Country and Region-Specific Safety Issues

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Becoming a Target: Journalists’ Perspectives on Anti-Press Discourse and Experiences with Hate Speech

Cedomir Markov, Ana Dordevic

Journalism Practice, volume 18, issue 2 (2023), pp. 283-300

"In many parts of the world, journalists work in increasingly hostile environments. To better understand the characteristics and implications of hostility against the press in a hybrid regime, this study explores how journalists in Serbia perceive and experience anti-press hate speech. Based on 20 i ... more

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Swedish journalists' perceptions of legal protection against unlawful online harassment

Oscar Björkenfeldt

Frontiers in Sociology, volume 8, issue 1154495 (2023), 12 pp.

"This study examined journalists' perceptions regarding the legal system's ability to protect them against online harassment. By utilizing open-ended survey responses from respondents with varying levels of trust in the legal system, the findings suggested a need for increased technical proficiency, ... more

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Beyond Self-Censorship: Hong Kong’s Journalistic Risk Culture under the National Security Law

Francis Lee

China Journal, volume 90 (2023), pp. 129-153

"Professional and liberal-oriented news media in Hong Kong have been under severe political pressure since the establishment of the National Security Law in 2020. Journalists now have to navigate a more dense and uncertain legal minefield. Self-censorship has intensified. This article argues that se ... more

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Periodistas en México: Encuesta de sus perfiles demográficos, laborales y profesionales

Frida V. Rodelo, Mireya Márquez Ramírez, Grisel Salazar Rebolledo, Celia del Palacio Montiel, Martín Echeverría, Armando Gutiérrez Ortega, Karles Daniel Manzo, Julieta Brambila, Josefina Buxadé, Rubén Arnaldo González, Sallie Hughes, José Luis Lemini Camarillo

Global Media Journal - México, volume 20, issue 39 (2023), pp. 110–159

"Para que el periodismo pueda realizar su función democrática, es preciso que el contexto político, social y económico le permita su desarrollo en toda forma. Aunque en el pasado estuvo caracterizado por la cooptación y la censura, el periodismo mexicano reciente ha mostrado prácticas innovado ... more

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Using Journalism for Self-Protection: Profession-Specific and Journalistic Measures and Strategies for Countering Violence and Impunity in Mexico and Honduras

Tamsin Mitchell

Journalism Studies, volume 24, issue 7 (2023), pp. 896-915

"In Mexico and Honduras, journalists face violence from state and non-state actors and almost complete impunity. Given a lack of effective state protection, some resort to alternative means of (self-)protection and justice-seeking. Via analysis of 67 interviews with journalists and protection actors ... more

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Online safety of diverse journalists: A report prepared for Media Diversity Australia

Faith Valencia-Forrester, Bronwyn Carlson, Susan Forde, Madi Day, Mark Pearson, Sandy O'Sullivan, Susan de Groot Heupner, Dylan Barnes

Media Diversity Australia;Griffith University;Macquarie University (2023), 69 pp.

"Overall, our study found that many journalists and media workers from minority backgrounds were experiencing online harassment and abuse from members of the public, and that often, this behaviour was considered ‘part of the job’ in the modern, digital environment. While we found some employers ... more

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Embedding Trauma Literacy Into Curriculum: An Examination of the Attitudes of Australian and New Zealand Journalism Educators

Alexandra Wake, Erin Smith, Matthew Ricketson

Journalism & Mass Communication Educator, volume 78, issue 2 (2023), pp. 112-126

"Australia and New Zealand have reputations as countries prone to catastrophic and frequent natural and man-made disasters. Therefore, it is no surprise that antipodean academics want trauma-informed education for their journalism students. This study presents the Australian-New Zealand results of a ... more

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Post-traumatic Mental and Physical Consequences of Frontline Reporting in the MENA Region

Lakhdar Chadli, Farooq Muhammad Haq, Ahmed Okasha, Rafik Attou

Open Public Health Journal, volume 15 (2023), 12 pp.

"Background: A current need in journalistic frontline work is to understand the potential psychological and physical traumatic consequences that may result from on-duty appointments. Journalists are active in frontline zones to report on conflicts, crises, and natural disasters. In the Middle East a ... more

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Social media and online hostility: Experiences of women in Irish journalism

Dawn Wheatley

Dublin: Irish Research Council;Dublin City University (2023), 60 pp.

"The public’s increased access to journalists via social networks is arguably the defining shift in audience-media relations over the past two decades. While some laud this potential for dialogue, the reality is that many journalists face targeted hostility, with women often subjected to particula ... more

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Safety of Journalists in Ghana

Theodora Dame Adjin-Tettey

In: The State of the Ghanaian Media Report

Abena Animwaa Yeboah-Banin (ed.)

Accra: University of Ghana, Department of Communication Studies;Media Foundation for West Africa (MFWA) (2023), pp. 60-70

"The continual threats against the lives of journalists have been blamed for Ghana’s decline in the World Press Freedom Index ranking for the past two years. Even though much of the evidence for this has primarily been anecdotal, various efforts have been undertaken to compile reports of abuses th ... more

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Assessing safety of journalism practice in Ghana: Key stakeholders’ perspectives

Theodora Dame Adjin-Tettey, Sulemana Braimah

Cogent Social Sciences, volume 9, issue 1: 2225836 (2023), 16 pp.

