Toolbox Management & Financing

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How Mission-Driven News Sites Are Betting on Reader Revenue in Latin America: News Outlets in Colombia, Brazil and Mexico Share What They’ve Learned from Building Their Membership Models in the Midst of a Pandemic

Laura Oliver

Oxford: Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism (2021)

"For digital-first news outlets in Latin America, lessons learned from reader-funding experiments are being transformed into highly tailored membership programmes that offer a chance at a more sustainable future. Independent, mission-driven or subject-specific news sites, in particular, are leading ... more

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Entrepreneurial News Sites as Worthy Causes? Exploring Readers’ Motivations Behind Donating to Latin American Journalism

Summer Harlow

Digital Journalism, volume 9, issue 3 (2021), pp. 364-383

"This study uses surveys with readers of entrepreneurial news startups in seven Latin American countries to examine their motivations for donating to journalism. Using the donor–organization relationship from public relations scholarship as a framework, this study showed content, independent/objec ... more

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Local Media Survival Guide 2022: How Journalism is Innovating to Find Sustainable Ways to Serve Local Communities Around the World and Fight Against Misinformation
Inspiring Practice

Jacqui Park

Vienna: International Press Institute (IPI) (2021), 81 pp.

"This report is meant to share the experiences and lessons of local media practitioners globally, and to build a community for networking and support. It’s about telling their story in their own voice – and helping all involved learn from one another. By talking to both new digital start-ups and ... more

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Punto de inflexión internacional: Un estudio de los impactos, innovaciones, amenazas y sustentabilidad de emprendedores de medios digitales en América Latina, el Sudeste Asiático y África
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SembraMedia (2021), 169 pp.

"Como esperábamos, había diferencias regionales entre los medios digitales en África, el Sudeste Asiático y América Latina que incluimos en este informe. Pero lo que más nos llamó la atención cuando revisábamos los datos eran las similitudes que emergían entre estas organizaciones de notic ... more

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Ponto de Inflexão Internacional: Um estudo sobre impacto, inovação, ameaças e sustentabilidade dos empreendedores de mídia digital na América Latina, Sudeste Asiático e África
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SembraMedia (2021), 170 pp.

"Como era de se esperar, houve diferenças regionais entre os veículos jornalísticos digitais na África, Sudeste Asiático e América Latina que incluímos neste relatório. Mas o que mais nos impressionou ao analisarmos os dados foram as semelhanças que surgiram entre essas organizações jorna ... more

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A Deep Dive Into Digital Subs

Pierre de Villers

FIPP;CeleraOne (2021), 20 pp.

"FIPP and paywall market leaders CeleraOne have carried out a survey to gauge the global state of affairs when it comes to digital subscription offerings by leading media companies in different countries. The results gathered from 95 publishers in 11 nations – Argentina, Canada, Finland, France, G ... more

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How to Build a Successful Subscription News Business: Lessons from Britain and Spain

Eduardo Suárez

Oxford: Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism (2020), 79 pp.

"The paper explores what news companies with reader revenue models are doing through structured interviews with 26 media executives from 15 news organisations. Some of these outlets run digital subscriptions. Others have reader revenue models with a less transactional value proposition. Most of them ... more

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Myanmar Media's Response to COVID-19

Thal Nyein Thu, Jane Madlyn McElhone, Tessa Piper (eds.)

New York: Media Development Investment Fund (MDIF) (2020), 41 pp.

