalism Concepts & Cultures
1
Journalism Training Methods
1
Local Journalism
1
Mobile Journalism, Video Journalism
1
News
1
Inter Press Service (IPS)
1
Photojournalism
1
Court Reporting & Media Representation of Judicial System
1
Election Reporting
1
Linguistic Diversity: Internet & Digital Media
1
Translations & Translating
1
Germany: Media Assistance Actors, Practices, Priorities
1
Media Assistance: Financial Sustainability & Management
1
Media Assistance: Good Practice Examples
1
Media Assistance: Interaction with Foreign Policies
1
Media Assistance: Research Communication
1
Netherlands: Media Assistance
1
Communication
1
Communication Channels
1
Communication Systems
1
Diversity & Pluralism in Media / Communication
1
Diffusion of Innovations
1
Stereotypes in Media & Communication
1
Socialist Media Systems
1
Consumer Protection
1
Human Rights
1
Human Rights Protection
1
Internet Governance, Internet Policies
1
Cost-Benefit-Analysis, Cost-Effectiveness, Efficiency
1
Financing Media, Financial Media Management
1
Crowdfunding
1
Organisational Structure
1
Product Calculation & Pricing
1
BBC
1
Radio Moscow
1
Voice of America
1
Migration & Refugees Reporting & (Social) Media Representation
1
Music
1
Traber, Michael (1929-2006)
1
Accountability & Transparency
1
Civic Engagement, Citizen & Community Participation
1
Political Systems
1
Democracy
1
Democratization
1
Fragile / Post-Conflict States
1
Political Transition
1
Public Interest
1
Shrinking Spaces for Civil Society & Political Actors
1
State
1
Influence of Media on Politics
1
National Identity & Media, Nationalism & Communication
1
Political Communication
1
Propaganda
1
Watchdog Role of the Media
1
Rural Press
1
Project Design, Project Planning
1
Project Impact, Project Effects, Project Effectiveness, Project Efficiency
1
Sustainability
1
Public Service Broadcasting
1
Public & State Radios
1
Public & State Television
1
Partnership
1
Religion and Communication
1
Buddhism
1
Hinduism
1
Islam
1
Religion and Politics
1
Communication & Media Indicators
1
Research Methods
1
Comparative Approaches & Methods in Communication Research
1
Data Collection, Data Collection Methods
1
Empirical Studies
1
Indicators & Indices
1
Mobile Phones in Rural Areas
1
Transnational Civil Society
1
Corruption & Combating Corruption
1
Nomades
1
Networks & Networking
1
Social Development
1
Technologies, Information & Communication Technologies
1
Blockchain Technologies
1
Electronics
1
Computers
1
Paper & Paper Production
1
Printers, Printing Houses, Printing Presses
1
Radio Broadcasting Equipment & Technologies
1
Short Wave Radio (SW)
1
Satellite Communication Technologies
1
Software
1
WLAN Wireless Internet Access
1
Remote Work, Teleworking, Working from Home
1
Television Programmes & Genres
1
Theories of Communication & Media
1
Suburbs, Poor Districts, Slums, Shanty Towns
1
Visual Communication
1
Infographics & Data Visualization
1
Language
Document type
Countries / Regions
Authors & Publishers
Media focus
Publication Years
Methods applied
Journals
Output Type
"L'auteur, directeur du Centre International de Formation des Journalistes dresse un aperçu sur les cours offerts aux stagiaires dont la plupart originaires de pays en voie de développement — Projets du Centre pour l'avenir." (Jean-Marie Van Bol, Abdelfattah Fakhfakh: The use of mass media in th ... more
"Ce numéro, outre le rapport final du colloque consacré par le C.I.E.S.J. à ce sujet étudie successivement la structure, l'organisation économique, rédactionnelle et administrative des agences de presse du Tiers-Monde — Une quinzaine de monographies sur les agences africaines et asiatiques c ... more