"This study sought to use the self-reporting method of survey as well as key informant interviews to investigate the depth and spread of the problem. A total of 115 respondents took part in the survey. Additionally, eight interviews were conducted with key stakeholders. The study found that the most ... more

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Journalists’ Level of Safety at Election Seasons in Southwest Nigeria

Sola Elijah Olorunda

Asia Social Issues, volume 16, issue 3, e260022 (2023), 11 pp.

"The study used survey-style descriptive research. All of southwest Nigeria’s media outlets made up the population. 200 respondents made up the study’s sample, using a multistage sampling approach that included stratified random and simple random sampling techniques. A questionnaire titled “Le ... more

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Safety concerns and awareness of safety measures among female journalists reporting elections in Nigeria

Mofoluke I. Akoja, Oguchi O. Ajaegbu, Adetunji Adeteye, Medinat Kanabe

Seybold Report, volume 18, issue 7 (2023), pp. 2402-2419

"Female journalists often face a dual challenge when reporting on elections, grappling with routine attacks both as women and as professionals. This study aims to explore the safety concerns of female journalists covering elections in Lagos state, Nigeria, and investigate their attitudes towards the ... more

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Online harassment of journalists in Nigeria: Audience motivations and solutions

Temple Uwalaka, Azubuike Fred Amadi, Bigman Nwala, Peter Wokoro

Media International Australia (2023), 16 pp.

"This study investigates the motivations for the hostility towards the press by the audience and how to control online harassment of journalists in Nigeria. Data for this study are from online and face-to-face semi-structured interviews of 54 Nigerians in Nigeria. Finding shows that perceived journa ... more

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The struggle for authority and legitimacy: Lifestyle and political journalists’ discursive boundary work

Sandra Banjac, Folker Hanusch

Journalism, volume 24, issue 10 (2023), pp. 2155–2173

"Scholarship has pointed to an artificial hierarchy between political and lifestyle journalism that is rooted in norms and values stemming from Western-liberal thought. Within this distinction, lifestyle journalism has been subordinated as occupying a marginal or peripheral position in the field. Ye ... more

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“I thought You Are Beautiful”: Uganda Women Journalists’ Tales of Mob Violence on Social Media

Gerald Walulya, Florence Namasinga Selnes

Digital Journalism, volume 11, issue 10 (2023), pp. 1962-1981

"This article contributes to our understanding of the notion of mob censorship from the Ugandan context by examining the nature and consequences of harassment targeting women journalists on social media. Drawing on research about online harassment and censorship, we link mob violence in physical spa ... more

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Workplace Happiness, Journalism and COVID-19 in South Asia

Achala Abeykoon, Archana Kumari, Mohammad Sahid Ullah, Pallavi Majumdar, Sajjad Ali, Mou Mukherjee Das, Santosh Kumar Biswal, M. C. Rasmin, Shilpa Kalyan, Mohd Shahid, Mamunor Rashid

In: Happiness in Journalism

Valérie Bélair-Gagnon; Avery E. Holton; Mark Deuze; Claudia Mellado (eds.)

London; New York: Routledge (2023), pp. 166-174

"This chapter explores some of the positive strategies employed by South Asian media institutions to enhance workplace happiness and help journalists to cope with stress and traumatic experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic. Happiness is crucial for media institutions because journalism is one of t ... more

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Pandemic, politics, and the safety of journalists: Downward spiral of press freedom in India

Sanviti Iyer, Mochish KS

Review of Communication, volume 23, issue 3 (2023), pp. 210-227

"According to the 2023 World Press Freedom Index rankings by the RSF, India ranks 161 out of 180 countries. One of the important indicators that the index bases the ranking on is the level of violence against the journalists and their overall safety. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the Indian governme ... more

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Egypt’s #MeToo Moment: Using Social Media to Help Address Violence Against Women in Egypt

Rasha El-Ibiary

In: Violence Against Women in the Global South: Reporting in the #MeToo Era

Andrea Jean Baker; Celeste González de Bustamante; Jeannine E. Relly (eds.)

Cham: Palgrave Macmillan (2023), pp. 173-199

"Adjusting the focus to the time and research of the present, this chapter analyzes two case studies that occurred before and after the revitalization of the global #MeToo movement in 2017. The selected cases investigate how women have used social media platforms to combat VAW. The first case is Daf ... more

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Examining Violence against Journalists in Conflict Areas: Iraq, Syria, and Afghanistan

Araz Ramazan Ahmad

Journal of Communication and Media Studies, volume 8, issue 2 (2023), pp. 49-64

"Due to the increasing number of journalists being killed, kidnapped, and imprisoned across the globe, the safety of journalists seems to be deteriorating. The level of violence against journalists varies over time and from area to area, even within the same country. This article analyzes the violen ... more