Country and Region-Specific Safety Issues

"This chapter concludes multiyear research on journalists’ safety and well-being in Estonia and focuses on summarizing journalist experiences with and reactions to hostility. In addition to categorizing and describing the problems, the chapter also provides insight into what journalists expect fro ... more

External Link (23)

Google Scholar (22)

WorldCat (20)

Emergent Forms and Patterns of Online Harassment of Women Journalists in African countries

Blessing Makwambeni, Patricia Rudo Makwambeni

In: Patterns of Harassment in African Journalism

Lungile Augustine Tshuma, Trust Matsilele, Mbongeni Jonny Msimanga, Sadia Jamil (eds.)

London; New York: Routledge (2024), pp. 49-66

"The internet and digital platforms have contributed to the democratisation of the public sphere. A number of studies have shown how the internet and new digital platforms have brought subaltern voices into the mainstream. However, recent studies show that on the flip side, the cybersphere also prom ... more

External Link (29)

Google Scholar (22)

WorldCat (23)

Media and Politics in Post-Authoritarian Mexico: The Continuing Struggle for Democracy

Martin Echeverria, Ruben Arnoldo Gonzalez (eds.)

Cham: Palgrave Macmillan (2024), xiii, 286 pp.

"This volume presents an analytical and empirical overview of the array of issues that the Mexican media faces in the post-authoritarian age, which jointly explains how a partially accomplished democracy, its authoritarian inertias, and its unintended consequences hinder the democratic performance o ... more

External Link (30)

Google Scholar (24)

WorldCat (24)

Sexual Harassment in the Nigerian Media Environment

Juliana Taiwo-Obalonye

In: Sexual Harassment and the Law in Africa

Furaha-Joy Sekai Saungweme, Carol Chi Ngang, Graham Towl (eds.)

London; New York: Routledge (2024), 19 pp.

"The media industry of Nigeria has been significantly impacted by sexual harassment and it has had a very negative effect on women media workers. One major issue which I will articulate in my chapter is the absence of an overarching media policy framework addressing sexual harassment with clear pena ... more

External Link (23)

Google Scholar (22)

WorldCat (21)

Media Freedom and Safety of Journalists in South Asian Countries: An Overview

Arulchelvan Sriram, Amit Verma

In: Handbook of Digital Journalism: Perspectives from South Asia

Surbhi Dahiya, Kulveen Trehan (eds.)

Cham: Springer (2024), pp. 565-575

"In the digital world, every profession has seen a massive transformation in terms of working mechanisms, approaches to the problem, dealing with prospects, moving forward to conceptualising the solution and so on. Likewise, the media field has also seen a massive transformation. The working pattern ... and the types of problems employees face also become a significant threat to many media professionals, especially journalists. The threat to journalists is a significant hindrance today to the younger generation, and journalism has become one of the dangerous professions, citing the transformation and risks involved. In many countries, especially in South Asia, journalists face surveillance, legislation, threats, violence, conflicts, workplace harassment, intimidation, impersonation, forced detention, kidnapping and killing, which affect their work patterns and result in a lack of free speech and press freedom. Many countries have faced allegations dealing with journalist threats in the last 25 years. Especially women journalists today face various consequences inside and outside the organisation when they are physically and emotionally at work. The war and conflict zone reporting also burdens the journalists, who must undergo safety and security training to mitigate the risks. Digital surveillance, safety and security concerns for journalists are increasing internally and externally. Hence, many organisations are training their journalists to secure them from risks by assessing complications and processes involved in their duty. The high increase in insecurities and threats has become a potential area to study. This study will assess journalist’s risks and threats in South Asian countries. The level of media freedom, the measures taken by the media organisations/government to manage risk, journalist’s current situation, work culture, protection level in different countries, and different types of risks (physical, psychological, financial, digital, gender-specific, public and legal) evaluated through secondary data. It will help us to understand and evaluate the current situation by comparing different countries in South Asia. The information presented in this research will be helpful for policymaking to secure the journalists from threats." (Abstract) more

External Link (24)

Google Scholar (19)

WorldCat (18)

Time to Act: Measures of Curbing Harassment of Journalists in African Newsrooms

Bhekizulu Tshuma, Lungile Tshuma

In: Patterns of Harassment in African Journalism

Lungile Augustine Tshuma, Trust Matsilele, Mbongeni Jonny Msimanga, Sadia Jamil (eds.)

London; New York: Routledge (2024), pp. 239-251

"This chapter discusses the safety measures that newsrooms should adopt to help fight various forms of harassment. The chapter comes against the background of previous studies having found that newsrooms are ill-prepared to address different forms of harassment. As a result, journalists are left wit ... more

External Link (24)

Evaluating the Legal Protections for Journalists in China: Challenges and Recommendations for Strengthening Press Freedom

Zhijie Chen

Law & Economy, volume 3, issue 5 (2024), pp. 33–40

"This paper examines the current state of legal protections for journalists in China, focusing on the challenges they face and proposing comprehensive recommendations to enhance press freedom. It analyzes the historical evolution of these protections, the existing legal framework, and compares them ... more

External Link (25)

Google Scholar (24)

WorldCat (22)

Safety of Journalists in the Run-Up to the 2023 Elections in Zimbabwe

Nkosini Aubrey Khupe, Mphathisi Ndlovu

In: Patterns of Harassment in African Journalism

Lungile Augustine Tshuma, Trust Matsilele, Mbongeni Jonny Msimanga, Sadia Jamil (eds.)

