"Across the global South, new media technologies have brought about new forms of cultural production, distribution and reception. The spread of cassette recorders in the 1970s; the introduction of analogue and digital video formats in the 80s and 90s; the pervasive availability of recycled computer
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hardware; the global dissemination of the internet and mobile phones in the new millennium: all these have revolutionised the access of previously marginalised populations to the cultural flows of global modernity. Yet this access also engenders a pirate occupation of the modern: it ducks and deranges the globalised designs of property, capitalism and personhood set by the North. Positioning itself against Eurocentric critiques by corporate lobbies, libertarian readings or classical Marxist interventions, this volume offers a profound postcolonial revaluation of the social, epistemic and aesthetic workings of piracy. It projects how postcolonial piracy persistently negotiates different trajectories of property and self at the crossroads of the global and the local." (Publisher description)
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"In a world of open-ended access to social media, the ability of governments to control information is slipping away. It is plausible in countries with limited Internet access for citizens to remain ignorant of the true amount of corruption. We built a cross-country panel of 124 developing nations t
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o analyze the effect of Internet usage on perceptions of corruption from 1996 to 2009. We find that, ceteris paribus, the information citizens receive from the World Wide Web leads to deteriorating views of the state of corruption in their country. Greater perceptions of government effectiveness are unsurprisingly found to negatively and significantly decrease perceptions of corruption within countries." (Abstract)
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"As 75 percent of the world’s mobile subscriptions are in developing countries, studies of use patterns are essential to broader understanding. However, scholars should engage with existing theory and literature in order to operate within a framework and expand readership. Rigorous and ethical res
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earch from a variety of methodological perspectives is encouraged." (Abstract)
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"This book employs a global perspective to explore the subject across the whole population and different media platforms in select developing markets of Africa and South Asia. It is unique in providing a theoretical framework by which to analyze demand and usage of and trust in news from internation
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al broadcasters across the whole population, not just opinion leaders. It outlines the strategic options for international broadcasters in these evolving market contexts." (Publisher description)
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"Millionen Soldaten aus Afrika, Asien und Ozeanien haben im Zweiten Weltkrieg gekämpft, um die Welt vom deutschen und italienischen Faschismus sowie vom japanischen Großmachtwahn zu befreien. Allein Indien stellte 2,5 Millionen Kolonialsoldaten und China hatte mehr Opfer zu beklagen als Deutschlan
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d, Italien und Japan zusammen. Sowohl die faschistischen Achsenmächte als auch die Alliierten rekrutierten in ihren Kolonien Hilfstruppen und Hilfsarbeiter oftmals mit Gewalt. Japanische Militärs verschleppten zudem Hunderttausende Frauen aus Asien und von pazifischen Inseln in ihre Frontbordelle. Rekruten aus den Kolonien, ob Freiwillige oder Zwangsverpflichtete, mussten sich mit weniger Sold, schlechteren Unterkünften und geringeren Kriegsrenten als ihre «weißen Kameraden» zufrieden geben. Weite Teile der Dritten Welt – von Nordafrika über den Nahen Osten und Indien bis nach Südostasien und Ozeanien – dienten auch als Schlachtfelder und blieben nach Kriegsende verwüstet und vermint zurück. Bei der Befreiung der philippinischen Hauptstadt Manila von den japanischen Besatzern starben mehr Zivilisten als in Berlin, Dresden oder Köln. Die Kolonien der kriegführenden Mächte mussten zudem Nahrungs mittel für die kämpfenden Truppen und Rohstoffe für die Rüstungsproduktion liefern. Oft hungerte deshalb die einheimische Bevölkerung. Auch das NS-Regime bezog kriegswichtiges Material aus den Kolonien in Afrika und Indochina, die unter der Kontrolle der französischen Kollaborationsregierung in Vichy standen. Die Nazis wollten nach der Unterwerfung Osteuropas zudem ein Kolonialreich in Zentralafrika erobern und über Nordafrika in den Nahen Osten vor - stoßen. Auch Hunderttausende Juden in dieser Region mussten deshalb um ihr Leben fürchten. 1942 landete ein SS-Kommando in Tunesien, das die Juden in Palästina vernichten sollte. Noch im chinesischen Schanghai sahen sich Zehntausende jüdische Flüchtlinge von Gestapo-Verfolgern bedroht. In der Dritten Welt gab es allerdings nicht nur Opfer, sondern auch Kollaborateure der faschistischen Achsenmächte, die im Krieg an deren Seite kämpften – von Nordafrika und Palästina über den Irak und Indien bis nach Thailand und Indonesien. Die Unterrichtsmaterialien enthalten Hintergrundtexte, historische Quellen und Berichte von Zeitzeugen zu diesen und weiteren Folgen des Zweiten Weltkriegs in Afrika, Asien und Ozeanien. Fotogalerien, Zeittafeln, Karten und persönliche Erinnerungen von Kriegsteilnehmern erleichtern den Einstieg ins Thema. Im Anhang werden Vorschläge zur Unterrichtsgestaltung gemacht und weiterführende Themen erläutert (wie z.B. Kolonialgeschichte, Rassismus, Frauen im Krieg und Judenverfolgung außerhalb Europas). Die (Wander-) Ausstellung und die Internetseite zum Thema (www.3www2.de) werden vorgestellt sowie empfehlenswerte Bücher, Filme und Radiosendungen. Die Materialien sind nicht nur im Geschichtsunterricht verwendbar, sondern auch in Fächern wie Politik, Sozialkunde, Philosophie, Ethik, Geographie und Religion." (Buchrücken)