"In June 2020, MDIF conducted a survey of 36 Myanmar media outlets to gather information about the impact of COVID-19 on their businesses between March and May. They represent a mix of national media, as well as local media from the ethnic states and regions. Their operations are of various sizes: t ... hree media have 70-150 staff, 7 have 20-69, and 26 have 1-19. All the media surveyed felt the impact of COVID-19 almost immediately. Not surprisingly, as this has generally been the experience of media worldwide, commercial revenue decline was often dramatic: half of the survey respondents reported more than a 75% drop in income. Thirty-two of the 36 respondents had advertising revenue prior to the start of the pandemic, and all of them reported that it was negatively affected. All 19 media with print products were obliged to either reduce or even halt production. In response to collapsing revenues, 31 of the 36 survey respondents instituted spending cuts between March and May including, in some cases, cutting salaries and staff. Even as they reeled from the economic impact, Myanmar media also had to adapt their working environments. All the media surveyed quickly instituted work from home practices or else established social distancing in their offices and provided protective equipment for their staff. At the same time, more than half of the media reported having to contend with safety and security challenges. These came in the form of restrictions on movement, websites being blocked, on and offline surveillance, staff harassment and arrests. In common with media in other countries, one bright spot in this bleak picture has been audience growth. MDIF’s survey found that almost all media saw both their digital audiences, and audience engagement, increase. This had a positive knock-on effect for the media, with 30 respondents reporting that during this period they were able to strengthen their digital skills and knowledge due to the increased focus on their online content. The good news that 21 of the 31 respondents that sought emergency funding during the survey period obtained it, is tempered by the reality that the impact of COVID-19 has been deep and will be long lasting. The future for media in Myanmar is precarious." (Introduction) more

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Accepting the Digital Challenge: Business Models and Audience Participation in Online Native Media

Sara Pérez-Seijo, Ángel Vizoso, Xosé López-García

Journal: Media, volume 1, issue 1 (2020), pp. 78-91

"The aim of this proposal is to present the evolution of the digital native media in Spain in order to compare their current situation with European success stories. For that purpose, we have conducted a comparative case study between three highlighted Spanish digital native news outlets and three f ... more

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Money for nothing and content for free? Paid content, Plattformen und Zahlungsbereitschaft im digitalen Journalismus

Christian M. Wellbrock, Christopher Buschow (eds.)

Baden-Baden: Nomos (2020), 209 pp.

"Die vorliegende Studie stellt Nutzerinnen und Nutzer in den Mittelpunkt. Sie fragt sowohl nach den Gründen für fehlende Zahlungsbereitschaft als auch danach, warum und wofür gezahlt wird. Auch wenn die Grundtendenz einer stark ausgeprägten Gratismentalität gegenüber digitaljournalistischen In ... more

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Membership in News & Beyond: What Media Can Learn from Other Member-Driven Movements

Emily Goligoski, Matt Thompson

Austin: Knight Center for Journalism in the Americas (2019), 45 pp.

"The traditional financial models for news are dying. Could churches, environmental movements, and open source communities hold clues to its survival? We’re at a moment of profound transition and successive crisis for news. Our mission is to explore how membership models might help. A key takeaway ... more

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Digital Pay-Meter Playbook: How Today’s News Publishers Can Use Data, Best Practices, and Test-And-Learn Tactics to Build Better Pay-Meters

Nicco Mele, Matthew Skibinski, Matthew Spector

Shorenstein Center on Media, Politics and Public Policy;Lenfest Institute for Journalism (2019), 35 pp.

"Our research suggests publishers should invest in capabilities to engage in constant testing and experimentation in digital — to build engagement among digital audiences and ultimately convert engaged readers into paying subscribers. For commercial and for-profit models in particular, publishers ... more

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Money for nothing and content for free? Zahlungsbereitschaft für digitaljournalistische Inhalte

Christopher Buschow, Christian Wellbrock

Düsseldorf: Landesanstalt für Medien NRW (2019), 42 pp.

"Die vorliegende Studie untersucht, wie etablierte Medienunternehmen und journalistische Neugründungen in Deutschland nutzerseitige Zahlungsbereitschaft für digitaljournalistische Inhalte besser identifizieren, fördern und abschöpfen können. Auf Grundlage einer für die deutsche Online-Bevölke ... more

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Cultural Crowdfunding: Platform Capitalism, Labour and Globalization

Vincent Rouzé (ed.)

London: University of Westminster Press (2019), vii, 118 pp.

