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Safety of Journalists, Safety Risks of Media Workers
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Media Freedom, Press Freedom
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Female Journalists & Media Workers
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Self-Censorship
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Conflict Reporting, Armed Conflict Reporting
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Violence Against Journalists & Media Personnel
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Working Conditions of Journalists & Media Personnel
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Safety of Journalists: Law & Public Policies
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Killings of Journalists & Media Personnel
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COVID-19 Pandemic: Effects on Journalism, Media & Communication
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Press Freedom & Communication Rights Violations
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Impunity for Crimes Against Journalists & Media Personnel
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Censorship
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Surveillance, Surveillance Technologies, Spyware
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Investigative Journalism
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Journalism Education & Training
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Media Law & Regulation
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War Reporting
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Gender-Based Harassment, Intimidation & Violence
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COVID-19 Communication
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Local Journalism
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Election Reporting
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Protests, Protest Movements, Protest Reporting & Media Representation
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Media Landscapes, Media Systems, Media Situation in General
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Authoritarian Regimes: Government Communication Strategies
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Authoritarian Regimes: Media Systems & Landscapes
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Cybersecurity, Digital Safety, Privacy, Right to Privacy
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Legal Threats to Media Freedom
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Foreign Correspondents
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Journalists: Professional Identity & Values
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Media Capture, Vested Political & Other Interests in the Media
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Citizen Journalism, Community Journalism
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Conflict Areas: Media Systems, Media Landscapes, Role of Media
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Digital Journalism, Online Journalism
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Freelance Journalists & Media Workers
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Digital Activism, Cyber Advocacy
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Media Assistance: Freedom of Expression & Safety of Journalists
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Indirect Censorship, Soft Censorship
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Foreign Conflict Reporting, International War Reporting
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Journalistic Social Media Use
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Media Law & Regulation: International Standards & Practices
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Russia: Foreign Information Operations, International Broadcasting, Public Diplomacy
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Journalism
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Editorial Independence
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Government Communication Strategies
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Russia-Ukraine War <2014-
3
Conflict-Sensitive & Peace Journalism
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Extremism & Terrorism Reporting
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Cyberbullying, Cyberharassment
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Social Media in Political Communication
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Countering Defamation & Harassment
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Journalism Ethics
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Gender-Based Online Harassment & Sexual Threats
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Journalism Education Curricula
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Photojournalism
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Media Assistance
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Post-Socialist Media Systems & Landscapes
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Populism
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Corruption & Combating Corruption
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Media Advocacy, Media Activism
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Audience Feedback, Interaction & Participation
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Authoritarian Regimes, Dictatorships
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Independent & Oppositional Media in Authoritarian Regimes
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Exile Journalism, Exile Media
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Freedom of Expression
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Media / Communication Control
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Community Radios
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Transitional Justice Reporting
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Trauma, Coping with Trauma, Trauma Therapy
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Media Criticism
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Countering Hate Speech, Disinformation & Propaganda
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Accountability & Transparency of the Media
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Bribery & Corruption in Journalism
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Feminism & Communication
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Indigenous Journalists & Communicators
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Transnational Journalism Cooperation & News Exchange
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Journalists
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Stringers & Fixers (Journalism)
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Media Reporting, Reporting on Journalism & Communication Issues
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Political Reporting
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Television Journalism
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Local Communication & Media
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Human Rights Protection
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Human Rights Violations
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Caruana Galizia, Daphne (1964-2017)
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Military
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Police
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Democracy / Democratization and Media
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Opinion Leaders, Politicians, Decision Makers, Elites
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Kompas (Newspaper, Indonesia)
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Public Media, State Media
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Open Data
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Civic Engagement, Citizen Participation, Civil Society & Media
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Gender Advocacy & Empowerment, Gender Mainstreaming
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Authoritarian Regimes: Transnational Repression
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Election Campaigns
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Catholic Media
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Chilling Effects (Discouragement of Legitimate Exercise of Legal Rights)
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Data Protection: Law & Regulation
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Digital Media Censorship, Control & Filtering, Internet & Social Media Censorship
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Freedom of Expression Lobbying & Communication Rights Campaigning
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Censorship Circumvention Tools & Strategies
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Internet Censorship Circumvention Tools & Strategies
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State Influence on the Media
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Crisis Communication
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Government / State Advertising: Allocation Policies & Regulation
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Military: Communication Strategies & Practices
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Alternative Communication & Media
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Conflicts: Victims' Perspectives