The press in developing countries

Sydney: Sydney University Press (1966), 189 pp.
"The author studies the multiplicity of problems facing those who found newspapers in the countries of Africa, Asia and Latin America — The book concentrates more on the technical considerations than on the purely social implications of the subject — Chapters III and IV analyse in depth the esta ... more
"Différence à la conjoncture que trouvent les candidats journalistes dans les pays développés et dans les pays sous-développés — Essai de solution pour les difficultés rencontrées par les journalistes dans les pays sous- développés — Comment le problème se trouve résolu, actuellement ... more
"Le séminaire de Strasbourg, réunissant des journalistes africains et asiatiques, a démontré l'identité des objectifs poursuivis par les agences de presse des pays en voie de développement — Si anglophones et francophones ont exprimé des vues différentes sur la conception d'une agence rég ... more
"Dix-neuf pays africains et asiatiques ont participé à la sixième session du Centre International de l'Enseignement Supérieur du Journalisme qui s'est tenue à Strasbourg du 17 mai au 17 juillet 1965 — Les travaux ont été consacrés à l'étude des problèmes des agences de presse dans les p ... more
"Philosophie de la formation journalistique et panorama précis d'une quinzaine d'écoles de différents continents — Aides et initiatives de l'UNESCO, des Etats, des organisations professionnelles et du monde catholique." (Jean-Marie Van Bol, Abdelfattah Fakhfakh: The use of mass media in the dev ... more
"L'auteur met l'accent sur les réalisations des pays en voie de développement dans le domaine de la radio et de la télévision éducatives en Afrique, au Moyen-Orient, en Asie, en Amérique latine. L'auteur est Directeur du Centre Telescuola RAI - Radiotelevisione Italiana." (Jean-Marie Van Bol, ... more
"Relations publiques de l'Etat — L'utilisation rationnelle des moyens de communication sociale — Relations publiques dans les pays en voie de développement." (Jean-Marie Van Bol, Abdelfattah Fakhfakh: The use of mass media in the developing countries. Brussels: CIDESA, 1971 Nr. 613, topic code ... more
"L'I.I.P. doit défendre la liberté de la presse là où elle est menacée — La situation dramatique de la presse dans les pays du Tiers-Monde — Le devoir du journaliste et sa responsabilité vis-à-vis du lecteur." (Jean-Marie Van Bol, Abdelfattah Fakhfakh: The use of mass media in the develop ... more
"L'action de l'O.I.J. s'élargit surtout du côté des pays en voie de développement." (Jean-Marie Van Bol, Abdelfattah Fakhfakh: The use of mass media in the developing countries. Brussels: CIDESA, 1971 Nr. 835, topic code 161.2)

Pour un nouveau cinéma dans les pays en voie de développement: Le Groupe synchrone cinématographice leger

In: Conférences de la Table Ronde sous les Auspices et avec la Participation de l'Unesco. Beyrouth, octobre 1963
Beyrouth: Centre Interarabe du Cinéma et de la Télévision (1965), pp. 113-169
"La création du magnétophone léger, rendue possible par l'invention des transistors et son application à la prise de vue cinématographique synchrone a poussé quelques cinéastes vers la conquête du langage audio-visuel direct — Après un bref historique, l'auteur fournit un ensemble de rens ... more
"Raisons du retard des mass-media (presse et cinéma plus encore que radio et TV) dans les pays en voie de développement: faiblesse du pouvoir d'achat, analphabétisme, dispersion de l'habitat, manque d'équipement ou de personnel technique, cloisonnement linguistique, diversité des niveaux cultur ... more
"Attitude des jeunes gouvernements à l'égard de la presse — Avant de parler de liberté de presse, atteignons une certaine étape d'évolution — Formons d'abord nos cadres — Pour acquérir notre liberté de presse, préparons-nous la voie." (Jean-Marie Van Bol, Abdelfattah Fakhfakh: The use ... more
"Rapport de la réunion et points soulevés: admission de nouveaux membres dont une partie des pays en voie de développement." (Jean-Marie Van Bol, Abdelfattah Fakhfakh: The use of mass media in the developing countries. Brussels: CIDESA, 1971 Nr. 517, topic code 161.2)
"Parmi les points soulevés: la situation des journalistes dans les pays en voie de développement." (Jean-Marie Van Bol, Abdelfattah Fakhfakh: The use of mass media in the developing countries. Brussels: CIDESA, 1971 Nr. 1910, topic code 161.2)
"Extrait d'une conférence prononcée à Lomé, concernant les impératifs préalables au développement de la presse en Afrique." (Jean-Marie Van Bol, Abdelfattah Fakhfakh: The use of mass media in the developing countries. Brussels: CIDESA, 1971 Nr. 359, topic code 140)
"Cet ouvrage comprend de nombreuses listes bibliographiques, une nomenclature des périodiques et des centres de recherches intéressés par ce problème — L'ensemble des références et des réflexions est principalement orienté vers l'Afrique et cela dans une perspective éducative." (Jean-Mari ... more
"BBC proposal to start courses for overseas producers — The courses for producers and technicians offered to people from overseas by the Thomson Foundation — Aid to the developing countries in the field of TV from the Australian Broadcasting Commission." (Jean-Marie Van Bol, Abdelfattah Fakhfakh ... more

Assistance et information aux pays en voie de développement et en particulier, formation de cadres spécialisés (Australian Broadcasting Commission)

In: Actes du Deuxième Congrès International des Organismes de Radiodiffusion sur la Radio et la Télévision Scolaires. Tokyo, 9-15 avril 1964
Tokyo: NHK. Nippon Hoso Kyokai (1965), pp. 437-442
"Les domaines de l'assistance peuvent être divisés en deux catégories: 1) entraînement au pays et à l'étranger — 2) fourniture d'assistance matérielle tant dans le domaine technique que pour les programmes — L'auteur explique, d'une manière détaillée, ces deux catégories — Ensuite, ... more