"Relying on individual contributions coordinated by social media to finance cultural production (and carry out promotional tasks) is a significant shift, especially when supported by morphing public policies, supposedly enhancing cultural diversity and accessibility. The aim of this book is to propo ... more

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Charitable Crowdfunding in China: An Emergent Channel for Setting Policy Agendas?

Kellee S. Tsai, Qingyan Wang

China Quarterly, issue 240 (2019), pp. 936-966

"Social media in China has not only become a popular means of communication, but also expanded the interaction between the government and online citizens. Why have some charitable crowdfunding campaigns had agenda-setting influence on public policy, while others have had limited or no impact? Based ... more

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Strengthening Media Systems Activity (SMS). Demand-Side Study: “Comprehensive Study of the Public’s Media Needs and Behaviors in Serbia”
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IREX;CESID;USAID (2019), 72 pp.

"This study was specfically intended to: 1. provide comprehensive insight into the public’s media consumption patterns, and its underlying causes: a) values; b) needs and interests, particularly regarding media content; c) motivation and aspirations, with specific emphasis on buying media content; ... more

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Rebooting Journalism: How Media Startups Overcame the Business Model Crisis. What Can We Learn from Eldiario.es and Mediapart?

Javier Borelli

Oxford: Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism (2019), 78 pp.

"This research is based on the belief that there is no journalism crisis, but a business model one. So, learning from successful experiences that innovate in the business is the first step towards building a healthier media landscape in other countries. During this paper I will focus specially in tw ... more

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Suscripciones, “the new black”: Los modelos de pago emergentes (1ª parte)

Pepe Cerezo

Madrid: Evoca Comunicación e Imagen (2019), 37 pp.

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Digital journalism & new business models: An overview on business models and financing of news media and digital newsroom structures

Andreas K. Bittner

European Federation of Journalists (EFJ) (2019), 19 pp.

External Link (17)

Google Scholar (13)

WorldCat (15)

Crowdfunding Movies: A Business Model Analysis from Strategic Management Studies

Olivier Braet, Sander Spek, Caroline Pauwels

In: Handbook of State Aid for Film: Finance, Industries and Regulation

Paul Clemens Murschetz; Roland Teichmann; Matthias Karmasin (eds.)

Cham: Springer (2018), pp. 635-656

"A crowdfunding platform for movies is an alternative way of refunding movie production costs. Usually, such platform combines several types of funding, including sourcing the Internet community to gather small private donations, that is, a revenue stream which is typically named “crowdfunding”. ... more

Local Media Survival Guide 2022: How Journalism is Innovating to Find Sustainable Ways to Serve Local Communities Around the World and Fight Against Misinformation Inspiring Practice

Punto de inflexión internacional: Un estudio de los impactos, innovaciones, amenazas y sustentabilidad de emprendedores de medios digitales en América Latina, el Sudeste Asiático y África Top Insights

Ponto de Inflexão Internacional: Um estudo sobre impacto, inovação, ameaças e sustentabilidade dos empreendedores de mídia digital na América Latina, Sudeste Asiático e África Top Insights

Strengthening Media Systems Activity (SMS). Demand-Side Study: “Comprehensive Study of the Public’s Media Needs and Behaviors in Serbia” Top Insights

Local Media Survival Guide 2022: How Journalism is Innovating to Find Sustainable Ways to Serve Local Communities Around the World and Fight Against Misinformation
Inspiring Practice

Punto de inflexión internacional: Un estudio de los impactos, innovaciones, amenazas y sustentabilidad de emprendedores de medios digitales en América Latina, el Sudeste Asiático y África
Top Insights

Ponto de Inflexão Internacional: Um estudo sobre impacto, inovação, ameaças e sustentabilidade dos empreendedores de mídia digital na América Latina, Sudeste Asiático e África
Top Insights

Strengthening Media Systems Activity (SMS). Demand-Side Study: “Comprehensive Study of the Public’s Media Needs and Behaviors in Serbia”
Top Insights