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Terrorism
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Boko Haram
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Iraq War (2003)
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Dealing With the Past
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Discourse & Discourse Analysis
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Theatre
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Digital Media Startups
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Online Magazines & Newspapers
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Social Media
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Democratization & Digital Media / Social Media
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Trolling (Social Media)
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Digitalisation, Online Communication & Democracy / Democratization
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Minority Journalists
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Religious Minorities & Media
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Humanitarian Law
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Conspiracy Narratives, Conspiracy Theories
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Foreign Disinformation, Foreign Information Manipulation Operations, Foreign Propaganda
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Health Disinformation & Misinformation
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Identifying & Researching Disinformation
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Media Ownership
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Media Viability & Financial Sustainability
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Political Economy of Media
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Climate Change Communication, Climate Journalism
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Environmental & Land Conflicts Reporting & Media Representation
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Defamation: Effects on Victims
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Defamation Law & Regulation
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Objectivity & Veracity of Reporting
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Bias in News Media
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Self-Regulation of Media
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Gender-Based Harassment, Intimidation & Violence: Media Representation & Reporting
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Gender Discrimination, Gender Inequalities
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Gender Representation & Stereotypes in the Media
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Good Practice Examples
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Health Journalism
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History of Journalism
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History of the Press
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Foreign Countries: Reporting & Media Representation
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Council of Europe
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Associations & Networks of Journalists
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International Federation of Journalists (IFJ)
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Reporters Sans Frontièrs
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Collaborative Journalism, Journalism Cooperation
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Constructive Journalism, Solution-Oriented Journalism
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Labour Market for Journalists
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Newsroom Management
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Corruption Reporting & Role of Media in Curbing Corruption
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Service Journalism, Consumer Information, Lifestyle Journalism
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Local Television
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International Media Support (IMS) (Media Development NGO, Denmark)
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Media Assistance: Journalists' Associations, Media Associations
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Media & Communication Policies
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Transition Countries: Media Systems & Media Landscapes
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Transitional Justice
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Forced Migration, Forced Displacement
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Migration & Refugees Reporting & (Social) Media Representation
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Khashoggi, Jamal (1958-2018)
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Conflict & War Photography
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Hindu Nationalism
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Political Extremism
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Right-Wing Extremism
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Parliaments
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Politics and Media
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Influence of Media on Politics
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Political Transition and Media
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Fundamentalisms (Religious)
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Crimes, Criminality, Organized Crime
1
Human Security
1
Sexual Violence & Abuse, Rape
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Rohingya
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Al-Jazeera
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Theories of Communication & Media
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Language
Document type
Countries / Regions
Authors & Publishers
Media focus
Publication Years
Methods applied
Journals
Output Type
Preparing to publish: How journalists negotiate content restrictions in semi-authoritarian states
International Communication Gazette, volume 85, issue 2 (2023), pp. 120-140
"Journalists act strategically in response to their political environments, using practices like self-censorship to avoid negative repercussions from powerful actors. But what does self-censorship look like in practice? Grounded in theories of policy response and media sociology, this study uses jou
...
Examining Violence against Journalists in Conflict Areas: Iraq, Syria, and Afghanistan
Journal of Communication and Media Studies, volume 8, issue 2 (2023), pp. 49-64
"Due to the increasing number of journalists being killed, kidnapped, and imprisoned across the globe, the safety of journalists seems to be deteriorating. The level of violence against journalists varies over time and from area to area, even within the same country. This article analyzes the violen
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Safety training deficiency, threats and adaptive measures among journalists reporting violent conflict in North East Nigeria
African Security Review, volume 32, issue 3 (2023), pp. 227-242
"This study appraises the mainstreaming and teaching of safety in journalism training institutions in Nigeria and interrogates the effectiveness of the safety measures available to safeguard the lives of journalists reporting from conflict areas in the North East geopolitical zone. In-depth intervie
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Impact of Job Risks on Job Performance and Propensity to Quit Journalism among Television Camerapersons Covering Conflicts in Nigeria
Electronic News, volume 17, issue 2 (2023), pp. 76-92
"This study examined the impact of job risks on job performance and the propensity to quit journalism among 576 TV camerapersons covering insecurity in Nigeria. The result of the study showed a significant main effect of job risks on job performance, F(2,548)*=*241.016, p*=*.001, eta squared, *p2*=*
...
In-Between Journalism and Media Development: Negotiating Journalist Safety within Decolonising African Contexts
In: Decolonising Journalism Education in South Africa: Critical Perspectives
London; New York: Routledge (2023), pp. 163-186
"Media development has long been a staple in Africa and literature about its conceptualisations, practices and impact abound. One defining characteristic of this literature is that it focuses primarily on media development’s impact on the media’s ability to resist penetration by the state. This
...
Online Harassment of Journalists in Zimbabwe: Experiences, Coping Strategies and Implications
In: New Journalism Ecologies in East and Southern Africa: Innovations, Participatory and Newsmaking Cultures
Cham: Palgrave Macmillan (2023), pp. 95-111
"This chapter examines the safety risks faced by Zimbabwean journalists as they conduct their day-to-day professional work in online spaces. Given that journalists in Africa are increasingly utilising and adopting social media tools for news production and distribution, it is timely to examine the d
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Syrian Journalists Covering the War: Assessing Perceptions of Fear and Security
Media, War & Conflict, volume 16, issue 1 (2023), pp. 44-62
"This article analyses the dangers and threats faced by Syrian journalists covering the conflict since the pro-democracy protests erupted in March 2011. While most Western research on the Syrian Revolution has focused on the working difficulties faced by correspondents, parachutists or foreign freel
...