London; New York: Routledge (2024), pp. 223-238

"In March 2023, a Zimbabwean government official caused a storm after threatening journalists with arrests for reporting on an Al Jazeera documentary that exposed alleged money laundering, gold smuggling and other criminal activities in the country. Journalists and media groups interpreted these utt ... more

External Link (26)

Google Scholar (23)

WorldCat (24)

Networked misogyny beyond the digital: The violent devaluation of women journalists’ labor and bodies in Turkey’s masculine authoritarian regime

Ergin Bulut, Basak Can

Feminist Media Studies, volume 24, issue 4 (2024), pp. 675-694

"Following the conservative Turkish government’s political-economic capture of the news media, educated and pro-feminist women journalists have migrated online. Despite having more publicity across platforms, they face immediate prosecution based on the tweet of an anonymous troll, an informant ci ... more

External Link (17)

Voices from Exile: The Safety Needs of Myanmar Women Journalists

Yucca Wai, Joseph Andersson

Exile Hub (2024), 104 pp.

Download (2)

Press Freedom Under Siege: Women Journalists in Mexico

Lucía Elisa Miguel Osorio, María José de Icaza

Potsdam: Friedrich Naumann Foundation; Article 19 (2024), 15 pp.

"The abuse and harassment against women journalists has become increasingly frequent and more coordinated in Mexico. As demonstrated throughout this study, it aims to threaten, silence, and stigmatize women journalists, with the potential to keep them out of public spaces. Despite the importance of ... more

External Link (24)

Google Scholar (19)

WorldCat (25)

Negotiating between gender, national and professional identities: The work-experience of Israeli-Palestinian women journalists

Einat Lachover

Ethnicities, volume 24, issue 1 (2024), pp. 123-141

"This paper analyzes the work experience of Israeli-Palestinian women journalists who reside and work in Israel for local news organizations or non-Israeli news agencies. It focuses on their experiences related to the intersected axes of their gender, ethnic, and national identities. Through themati ... more

External Link (21)

Google Scholar (21)

WorldCat (20)

Switzerland: Mounting Pressure on Journalism in a Small Media System

Col Porlezza

In: Media Compass: A Companion to International Media Landscapes

Aljosha Karim Schapals, Christian Pentzold (eds.)

Hoboken, NJ: Wiley (2024), pp. 150-160

"The press in Switzerland is mainly characterized by external pluralism, with more or less clearly aligned political positions in the case of some news outlets. In line with Hallin and Mancini's model, the public service media plays a significant role in Switzerland. Besides the public service media ... more

External Link (18)

Google Scholar (18)

WorldCat (19)

How online harassment affects Korean journalists? The effects of online harassment on the journalists’ psychological problems and their intention to leave the profession

Na Yeon Lee, Ahran Park

Journalism, volume 25, issue 4 (2023), pp. 900-920

"This study examined the effects of online harassment on journalists’ psychological trauma and their intention to leave work. It also investigated whether journalists’ psychological trauma mediates the effects of online harassment on their intention to leave the profession and whether gender mak ... more

External Link (23)

Google Scholar (22)

WorldCat (20)

The Digitization of Harassment: Women Journalists’ Experiences with Online Harassment in the Philippines

Edson C. Tandoc Jr., Karryl Kim Sagun, Katrina Paola Alvarez

Journalism Practice, volume 17, issue 6 (2023), pp. 1198-1213

"Through interviews with women journalists in the Philippines, this study documents and examines their experiences with online harassment. Three main themes stand out. First, we find that online harassment against journalists follows a systematic process that starts from the top, is followed through ... more

External Link (21)

Google Scholar (20)

WorldCat (20)

Harassment’s Toll on Democracy: The Effects of Harassment Towards US Journalists

Kaitlin C. Miller

Journalism Practice, volume 17, issue 8 (2023), pp. 1607-1626

"Journalists in democratically “free” countries have faced harassment from those external to the newsroom for decades, though that has recently increased in the United States by many accounts. To assess the effects of such harassment in the United States, 32 journalists were interviewed and more ... more

External Link (22)

Google Scholar (18)

WorldCat (18)

The Evolution of Self-Censorship in Hong Kong Online Journalism: Influences from Digitalization and the State

Alex Zhi-Xiong Koo

International Journal of Press/Politics, volume 29, issue 1 (2023), pp. 143-163

"Studies about media self-censorship typically focus on its mechanism in traditional newsroom settings. But how media self-censorship may evolve in online journalism has remained largely unexplored. Using Hong Kong as a case, I examine the digital evolution of media self-censorship in a unique non-d ... more

External Link (15)

Google Scholar (15)

WorldCat (15)

Unprepared for Reality: Early-Career Journalists Ill-Equipped for Hostility in the Field

Kelsey R. Kelsey

Journalism & Mass Communication Educator, volume 78, issue 3 (2023), pp. 301-316

"Scholarly calls surrounding the need to prepare journalism students for hostile encounters and harassment are emerging. Using in-depth interviews with 28 early-career journalists from across the United States, this project underscores a need for content related to hostility within journalism course ... more