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"Our approach is based on an understanding of access to information as a composite measure of access to source/s or platform, exposure, evaluation, content and self-reported differences in citizens’ reporting of the impact of their use of Information, Communication and Media (ICM) resources (Power
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, Khatun and Debeljak 2011). The data that were used to test this approach were collected within InterMedia’s AudienceScapes research initiative, which was co-funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, and aimed to improve development outcomes through knowledge sharing and dissemination of research and analysis in a user-friendly format (see www.audiencescapes.org). Within the initiative, InterMedia conducted nationally representative surveys in Kenya, Ghana, Zambia and Tanzania, which focused on how the general population in all four countries obtains, shares and uses information on development related issues. The analysis provided insights into understanding citizen’s access to information in a number of key development areas, such as education, health, governance, agriculture and personal finance, and enabled the InterMedia team to examine our approach to ICM resources and the five dimensions of “Citizen Access to Information”, discussed here. In this article we use examples from these four studies to demonstrate the variation in citizen access to information in developing countries, and illustrate the proposed dimensions and sub-dimensions of our approach." (Pages 19-20)
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"This article outlines the potential mechanisms through which ICT could facilitate agricultural adoption and the provision of extension services in developing countries. It then reviews existing programs using ICT for agriculture, categorized by the mechanism (voice, text, internet and mobile money
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transfers) and the type of services provided. Finally, we identify potential constraints to such programs in terms of design and implementation, and conclude with some recommendations for implementing field-based research on the impact of these programs on farmers’ knowledge, technological adoption and welfare." (Abstract)
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"The manual and the toolbox seek to address the following question: how to maximise the contribution of the IT industry in developing and emerging countries towards sustainable economic development and poverty reduction? In order to achieve this, the Manual analyses the obstacles impeding the compet
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itive development of this innovative industry in developing and emerging countries. They can be attributed to three major factors: Specific structural problems of developing countries such as lack of efficient support structures, deficiencies in managerial, financial and technological skills, negative brand and country of origin effects (image); Challenges related to internationalisation and export, such as lack of market intelligence and export capabilities as well as the absence of international linkage; Specifics of the IT industry including technical as well as quality standards, high competitive pressure and short innovation cycles. The manual and the toolbox introduce a methodology and a set of practical tools to address these obstacles and promote the IT industry in developing and emerging countries. Their purpose is to provide a practical guideline for designing and implementing projects for promoting the IT sector in developing and emerging countries; develop a specific methodology to enable effective and sustainable IT sector promotion based on the practical experience of German development cooperation; elaborate concrete procedures, processes and tools to promote the IT industry in developing and emerging countries; provide advice on actions and measures to improve the international competitiveness of IT sectors; provide best practices of IT sector promotion in developing and emerging countries." (Executive summary, page 6)
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"According to this paper, many media businesses lack management skills and experience in developing effective business models. "Compounding this is a lack of media development assistance targeted to media managers, the expansion of economic constraints on media businesses, and a lack of access to in
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vestment capital", says the executive summary, and concludes that "this naiveté about the business side poses a significant risk to the sustainability of independent news media. At the same time that audiences are growing, they are also increasingly decoupled from advertising, traditionally the largest and most easily accessible form of revenue supporting news media. Whether a market is growing or declining, this trend threatens to undermine the ability of independent media to fund news reporting." (commbox)
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"This study provides a summary of the state of implementation of the UNESCO Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions of 2005. Focusing on fields in which the EU is expected to provide leadership or coordination, it is intended to provide ideas and long-term
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guidance on implementing the Convention. For that purpose, it analyses the obligations set out by this treaty. It assesses various practices in implementing the UNESCO Convention from a legal and practical viewpoint, and identifies challenges and measures to help achieve the objectives of this instrument." (Abstract)