Assessing the risks of journalists reporting in conflict zones: A case study of Somalia
International Journal of Advanced Mass Communication and Journalism, volume 4, issue 1 (2023), pp. 16-20
"This study was conducted to assess the risks journalists face while reporting in Somalia. It was guided by three specific objectives that included: evaluating the cases of physical attacks on journalists reporting in Somalia, analyzing the cases of arbitrary arrests and imprisonments of journalists
...
Repressed media and illiberal politics in Turkey: The persistence of fear
Southeast European and Black Sea Studies, volume 23, issue 1 (2023), pp. 159-177
"This article examines the historical roots of the role of successive Turkish governments’ fear of media and Turkish media’s fear of government authority with respect to the development of press freedom over the long run and closely analyzes the historical pressures imposed on journalists throug
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Boundaries, Barriers, and Champions: Understanding Digital Security Education in US Journalism Programs
Journalism Studies, volume 24, issue 3 (2023), pp. 309-328
"Journalists are increasingly attacked in response to their work yet they often lack the necessary support and training to protect themselves, their sources, and their communications. Despite this, there has been limited scholarly attention that addresses how journalism schools approach digital secu
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Reality on the Ground: Exploring News Production Practices by Syrian Journalists in Times of Conflict
Journalism Practice, volume 17, issue 2 (2023), pp. 283-299
"While most research on the Syrian revolution has been focussing on content analysis about how Western mainstream media cover and frame the conflict, this paper aims at exploring journalistic practices by Syrian journalists. We look at three concrete aspects: the socio-labor profile of the practitio
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In conflict between leaving and staying: Identifying the challenges of women journalists and the effects on the intention to leave the journalism profession
Media Asia, volume 50, issue 2 (2023), pp. 157-180
"This study aims to identify the challenges of women journalists in Afghanistan and their impact on the intention to leave the job. To achieve the objectives of this study, a mixed-method (qualitative and quantitative) has been used. In the qualitative section, 15 in-depth interviews were conducted
...
‘Keeping news alive in Venezuela’: Using social media as tactical media
Global Media and Communication, volume 19, issue 1 (2023), pp. 101-117
"Venezuela leads Latin America with the largest number of imprisoned journalists and extreme government-led media censorship. Our in-depth interviews with 25 Venezuelan journalists reveal that assisting journalists to combat government control are social media and technology platforms like WhatsApp,
...
‘Repackaging the emptiness’: How Russian regional journalism adapts to the COVID-19 pandemic
Newspaper Research Journal, volume 44, issue 1 (2023), pp. 92-110
"The COVID-19 pandemic has underscored the role news organizations play in disseminating information and shaping public response to the crisis. This study adopts an ecological approach in examining Russian regional journalists’ adaptations to the pandemic. Based on in-depth interviews, the study f
...
Modelling the impact of safety threats on professional journalistic reporting of protests by Indigenous People of Biafra among Nigerian journalists
Journal of International Communication, volume 29, issue 2 (2023), pp. 234-252
"This study aimed to determine the impact of safety challenges on professional journalistic reporting of IPOB protests in Nigeria. A total of 400 Nigerian journalists who were covering IPOB activities were surveyed. Data were analysed using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA), multivariate an
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“We always report under pressure”: Professionalism and journalistic identity among regional journalists in a conflict zone
Journalism, volume 24, issue 4 (2023), pp. 709–728
"This study explores how regional journalists in Pakistan conceptualize journalistic professionalism, how they perceive their journalistic identities, and how local socio-political and economic realities shape their professional identification. Analysis of interviews with 33 journalists working in P
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Recruitment and Retention Practices in a Changing African News Media Ecosystem
"This chapter maps out the contours of recruitment and retention practices in an increasingly complex African news media ecosystem in which traditional news media operate alongside a new crop of small but very vibrant media start-ups that are intentionally unencumbered by traditional journalistic an
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Beyond Self-Censorship: Hong Kong’s Journalistic Risk Culture under the National Security Law
China Journal, volume 90 (2023), pp. 129-153
"Professional and liberal-oriented news media in Hong Kong have been under severe political pressure since the establishment of the National Security Law in 2020. Journalists now have to navigate a more dense and uncertain legal minefield. Self-censorship has intensified. This article argues that se
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The erosion of media freedom in Ghana: A signal democratic backsliding?
Media, Culture & Society, volume 46, issue 1 (2023), pp. 112-129
"Ghana is a poster child of the consolidation of liberal democracy in Africa, the signal evidence of which is the freedom of the Ghanaian media as the fourth estate of the realm. However, recent developments in the media landscape of the country, such as sustained death threats, assaults, use of unw
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