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"The main structure of the document consists of four parts. The first provides the reader with the 'big picture' of ICTs and climate change, based on a review of existing literature and identification of the main phases that have characterized the debate to date (Figure 1). Based on the above, the a
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nalysis will suggest some of the key gaps and issues that need to be considered as research on ICTs, climate change and development continues to evolve. The second section deepens the analysis by identifying the key components of the debate, namely the role of ICTs in mitigation, monitoring, adaptation and strategies, while building up the basis of a conceptual model on ICTs, Climate Change and Development (Figure 2). This model will provide the reader with an overview of the main issues and trends that lie at the intersection of these three fields, mapping the links between its main components and serving as a tool to identify challenges and research gaps that need to be further explored. Having identified the main issues on ICTs and climate change from a global perspective, the third part of the document will present some of the emerging examples of ICT use in climate change mitigation, monitoring, adaptation and strategies in Africa, Asia and Latin America. This section will allow the reader to contextualize the debate from a developing country perspective, while relating the ideas reflected in the ICTs, Climate Change and Development model to concrete actions in the field. The study concludes by presenting key issues for future research, based on the gaps and developing country priorities identified throughout the analysis. It has three Annexes: one providing a timeline of key literature resources; one offering an extended bibliography of that literature; and a glossary of key terms." (Page 4)
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"While the safety of children and young people in digital spaces has become an important issue of qualitative as well as quantitative research in the developed world and has led to a significant body of knowledge, the research efforts in the developing nations, with few exceptions, are still relativ
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ely early stage. A brief analysis of digitally relevant developing world characteristics suggests that various contextual factors such as technological, economic, market, educational, and cultural parameters need to be taken into account at the levels of risk analysis and risk evaluation and with regard to response strategies." (Summary/conclusions, page 30)
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"The Gender, Agriculture and Rural Development in the Information Society (GenARDIS) small grants fund was initiated in 2002 to support work on gender-related issues in information and communications technologies for the African, Caribbean and Pacific regions. GenARDIS recognises the constraints and
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challenges encountered by rural women, and has disbursed small grants to diverse and innovative projects in order to counter these barriers, to document the process and results, and to contribute to more gender-aware ICT policy advocacy. GenARDIS has supported projects which are as diverse as the countries where they are located. Over the years, GenARDIS has learned from and documented projects such as women’s community radio drama groups, pest control through information access, and using technology to promote women’s inheritance and land rights. Grantees have supported deaf women in Ethiopia to generate their own income through digital photography, and enabled rural mothers to earn additional income for their families because they can market to buyers from outside their community. In some areas, women small farmers are no longer being taken advantage of by the middleman as they now get a fair price for their crops by sending a simple SMS." (Pages 5-6)
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"This white paper takes a first look at the everyday world of digital tools and media in the lives of three- to five-year-old children, with a particular focus on non-intentional learning opportunities in developing and least-developed nations. It begins a discussion about how digital media learning
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opportunities, including non-intentional opportunities such as cell phones and video games, when combined with intentional learning opportunities such as educational television or computers, may be affecting emergent literacy skills development (Anderson & Pempek, 2005). An understanding of this phenom enon is important, because when new digital tools and media, as well as novel combinations of old and new media, become available and commonplace, “the media that children use and create [will be] integral to their growing sense of themselves, of the world, and of how they should interact with it” (Center for Media and Child Health at Children’s Hospital, 2008, np). Digital media may be transforming the language and cultural practices that enable the development of emergent literacy skills. A new generation of young children is experiencing a new kind of interconnectedness in the language they see, hear, and use. For example, a young child may observe a sister talking with a friend, texting (writing) the friend, and then reading the text. Young children are increasingly surrounded by language sculpted by digital media, and this process has implications for the way their neural circuitry learns to speak, listen, read, and write (Small & Vorgan, 2008)." (Page 2)
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